大学生饮酒行为及动因研究

了解大学生的饮酒行为，饮酒动机与心理，探讨它们之间的相互关系，为干预问题饮酒，开展以学校为中心的社区预防工作提供必要的资料和依据。方法：采用不记名问卷对４４８名大学生进行了饮酒状况。支机与心理以及对饮酒危害性认识等方面的调查研究，结果男生的饮酒率为９２．９０％，女生饮酒率为８６．８２％，男女饮酒行为类型，饮酒情境和饮酒种类之间均有高度显著性差异；第一次饮酒动机主要是好奇心、家人同意和朋友劝；生活压     

Youth smoking risk and community patterns of alcohol availability and control: a national multilevel study

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test whether college youth smoking risks are independently associated with community patterns of alcohol availability and control. DESIGN: Hierarchical multilevel multivariable modelling of cross sectional survey data. Outcomes included self reported current (past 30 day) cigarette smoking and heavy episodic (binge) drinking. SETTING: 120 nationally representative US colleges. PARTICIPANTS: 10 924 randomly selected students. MAIN RESULTS: Individual risks for smoking and binge drinking are independently associated with community patterns of alcohol availability, policy enforcement and control over and above individual perceptions about these factors, student and college characteristics, and school binge drinking rates. Youth exposed to high levels of alcohol availability are at higher risk of smoking (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.75, 7.44) and binge drinking (OR 4.22, 95% CI 2.25, 7.93) than youth not so exposed; youth exposed to strongly enforced alcohol policy environments are at lower risk for smoking (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16, 0.57) and binge drinking (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.10, 0.31) than youth not so exposed; youth exposed to communities with strong parental controls are at lower risk for smoking (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01, 0.23) and binge drinking (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.21) than youth not so exposed. Individual risks related to environmental exposures differ for youth with varying perceptions about alcohol availability and policy control. CONCLUSIONS: Drinking environments in US college communities comprise strong independent risks for smoking. Smoking prevention models should be tested that include environmental drinking prevention strategies tailored to underlying perceptions and experiences of college youth.     

“That’s What ‘College Experience’ is”: Exploring Cultural Narratives and Descriptive Norms College Students Construct for Legitimizing Alcohol Use

Among the many health issues relevant to college students, overconsumption of alcohol remains a prevalent concern. Circumscribing the drinking habits occurring on campuses are innumerable social norms furthering popular beliefs that alcohol is an inherent part of college life. This case study examines how students encounter, interpret and express the social norms they conceive as constituting their campus culture. Through triangulating ethnographic practices with in-depth interviews, we utilize a narrative lens to explore how students construct meanings and values for alcohol’s roles in campus life. Our findings demonstrate how students validate uses of alcohol by coupling its presence with stress, social enhancement, peer responsibility and identity. Moreover, interviewees expressed there being subcultural differences between younger and older students’ discourse around alcohol use. We draw from these observations to offer suggestions for engaging students actively in campus interventions that give rise to voices excluded from commonly construed social norms.     

Spirituality and social support on health behaviors of african american undergraduates

OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of spirituality and perceived social support as protective factors for preventing health-compromising behaviors among African American college students. METHODS: Two hundred eleven African American college students completed a spirituality, perceived social support, and health behavior questionnaire. RESULTS: Low spiritual well-being significantly increased the odds of smoking and alcohol use. Low perceived parental support increased the odds of alcohol use whereas low perceived support from friends decreased the odds of alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: Spirituality and perceived social support may serve as protective factors for smoking and alcohol use among African American college students.     

Targeting young drinkers online: the effectiveness of a web-based brief alcohol intervention in reducing heavy drinking among college students: study protocol of a two-arm parallel group randomized controlled trial

Background  

The prevalence of heavy drinking among college students and its associated health related consequences highlights an urgent need for alcohol prevention programs targeting 18 to 24 year olds. Nevertheless, current alcohol prevention programs in the Netherlands pay surprisingly little attention to the drinking patterns of this specific age group. The study described in this protocol will test the effectiveness of a web-based brief alcohol intervention that is aimed at reducing alcohol use among heavy drinking college students aged 18 to 24 years old.     

Purging and alcohol-related effects in college women

OBJECTIVE: Previous research indicates that college students who purge are more likely to consume alcohol in an unhealthy manner. The current study replicates and extends a previous study but employs a much larger, national sample. This study addresses 2 questions: (a) Are 18-24-year-old college women who purge more likely to engage in high-risk alcohol behavior? (b) Are 18-24-year-old alcohol-drinking college women who purge more likely to report greater negative consequences of alcohol use. METHOD: 47,202 U.S. students completed the National College Health Assessment during Spring 2004. Alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences were compared in purging and nonpurging groups. RESULTS: Respondents who purged reported heavier alcohol use and more negative consequences. CONCLUSION: The current study expands previous research regarding the association between purging behaviors and consequences of alcohol use. Further research is necessary to elucidate the most effective prevention and treatment programs.     

