摇摆运动条件下自然循环复合型脉动的实验研究

对摇摆运动条件下的自然循环两相流动不稳定性进行实验研究。实验结果表明：摇摆运动造成的两相流动不稳定性（波谷型两相流动不稳定性）和密度波型脉动相互叠加形成复合型脉动,加剧了系统的两相流动不稳定性。复合型脉动分为不规则的复合型脉动和规则的复合型脉动两部分,复合型脉动仅发生在高欠热度区域。规则的复合型脉动发生边界与相同热工水力参数下的密度波型脉动边界接近且受摇摆参数影响较小。     

高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器两相流不稳定性预报

论述了蒸汽发生器立式上升流动螺旋管内高压汽－水两相流不稳定性试验研究。研究结果表明，螺旋管中存在压力降型、密度波型和热力型脉动。采用无因次分析法得到了预测系统稳定的经验关系式，并得到了判断系统稳定性的界限图。同时对蒸汽发生器立式下降流动螺旋管与立式上升流动螺旋管的不稳定性进行了比较。最后对实际蒸汽发生器两相流不稳定性进行了预报。     

用迭代函数系统提取两相流不稳定性的分形码

文章提出了将小波包分析数据压缩和消噪并与迭代函数系统（IFS）分形理论相结合用以研究汽液两相流动不稳定性的一种新方法。首先对实验得到的汽液两相流动不稳定性的振动曲线进行小波包数据压缩和消噪，得到用主要的小波低频和高频系数重新表示的信号；然后对新得到的信号提取IFS分形码，分别得到信号的高频和低频IFS分形码。这一新方法为深入研究汽液两相流动不稳定性的物理本质奠定基础。     

小波检测汽液两相流动密度波不稳定性的分行特征

结合小波变换和分解良好的时频局部化特性与分形理论，从非线性复杂系统出发，通过未经简化和抽象的研究对象去认识内在规律性的非线性特性，对汽液两相流动密度波不稳定性同时进行时频分析和非线性分析，并检测脉动参数的分行特征。     

内螺纹管和光管两相流不稳定性试验对比研究

在高压试验台上进行了倾斜并联内螺纹管和光管内汽．液两相流不稳定性试验,在此基础上对两种管型进行了对比研究,探讨了两种管型下各种参数对流动不稳定性的影响．对比研究表明．发生压力降型脉动时．光管的界限热负荷小于内螺纹管;发生密度波型脉动时．内螺纹管的界限热负荷小于光管,通过对试验数据进行最小二乘法回归,给出了两种管型内发生不稳定性的界限热负荷无因次方程。     

大L/d倾斜并联光管汽-液两相流不稳定性实验研究

在高压高温试验台上对倾斜并联管汽-液两相流不稳定性进行了实验研究,观察到了压力降型和密度波型等两类不稳定性脉动。在试验管长与管内径比L/d>1200条件下,没有上游可压缩容积时也发生压力降型脉动。系统压力、质量流速、热负荷和进口过冷度等参数对不稳定性有显著的影响。实验表明,在倾斜并联管中,压力降型脉动出现在含气率较低的水动力曲线负斜率段,为两管整体脉动;而密度波型脉动出现在含气率较高的正斜率区域,呈管间脉动。经过对比发现,倾斜并联光管的脉动特性与垂直并联管类似。     

两相自然循环系统的静态分岔特性机理分析

基于分岔理论及其DERPAR数值方法及均相模型,计算出两相自然循环系统的静态分岔解图,进一步得到不同压力下质量含汽率和空泡份额随加热功率的变化曲线图;深入讨论了流型转变对两相自然循环流动不稳定性的影响;分析了系统压力、含汽率、汽液两相密度差引起的不稳定性的机理;并比较了不同系统压力、欠热度、阻力、几何构型等参数对质量含汽率和空泡份额的影响。强调指出两相自然循环系统的静态分岔现象主要是由于汽液两相密度差引起的。随着压力的升高,汽液两相密度差异减小,有利于系统的稳定性。     

