基因替换及多基因共表达强化大肠杆菌辅酶Q10的合成能力

为了强化大肠杆菌合成辅酶Q10（CoQ10）的能力,对大肠杆菌进行了相关的基因操作。通过敲除大肠杆菌染色体上的聚八异戊二烯焦磷酸合成酶基因ispB,并导入来自Gluconobactersuboxydans的聚十异戊二烯焦磷酸合成酶基因ddsA,使大肠杆菌具有CoQ10合成能力的同时降低了内源性辅酶Q8（CoQ8）的合成。采用双质粒共表达系统,对CoQ生物合成途径中多个功能基因进行了强化表达,构建得到的重组大肠杆菌CoQ的合成能力、CoQ10合成的专一性都有明显改善,其中ubiCA和ddsA基因的协同表达效果最为明显,CoQ的合成能力比对照提高了65%,而CoQ10的合成量也提高了1.1倍。     

ubiCA基因的强化表达及对大肠杆菌辅酶Q生物合成的影响

为调查大肠杆菌高产辅酶Q(CoQ)的可能性,首先研究大肠杆菌生物合成关键基因ubiCA强化表达对大肠杆菌CoQ产量的影响。本文构建了含有ubiCA基因的5个表达质粒,将其分别转入E.coli JM 83或BL 21(DE 3)菌株中,定量分析这些转化子的辅酶Q产量。结果表明ubiCA基因在ubiC自身启动子(pub iCA-lacZF)介导下的表达最有效,重组菌CoQ产量达到对照的3.5倍,由此推测ubiCA基因的表达可能与其启动子序列有关。     

氧化葡萄糖杆菌ddsA基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

聚十异戊烯焦磷酸合成酶催化异戊烯二磷酸与丙烯基二磷酸发生连续的综合反应生成聚十异戊烯焦磷酸，构成辅酶Q10的侧链。将氧化葡糖杆菌（Gluconobacter oxydans）的染色体DNA用EcoRI酶切，回收50kb左右的片段为模板，通过PCR扩增得到了聚十异戊烯焦磷酸合成酶基因（ddsA）。测序分析表明该基因有一个951bp的开放型阅读框架，氨基酸序列与其他聚戊烯焦磷酸合成酶具有高度同源性（30％－50％）。将ddsA基因克隆到pUC19载体上得到pUC－GZH表达质粒，将其转入大肠杆菌JM83宿主，经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白，在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS－PAGE）的37ku处出现相应的条带。     

yigP——大肠杆菌生长所必需的基因

yigP基因在大肠杆菌基因组上位于辅酶Q生物合成相关基因ubiE和ubiB之间,3者构成一个操纵子。利用温敏质粒pMAK705系统敲除大肠杆菌基因组上的yigP基因后,发现二次重组子内的温敏质粒无法通过高温培养丢失,即染色体上的yigP基因被敲除后,必须依靠质粒上完整的yigP基因才能存活;通过功能回补yigP基因的表...     

链霉菌辅酶Q9生物合成基因sdsA的鉴定

聚异戊二烯焦磷酸合成酶基因在4个不同种的链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), Streptomyces maritimus, Streptomyces mycarofaciens ATCC 21454和Streptomyces sp.Tü4128)中分别被克隆.测序结果显示:4个聚异戊二烯焦磷酸合成酶基因均编码336个氨基酸的肽链,4条肽链之间的序列有97%的同源性.将4个不同的聚异戊二烯焦磷酸合成酶基因分别导入大肠杆菌中进行异源表达,有辅酶Q9产生.将4个基因分别导入八聚异戊二烯焦磷酸合成酶(IspB)缺陷的大肠杆菌KO229(ΔispB)中证明它们有替代ispB基因的功能,并且在大肠杆菌中合成辅酶Q9.     

辅酶Q10合成途径的研究进展

本文简要回顾了国内外辅酶Q10的研究历程,对辅酶Q10合成途径的发展及三种生物合成途径的优缺点进行了简要讨论,并对辅酶Q10合成技术的改进提出了几点建议.     

一种合成辅酶Q10的改进法

 以辅酶Q0为原料经还原、溴代、氯甲醚保护合成了1,4-二甲氧基甲醚基-2,3-二甲氧基-5-溴甲苯,再在催化量的碘化亚铜催化下高收率地实现了1,4-二甲氧基甲醚基-2,3-二甲氧基-5-溴甲苯的格氏试剂与癸异戊二烯基溴的偶联,然后水解、氧化合成了辅酶Q10,首次实现了母体格氏试剂与侧链偶联合成辅酶Q10.     