南阳市大学生痤疮患病情况及影响因素研究

目的 了解南阳市大学生痤疮患病情况及影响因素,为痤疮的预防提供科学依据。方法 采用多级整群随机抽样方法,对南阳市大学生进行问卷调查,内容包括一般情况、痤疮患病情况及影响因素等。结果 痤疮总患病率为67.68%,其中男性患病率为66.90%,女性患病率为68.36%;单因素分析显示:痤疮与便秘[OR=2.901,95%CI(1.593,5.282)]、化妆品的使用[OR=1.676,95%CI(1.050,2.676)]、油性皮肤[OR=1.750,95%CI(1.311,2.335)]、阳性家族史[OR=1.502,95%CI(1.165,1.937)]、精神紧张[OR=2.362,95%CI(1.469,3.799)]、烟酒[OR=1.845,95%CI(1.321,2.575)]、喜食甜食[OR=1.346,95%CI(1.038,1.745)]或油腻食物[OR=1.389,95%CI(1.092,1.767)]有统计学意义(P≤0.05),logistic回归分析发现,便秘、油性皮肤、精神紧张、烟酒与痤疮有统计学意义。结论 痤疮是南阳市大学生的常见病,受多种因素影响,针对患病情况及影响因素,开展健康教育工作。     

Moving Beyond Drinking to Have a Good Time: a Person-Centered Approach to Identifying Reason Typologies in Legal-Aged College Student Drinkers

Alcohol use, reasons for use, and consequences of use continue to be a major concern in college student populations. This is especially true for students of legal drinking age who may experience different reasons for and greater negative consequences of alcohol use than students under 21 years old. Although multiple studies have used person-centered approaches to understand motivations for and ultimately prevent alcohol use, few have identified multiple typologies of reasons for alcohol use. The current study used latent class analysis to identify homogeneous subtypes of reasons for alcohol use and how classification was associated with alcohol-related consequences in college students aged 21 years old and older (N?=?2300) from the 2013 Indiana College Substance Use Survey. Four profiles of reasons for alcohol use emerged across males and females: social drinkers, feel good drinkers, relaxed escaping drinkers, and emotion coping drinkers. Although the likelihood of consequences differed across gender, the emotion coping drinkers were more likely to experience all negative consequences, suggesting that it was a high-risk class. In general, this pattern of risk continued with the feel good drinkers and female relaxed escaping drinkers. These results can help optimize college substance use prevention and intervention efforts to (1) identify and understand characteristics of high- and low-risk student drinkers and (2) tailor the content of interventions to those specific profiles resulting in more effective approaches to reducing alcohol use.     

Reducing drinking and related harms in college: evaluation of the "A Matter of Degree" program

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of a multisite environmental prevention initiative, the "A Matter of Degree" (AMOD) program, on student heavy alcohol consumption and resultant harms at ten colleges. METHODS: A quasi-experimental longitudinal analysis of alcohol consumption and harms was employed, using repeated cross-sectional survey data from the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study (CAS). Areas examined included seven measures of alcohol consumption, thirteen measures of alcohol-related harms, and eight measures of secondhand effects of alcohol use by others. Comparisons were conducted on self-reported behavior of students for the ten AMOD sites in aggregate and by level of program implementation, with students at 32 comparison colleges in the CAS, for each outcome. RESULTS: No statistically significant change was found in the overall ten-school AMOD program for outcome measures of interest from baseline (1997) to follow-up (2001). However, there was variation in the degree of environmental program development within AMOD during the intervention period. A pattern of statistically significant decreases in alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms, and secondhand effects was observed, reflecting minor to more substantial changes across measures among students at the five program colleges that most closely implemented the AMOD model of environmental change. No similar pattern was observed for the low implementation sites or at 32 comparison colleges. CONCLUSIONS: While there was no change in the ten AMOD schools in study measures, significant although small improvements in alcohol consumption and related harms at colleges were observed among students at the five AMOD sites that most closely implemented the environmental model. Fidelity to a program model conceptualized around changing alcohol-related policies, marketing, and promotions may reduce college student alcohol consumption and related harms. Further research is needed over the full course of the AMOD program to identify critical intervention components and elucidate pathways by which effects are realized.     

Alcohol and marijuana use among college students: economic complements or substitutes?