低质量流速垂直并联内螺纹管密度波型不稳定性试验

在高压汽-水两相流实验台上进行了低质量流速垂直并联内螺纹管密度波型不稳定性的试验研究,观察到了垂直并联内螺纹管气-液两相流密度波型不稳定性的一些主要特征。在试验参数范围内就热负荷、系统压力、质量流速、进口过冷度和不对称加热对密度波型不稳定性的影响进行了研究和分析。同时根据试验结果,采用均相流模型得到了密度波型不稳定发生的界限关系式。     

螺旋管内汽液两相流密度波型脉动流动传热试验研究

详细介绍了在沸腾通道内部发生汽液两相流水动力不稳定性而出现周期性密度波型脉动时,脉动流动过程中瞬态和时均传热系数的实验研究结果。实验在以水为工质、以螺旋管作沸腾蒸发试验段的中低压闭式循环系统上进行,试验参数范围为：压力p=05～35 MPa,质量流速G=200～2 100 kg/(m2·s),工质进口过冷度ΔTsub=20～90 ℃,试验段壁面热负荷qw=0～540 kW/m2,密度波脉动的周期为T=125～14 s,且主要集中在4～10 s范围内。对密度波脉动过程中瞬态及时均传热系数和其它主要参数的基本特征与变化规律作了分析和描述,提出了表征密度波脉动传热的新的特征准则数和传热系数计算式。     

低压自然循环复合流量脉动实验研究

在低压流动沸腾不稳定性实验中,研究了自然循环流动在不同入口过冷度下的演化过程。对实验中的流动沸腾不稳定性入口流量信号进行快速傅里叶变换,基于振幅和频率特性区分了3种流动脉动模式：小幅流量脉动、复合流量脉动和逆流。分析了加热功率和入口过冷度对自然循环不稳定性的影响。根据加热段出口水温变化得到了出口的流型变化,当流量波动振幅较小时加热段出口流体始终是饱和状态,而当流量波动振幅较大时,加热段出口为单相液体和两相混合物交替通过。给出了这3种流量脉动的边界图,分析了热流密度和入口过冷度对流量脉动模式的影响。结果表明：出口含气率大于0时发生流动不稳定性,热流密度达到间歇干涸型临界热流密度时发生逆流。     

加热双通道密度波流动不稳定性数值研究

密度波流动不稳定性是影响换热设备安全性和可靠性的重要因素之一,其发生机理十分复杂。本工作基于RELAP5程序对加热通道密度波脉动进行了动态计算分析,揭示了脉动期间流体密度、流量及压降等参数的变化规律,并与两种经典机理进行比较分析。结果表明：密度波脉动期间,通道内流量、密度（空泡）及压降呈周期性脉动,加热通道内轴向不同位置流量不同,进出口流量反相脉动,单向段压降和两相段压降基本反相;加热通道密度波脉动的发生与两相段流量波动传播的延迟性有着密切的关系。     

An investigation of two-phase flow instability using wavelet signal extraction technique

When the oscillation periods of the instability of two-phase flow are sought with traditional methods of signal analysis, generally the Fourier transform must be employed and then the oscillation periods will be gotten at the location of the local maximum amplitude of frequency transform. However, Fourier transform will be difficult to clearly analyze the unsteady signals especially when the signals include many peaks and the noise interference is not generated by white noise in many areas of practical engineering like the oscillation of the instability of two-phase flow. The most effective solving method for the difficulty of Fourier transform is to analyze the signals directly in time domain. Wavelet analysis is able to search out the periods from time domain directly. It also has more excellent local characteristics than Fourier analysis in the both of time and frequency domains. In this paper, not only is a direct detecting method of the oscillation periods successfully applied based on the wavelet signal extraction techniques, but also the oscillation of density wave type of TYPE I is found as a kind of oscillations with a high-frequency harmonization.     