产丁醇大肠杆菌工程菌的构建

【目的】为了在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中导入改良的丁醇合成途径,使非生产菌株大肠杆菌具备产丁醇的能力。【方法】克隆大肠杆菌乙酰转移酶基因atoB和丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutylicum)丁醇合成途径关键酶基因(crt、hbd、adhE),构建多顺反子表达质粒pSE380-atoB-adhE-crt-hbd;克隆齿垢密螺旋体(Treponema denticola)反式烯酰辅酶A还原酶基因ter,构建表达质粒pSTV29-ter,并将双质粒导入到大肠杆菌。【结果】构建的工程菌能半厌氧发酵产微量丁醇,产量为0.08g/L。【结论】大肠杆菌中的丁醇合成途径导入成功,构建了产丁醇的大肠杆菌工程菌。     

大肠杆菌丁醇生产菌的构建及检测

用合成生物学和代谢工程技术,筛选并克隆丁醇合成途径中酶活性较高的atoB,hbd,crt,ter,adhE2等5个关键酶基因,先通过重组PCR构建pUC18-ato B-hbd-crt-ter质粒,再将串联基因atoB-hbd-crt-ter和基因adhE2克隆至质粒pET-21b中,构建含丁醇合成途径的表达载体p ET-21b-ato B-hbd-crt-ter-adh E2,将其转入大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中制备工程菌株.对样品进行IPTG诱导表达检测与色谱分析的结果表明,已合成出关键酶蛋白并产生一定量的丁醇.     

发酵法生产辅酶Q10研究进展

辅酶Q10是一种重要的生化药物,主要生产方法有直接提取法、化学合成法与微生物发酵法,其中,微生物发酵法是最有前途的生产方法.该文综述了微生物发酵生产辅酶Q10的研究进展,内容包括辅酶Q10的生产菌种、高产菌株的选育手段、发酵培养基与发酵条件对辅酶Q10发酵的影响.     

Direct role of the himA gene product in phage lambda integration

The integration of phage lambda into the Escherichia coli chromosome is accomplished by a site-specific recombination between two unique DNA sequences (attB on the bacterial genome and attP on the phage; reviewed in refs 2, 3) and requires proteins encoded by both the bacterium and the phage. Genetic and biochemical studies have shown that bacterial strains mutant in the himA gene, located at 38 min on the E. coli map, are defective in the activity of the host-encoded component. They are, moreover, defective for the growth of bacteriophage Mu, for precise excision of transposable antibiotic resistance determinants and for the synthesis of the lambda int gene product. We now show that the himA gene product (phimA) is not solely a regulator of genes involved in integration but is one of two host polypeptides required for integrative recombination.     

抑制大肠杆菌粘多糖荚膜合成的相关基因的筛选

大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)通过二信号传导体系RcsC-RcsB能够激活cps(capsule polysaccharide synthesis)基因群,在细胞表面形成一层粘性的保护性荚膜,使大肠杆菌具有较强的致病性。本文通过将基因组文库导入大肠杆菌,筛选到了名为acnA的基因,它编码合成乌头酸酶,在细胞内三羧酸循环和乙醛酸循环代谢中起关键作用,多拷贝的acnA能有效地抑制cps基因群的表达。     

The structure of one of the eight or more distinct chromosomal genes for human interferon-alpha

The 12 interferon (IFN)-related sequences detected in a human gene bank fall into not less than eight distinct classes, indicating that there are at least eight IFN-related genes. Most, if not all, of these direct the synthesis of an IFN in Escherichia coli. The sequence of one chromosomal gene and its flanking regions was identical to that deduced for the cDNA corresponding to IFN-alpha l mRNA. No evidence was found for the existence of an intron, in either the coding or the non-coding segments of the gene.     

A common regulatory region shared by divergently transcribed genes of the Escherichia coli SOS system

The Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) is implicated in DNA replication, recombination and repair. On the chromosome, the ssb gene is located adjacent to the excision repair gene uvrA, but the two genes are transcribed in opposite directions. uvrA has been shown to be part of the E. coli SOS system by introducing Mud(Ap, lac) insertions distal to the regulatory region of the gene in the chromosome. Recent investigations suggest that SSB is also involved in the SOS response. However, because the SSB protein is essential to the cell, the inducibility of the ssb gene cannot be investigated by the insertion method. Therefore, we used plasmids harbouring the regulatory region of ssb fused to the galK structural gene, while leaving an intact ssb gene in the chromosome. We show here that expression of the ssb gene is dependent on two promoters of which one is damage inducible. Evidence is presented that the divergently transcribed ssb and uvrA genes are controlled by a common LexA binding site.     