Previous research has shown that the recent tightening of college alcohol policies has been effective at reducing college students' drinking. Over the period in which these stricter alcohol policies have been put in place, marijuana use among college students has increased. This raises the question of whether current policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption are inadvertently encouraging marijuana use. This paper begins to address this question by investigating the relationship between the demands for alcohol and marijuana for college students using data from the 1993, 1997 and 1999 waves of the Harvard School of Public Health's College Alcohol Study (CAS). We find that alcohol and marijuana are economic complements and that policies that increase the full price of alcohol decrease participation in marijuana use.     

Pre-college Matriculation Risk Profiles and Alcohol Consumption Patterns During the First Semesters of College

Excessive alcohol consumption represents a significant concern on U.S. college campuses, and there is a need to identify students who may be at risk for engaging in risky alcohol use. The current study examined how variables measured prior to college matriculation, specifically alcohol-related decision-making variables drawn from the Theory of Reasoned Action (i.e., alcohol expectancies, attitudes, and normative beliefs), were associated with patterns of alcohol use prior to and throughout the first semesters of college. Participants were 392 undergraduate students (56 % female) from a large Northeastern U.S. university. Decision-making variables were assessed prior to college matriculation, and alcohol use was measured with five assessments before and throughout freshman and sophomore semesters. Latent profile analysis was used to identify types of students with distinct patterns of decision-making variables. These decision-making profiles were subsequently linked to distinct patterns of alcohol use using latent transition analysis. Four distinct decision-making profiles were found and were labeled “Anti-Drinking,” “Unfavorable,” “Mixed,” and “Risky.” Five drinking patterns were observed and included participants who reported consistently low, moderate, or high rates of alcohol use. Two patterns described low or non-drinking at the pre-college baseline with drinking escalation during the measurement period. Students’ likelihood of following the various drinking patterns varied according to their decision-making. Findings suggest the early identification of at-risk students may be improved by assessing decision-making variables in addition to alcohol use. The findings also have implications for the design of early identification assessments to identify at-risk college students and for the targeting of alcohol prevention efforts to students based on their alcohol-related attitudes and beliefs.     

Social distance, perceived drinking by peers, and alcohol use by college students

Many colleges in the United States are employing social norms marketing campaigns with the goal of reducing college students' alcohol use by correcting misperceptions about their peers' alcohol use. Although the typical message used in these campaigns describes the quantity and frequency of alcohol use by the average student on campus, many students may find such a vague comparison to others to be socially irrelevant. This study compares the relative weight of perceptions about alcohol use by distant versus proximate peers in the prediction of college students' personal drinking behavior. The results of analyzing data collected from a sample of college students at a large public northeastern university (N=276) show that, as hypothesized, perceived alcohol use by proximate peers (best friends and friends) was a stronger predictor of students' personal alcohol use than perceived alcohol use by more distant peers (such as students in general), controlling for other strong predictors of alcohol use by college students (age, gender, race, off-campus residency, and sensation-seeking tendencies). The implications of these findings for the design of more effective social norms messages are discussed.     

The European Health and Behaviour Survey: rationale, methods and initial results from the United Kingdom.

The aim of this study was to assess a wide range of health-related behaviours, beliefs concerning the importance of behaviours for health, and health knowledge, using a standardized protocol suitable for translation and administration in different countries of Europe. An inventory was developed from previous literature for the assessment of substance use, positive health practices, diet and eating habits, driving behaviour and preventive health care, beliefs concerning the importance of 25 activities for health, and knowledge about the influence of seven factors (including smoking, alcohol and diet) on major diseases. The first phase of the study involved administration of the inventory to approximately 200 male and 200 female university students aged 18-30 in 20 European countries. This report concerns data collected from 419 students in the U.K., together with analyses of short-term response stability. The inventory showed adequate short-term stability. Sex differences were observed in a number of behaviours, including consumption of fats and cholesterol, salt and fibre, dieting, exercise, sun-protection, driving speed, regular dental check-ups, frequency of brushing teeth, access to doctor and blood pressure measurement. Beliefs about the importance of behaviours for health were closely associated with the occurrence or frequency of the behaviours both within and between health behaviour categories. Little relationship was observed between health behaviour and awareness of the role of these same factors in disease. Important gaps in health knowledge were identified. Data concerning the frequency of health-related behaviours is crucial to the planning of health education and primary prevention programmes. The close association between beliefs and behaviour emphasises the importance of cognitive factors, while health knowledge appears to play a less direct role.     

