6-BA浓度及基因型对大豆胚尖诱导丛生芽的影响

以吉林35、吉林47等5个大豆品种为材料,胚尖为外植体,研究不同浓度6-BA对丛生芽诱芽率和平均芽数的影响,同时测定吉林35在胚尖诱导丛生芽的过程中对潮霉素的耐受性.结果表明:3.0 mg·L<,-1>6-BA浓度下吉林35的诱芽率最高,综合考虑丛生芽诱芽率和平均芽数2个性状,吉林35更加适合于大豆胚尖再生系统;在遗传...     

TDZ预处理及激素诱导对小麦茎尖丛生芽形成的影响

为了给遗传转化提供更好的受体,从而降低离体芽转化直接成苗出现的嵌合体现象,以4个普通小麦品种(系)为材料,研究了小麦籽粒细胞分裂素TDZ(噻二唑苯基脲)浸泡预处理及激素对小麦茎尖丛生芽形成的影响。结果表明,TDZ浸泡预处理降低了小麦胚萌发率,但显著提高了小麦茎尖丛生芽的分化,在TDZ最佳浓度5mg·L-1时,4种供试小麦材料的丛生芽诱导率和平均芽个数均达到最高,其中扬麦18最优,丛生芽诱导率和平均芽个数分别达到了50.9%和2.82个;萌发培养基中的TDZ浓度为4mg·L-1时,小麦茎尖丛生芽的诱导率和平均芽个数最高;诱导培养基中TDZ和6-BA(6-苄基脲嘌呤)浓度均为3mg·L-1时,诱导小麦丛生芽的效果最佳,并且TDZ诱导效果优于6-BA;细胞分裂素与生长素配合诱导时,在TDZ/IAA(吲哚乙酸)为6、6-BA/2,4-D(2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸)为60时,诱导效果较好,但低于细胞分裂素单独诱导的效果,且随着比值的进一步增大,其诱导效率急速下降;同时基因型对小麦茎尖丛生芽诱导有重要影响,供试的4个材料中,扬麦18的丛生芽诱导率最高,扬麦12次之,西农183、小偃22较差。     

大豆胚尖再生体系的研究

以吉大豆1号、2号等5个大豆品种为材料,胚尖为外植体,研究不同浓度6-BA对不同基因型胚尖丛生芽诱芽率和再生率的影响,筛选得到适合于胚尖再生系统的基因型吉大豆2号,并以吉大豆2号为材料,研究侵染阶段加入脯氨酸和硝酸银对胚尖褐化率的影响,将获得的再生植株进行生根试验.结果表明:共培养基中添加3.0 mg·L-1脯氨酸和3...     

6-BA和IBA浓度对不同基因型大豆胚尖诱导丛生芽的影响

以吉林17,吉林27,吉林28和吉林29共4种大豆基因型胚尖为外植体诱导丛生芽,研究了不同浓度的六苄基嘌呤(6-BA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)对胚尖再生率的影响.结果表明:不同基因型大豆在不同激素浓度配比下再生率存在明显差异.吉林28和吉林29更适合大豆胚尖再生系统,其最佳激素配比均为2.0 mg·L-16-BA +0.2 mg·L-1IBA,再生率为分别达78.17％和80.04％.     

大豆子叶节对潮霉素敏感性研究

标记基因的利用是筛选和鉴定转基因植株的有效方法,使用潮霉素能抑制植物的生长.选用3个基因型大豆为材料,以褐化率、分化率为指标,研究了不同质量浓度潮霉素对大豆子叶节分化和丛生芽生根的影响.结果表明不同基因型大豆对潮霉素的敏感性不同,潮霉素对大豆子叶节适宜筛选浓度黑农35为6 mg·L-1、合丰35和合丰25为4 mg·L-1;丛生芽生根筛选浓度黑农35为2 mg·L-1、合丰35和合丰25为1 mg·L-1.     

"小粒黄"大豆子叶节丛生芽的诱导

为建立大豆子叶节高频再生体系,以"小粒黄"大豆子叶节为外植体,研究了萌发天数、6-BA及TDZ浓度对大豆子叶节丛生芽诱导的影响.结果表明: 随着萌发天数的增加丛生芽诱导率下降,萌发7 d的子叶节外植体对丛生芽诱导率最高,达到82.6%.附加不同浓度6-BA 和 TDZ的1/2MSB5的基本培养基上均能诱导出丛生芽,但丛生芽诱导率也不同,以1.5 mg·L-16-BA 和 0.2 mg·L-1 TDZ配比时,丛生芽诱导率最高,达到85.7%.     