大肠杆菌aroG基因在枯草杆菌中的分泌表达

为了对大肠杆菌中由ａｒｏＧ基因编码的３－脱氧－Ｄ－阿拉伯庚酮糖酸－７－磷酸合成酶（ＤＡＨＰ合成酶）进行结构与功能的深入研究,尝试了ａｒｏＧ基因在枯草杆菌中的表达。表达载体以ｐＵＢ１１０为骨架,采用了枯草杆菌热激蛋白ｇｒｏＥＳＬ基因的启动子,碱性蛋白酶ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓｉｎ基因的信号肽和Ｎ－乙酰胞壁酸－Ｌ－丙氨酸酰胺酶ｃｗｌＨＢ基因的转录终止子,将ａｒｏＧ基因在枯草杆菌ＷＢ６００宿主菌中进行了分泌表达     

Accurate multiplex gene synthesis from programmable DNA microchips

Testing the many hypotheses from genomics and systems biology experiments demands accurate and cost-effective gene and genome synthesis. Here we describe a microchip-based technology for multiplex gene synthesis. Pools of thousands of 'construction' oligonucleotides and tagged complementary 'selection' oligonucleotides are synthesized on photo-programmable microfluidic chips, released, amplified and selected by hybridization to reduce synthesis errors ninefold. A one-step polymerase assembly multiplexing reaction assembles these into multiple genes. This technology enabled us to synthesize all 21 genes that encode the proteins of the Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunit, and to optimize their translation efficiency in vitro through alteration of codon bias. This is a significant step towards the synthesis of ribosomes in vitro and should have utility for synthetic biology in general.     

Coenzyme Q is an obligatory cofactor for uncoupling protein function

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are thought to be intricately controlled uncouplers that are responsible for the futile dissipation of mitochondrial chemiosmotic gradients, producing heat rather than ATP. They occur in many animal and plant cells and form a subfamily of the mitochondrial carrier family. Physiological uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation must be strongly regulated to avoid deterioration of the energy supply and cell death, which is caused by toxic uncouplers. However, an H+ transporting uncoupling function is well established only for UCP1 from brown adipose tissue, and the regulation of UCP1 by fatty acids, nucleotides and pH remains controversial. The failure of UCP1 expressed in Escherichia coli inclusion bodies to carry out fatty-acid-dependent H+ transport activity inclusion bodies made us seek a native UCP cofactor. Here we report the identification of coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) as such a cofactor. On addition of CoQ10 to reconstituted UCP1 from inclusion bodies, fatty-acid-dependent H+ transport reached the same rate as with native UCP1. The H+ transport was highly sensitive to purine nucleotides, and activated only by oxidized but not reduced CoQ. H+ transport of native UCP1 correlated with the endogenous CoQ content.     

大肠杆菌莽草酸生物合成途径的基因操作

为了调查大肠杆菌中相关基因的遗传操作对莽草酸途径和莽草酸积累的影响,利用温度敏感型质粒敲除了大肠杆菌JM83染色体DNA上编码莽草酸激酶的aroL基因,获得了该基因缺陷株JDL02;同时从大肠杆菌JM83染色体中分别克隆了aroG、ppsA和tktA3个基因,构建了多个表达质粒导入JDL02,得到了一系列重组菌。摇瓶发酵显示aroG基因的作用最为明显,各重组菌莽草酸产量均有不同程度的提高;在等生物量情况下,JDL02/pTrc-aroG-tktA的莽草酸产量是JM83的18.35倍,其摇瓶产量为94.33 mg/L。     

Parallel evolution of virulence in pathogenic Escherichia coli

The mechanisms underlying the evolution and emergence of new bacterial pathogens are not well understood. To elucidate the evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, here we sequenced seven housekeeping genes to build a phylogenetic tree and trace the history of the acquisition of virulence genes. Compatibility analysis indicates that more than 70% of the informative sites agree with a single phylogeny, suggesting that recombination has not completely obscured the remnants of ancestral chromosomes. On the basis of the rate of synonymous substitution for E. coli and Salmonella enterica (4.7 x 10(-9) per site per year), the radiation of clones began about 9 million years ago and the highly virulent pathogen responsible for epidemics of food poisoning, E. coli O157:H7, separated from a common ancestor of E. coli K-12 as long as 4.5 million years ago. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that old lineages of E. coli have acquired the same virulence factors in parallel, including a pathogenicity island involved in intestinal adhesion, a plasmid-borne haemolysin, and phage-encoded Shiga toxins. Such parallel evolution indicates that natural selection has favoured an ordered acquisition of genes and the progressive build-up of molecular mechanisms that increase virulence.