一体化反应堆蒸汽发生器内两相流密度波型脉动的预报模型

一体化反应堆由于其固有优越的安全性和广泛用途，受到许多国家的重视。解决两相流脉动问题是发展一体化反应堆的关键技术之一。本文利用两相流动的变密度模型，建立了一体化反应堆蒸汽发生器并联管内高压汽水两相流密度波型脉动的控制方程，运用小扰动线性化方法及拉普拉斯变换和自动控制理论的稳定性判据，提出了系统发生密度波型脉动的预报模型。利用模型，计算了系统发生脉动的界限热流密度，并分析了有关参数对脉动界限的影响，结果与试验符合较好，可用于实际蒸汽发生器的设计     

Density Wave Instability of Sodium Boiling Two-phase Flow in a Vertical Annulus at Low Pressure

Experiments of density wave instability in a sodium boiling two-phase flow in an annulus were carried out with the parameters of heat flux from 80 to 976kW/m², inlet subcooling from 25.6 to 226.8°C, mass flow rate from 7.92 to 68.9 kg/h, and system pressure from 2,600 Pa to 0.06 MPa. It was found that the density wave instability occurred in the case of low exit quality, and the oscillation of flow rate was so large that the flow would be reversal. The lower inlet temperature, the higher system pressure and the larger mass flow rate could result in a more stable boiling two-phase flow. The oscillation period of the instability increased with the system pressure and the inlet subcooling, but it decreased with the mass flow rate. A correlation for the onset condition of the density wave instability was obtained from the experimental data.     

Experimental study on two-phase flow instability of natural circulation under rolling motion condition

Two-phase flow instability of natural circulation under a rolling motion condition is experimentally studied. The experimental results show the rolling motion induces a fluid flow fluctuation. At the trough point of the flow fluctuation, rolling motion can cause the early occurrence of natural circulation two-phase flow instability, and this case is defined as trough-type flow oscillation. The system stability decreases with increasing rolling amplitude and effect of rolling frequency is nonlinear. The complex overlap effect of trough-type flow oscillation and density wave oscillation can enhance the system coolant fluctuation; this case is defined as complex flow oscillation. Complex flow oscillation may be divided into two types: regular and irregular complex flow oscillations. Irregular complex flow oscillation is a transition type from trough-type flow oscillation to regular complex flow oscillation. Under the same thermal hydraulic conditions, the marginal stability boundary (MSB) of regular complex flow oscillation is similar to that of density wave oscillation without rolling motion, and the influences of rolling parameters on the MSB are slight.     

非线性振动下水平通道内气液两相流动研究

在地震等行为产生的非线性振动下,两相流体会影响回路传热并对装置结构进行冲击,因此对气液界面行为的把握对核安全具有十分重要的意义。本文通过将振动装置与两相流实验回路相结合的方法,对非线性振动下水平通道内气液两相流问题进行了实验研究。基于FLUENT平台,结合动网格模型及UDF编程手段建立了数学模型,并对数学模型进行验证。研究结果表明：模拟结果与实验结果具有很好的一致性;振动工况下气液两相流动形式不同于稳态工况,会出现更复杂的气液界面,主要流型有泡状流、弹状流、搅拌流、波状流及环状流;瞬时摩擦压降的波动幅度随振动幅度和频率的增大而增大,且与振动幅度相比,振动频率对其影响更大。     

Assessment of Some Cross Section Libraries through Analyses of Coupled-Core Critical Experiments by Monte Carlo Calculations

An experiment was performed on the natural circulation test loop HRTL-5, which simulates the geometry and system design of the 5 MW full power natural circulation nuclear heating reactor. Different flow modes, including density wave oscillation and flow excursion et al., were observed in a wide range of inlet sub-cooling at 1.5MPa. By means of self-developed computational codes, the bifurcation chart has been obtained. Consequently the flow excursion boundary has been determined. Through the analysis on the excursion boundary, the method to avoid the flow excursion during startup has been presented. Analytical results show: (1) with the decreasing heat flux or the increasing system pressure, the static flow excursion occurs at higher inlet temperature and its range in the instability maps becomes narrower correspondingly; (2) to decrease the outlet two-phase resistance or increase the inlet single-phase resistance is beneficial to avoid the flow excursion; (3) by means of increasing the system pressure to start up the reactor with low heat flux, the flow excursion and low steam quality density wave oscillation can be successfully avoided. This investigation is meaningful to the reactor safety and the design of the nuclear heating reactors.