大豆胚尖转化体系优化和cry1C*基因转化大豆的研究

以抗大豆食心虫品系东农8004的胚尖为外植体,通过对芽诱导和芽伸长培养基进行优化,建立8004的胚尖转化体系,利用该体系进行cry1C*基因的转化,对获得的抗性再生植株进行分子鉴定和抗虫性鉴定。结果表明:在芽诱导培养基中附加1.67 mg·L-16-BA,丛生芽诱导率最高,达到80%,在芽伸长培养基中附加0.5 mg·L-1GA3和0.1mg·L-1IAA,芽伸长率最高为54%。共获得94株PPT(100μg·m L-1)抗性再生植株,PCR检测阳性14株,阳性率为14.89%。对4株T0代阳性植株进行大豆食心虫抗性鉴定,其中C-1植株的食心虫抗性明显高于野生型8004,说明在大豆中表达cry1C*基因能提高大豆对食心虫的抗性。     

菜用大豆高效胚尖离体再生基因型筛选

以华东地区4个主栽菜用大豆品种(交大05-133、交大02-89、沪宁96-10、青酥二号)的胚尖为起始外植体,研究消毒方法、预培养天数、6-BA浓度和培养基组合等对不定芽的诱导和伸长的影响。结果表明:用0.1%HgCl2消毒10 min后配合5%的NaClO消毒5 min,消毒效果最佳,胚尖活力好,且适用于各个品种;预培养时间为2 d,6-BA浓度为3.0 mg.L-1,有利于菜用大豆不定芽的诱导;1.0 mg.L-16-BA+0.1 mg.L-1NAA培养基组合有利于增加有效不定芽数;0.05 mg.L-16-BA+0.1 mg.L-1IBA培养基组合有利于不定芽的伸长;交大05-133为最佳胚尖离体再生基因型,其分化频率为90.86%,诱导15 d后外植体平均不定芽数为4.65个,不定芽平均长度为1.38 cm。     

灵发素（LFS）在甘蔗组培中的应用

探讨LFS在甘蔗组培快繁中的作用与使用前景。以新台糖22号茎尖或其组培继代苗为试验材料,以MS为基本培养基,分别添加不同浓度的LFS,并以6-BA为诱导丛生芽及增殖对照,NAA为诱导生根对照,然后按常规方法进行诱导茎尖分化丛生芽及其增殖和生根等培养。结果显示:①LFS比6-BA显著减轻茎尖褐化,提高茎尖成活率,促进其分化丛生芽和增殖,并提高苗的质量。诱导茎尖分化丛生芽培养基中LFS的适宜浓度为2.5～3.0 mg/L;继代增殖的适宜浓度为3.0～5.0 mg/L,培养3代后,增殖倍数8.76倍,略高于CK的8.53倍,且苗长势旺,黄叶少;②LFS可诱导不定根的发生,适宜浓度在2.0～4.0 mg/L,发根率≥90%。表明LFS在甘蔗组培效果优于传统使用的6-BA,具有良好的应用前景。     

蝴蝶兰丛生芽途径的组织培养技术

对蝴蝶兰丛生芽途径的组织培养进行研究,结果表明,不经过愈伤组织直接诱导丛生芽的过程中,6-BA是影响蝴蝶兰丛生芽诱导的重要因素,6-BA浓度达3.0mg/L以上时丛生芽的诱导率就可达100%;在丛生芽增殖过程中,6-BA8.0mg/L处理效果最好,丛生芽增殖率可达304%;6-BA8.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L的处理更能促进蝴蝶兰丛生芽的增殖效果,丛生芽增殖率可达506%;生根培养基组合MS+NAA0.5mg/L+10%椰子汁的生根效果较好。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象,采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究,并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带,其中有37条多态带,多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果,在遗传距离为0.35时,12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类,第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体;第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体;第3类为浙江、广东种源个体;第4类为江西、福建种源个体;第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。