武汉市大学生结核病防控知信行现状及防控行为相关因素分析

  目的  了解武汉市大学生结核病防控知识、态度及行为现状与结核病防控行为形成的因素,为分类开展结核病防控健康教育提供参考依据。  方法  参照中国疾病预防控制中心设计的《大学生结核病防控知信行问卷调查表》,采用判断抽样法抽取武汉市22所大专院校,通过问卷星平台对15 272名大学生进行问卷调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析结核病防控行为形成的影响因素。  结果  大学生结核病防控知信行总知晓率为79.69%,其中核心知识知晓率为79.28%,及格率为92.46%;正确态度持有率为89.69%,及格率为90.56%;正确行为形成率为72.11%,及格率为96.62%。单因素分析显示,不同性别、年级、父亲学历、母亲学历、患者接触史、结核病史、核心知识知晓和态度认知情况大学生防控行为形成及格率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为91.83,10.28,137.46,103.49,16.50,47.37,1 992.54,1 138.22,P值均＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.86), 父亲学历为小学、初中、高中、大专或本科生(OR值分别为2.94,3.05,3.17,3.24),无结核病史(OR=3.32),核心知识知晓及格(OR=9.91),态度持有得分及格(OR=7.35)均与大学生结核病防控行为呈正性相关(P值均＜0.05)。  结论  大学生结核病防控知信行总知晓率尚未达标且不够全面,性别、有无结核病史、防控核心知识知晓率、态度持有情况以及父亲学历是大学生结核病防控行为的主要影响因素。     

2008年烟台市部分高等学校大学生饮酒情况调查

[目的]了解大学生饮酒相关情况,为制订有针对性的饮酒行为干预措施提供依据。[方法]2008年5～6月,对烟台市部分高等学校的大学生进行问卷调查。[结果]调查498人,饮酒者385人,饮酒率为77．31％。饮酒者中,醉酒率为58．44％,饮酒成瘾率为0．80％,因酒误事率为14．26％,24．50％因饮酒造成很大经济负担;首次饮酒年龄为（15．76±0．41）岁,首次饮酒的原因为朋友劝饮和家人许可的分别占43．41％、31．59％。[结论]大学生饮酒率较高,有待形成正确的饮酒观念和行为。     

上海市大学生使用烟草和酒精等成瘾物质状况

目的 了解上海市大学生使用烟草、酒精等成瘾物质的现状。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取7所大学1765名学生，用中国疾病预防控制中心提供的《中国城市青少年健康危险行为监测问卷（大学）》进行无记名调查。结果 不同年级和性别学生使用烟草、酒精的差异有显著意义，目前吸烟与目前饮酒二变量呈正相‰logistic多因素分层分析显示，父亲高学历是保护因素，男性和高年级相对女性和低年级及赌博是危险因素。结论 上海市大学生使用烟草、酒精等成瘾物质报告率高于本地中学生，但低于其他国内外的有关报道。应把开展以学校为基础的生活技能训练作为主要预防干预措施。     

2008年烟台市部分高等学校大学生饮酒行为及其相关因素调查

[目的]了解烟台市大学生饮酒行为及其影响因素,为制定有针对性的饮酒行为干预措施提供依据。[方法]2008年,对烟台市3所高等学校的862名大学生进行问卷调查。[结果]调查862人,饮酒率为68．45％,男女生分别为85．09％、55．98％（P〈0.01）。饮酒者中,45．93％首次饮酒年龄低于18岁,首次饮酒的原因是朋友劝饮的占41.19％;饮酒首选啤酒的占68．98％;在家庭聚会和同学朋友聚会时饮酒的分别占73．22％、66．95％;醉酒率为54．41％,其中3．90％经常醉酒;17．97％因酒误过事,其中没完成学习任务占52．83％。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果,男生、吸烟者、月平均生活费用高、酒相关知识认知度高、对饮酒持积极期望是大学生饮酒的危险因素,父母反对其饮酒、父母不饮酒是大学生饮酒的保护因素,OR值分别为3．559、1．664、3．931、1．615、15．677、0．435、0．547。[结论]烟台市大学生饮酒行为较为普遍。男生、吸烟者、月平均生活费用高、酒相关知识认知度高、对饮酒持积极期望、父母支持其饮酒、父母双方都饮酒的大学生饮酒行为较多。     

Posttraumatic Stress and Problem Drinking at the Transition Out of College

The objective of the present study was to examine how symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may confer drinking risk as students with trauma histories complete college and move toward independent adulthood. Students (N = 283) completed assessments of trauma, posttraumatic stress, and alcohol use and consequences at four time points during the year following their fourth year of college. Some students had transitioned out of the college environment, whereas others had not. We examined how transition status moderated within-person associations between changes in PTSD and corresponding changes in alcohol outcomes over time. Using multilevel modeling, we examined differences in within-person PTSD-alcohol associations comparing students who were (1) continuing as fifth-year seniors, (2) graduated and pursuing graduate education, and (3) graduated and left the university setting. Alcohol use and consequences tended to decline on average from the fourth to fifth year post-matriculation. Yet, within-person increases in posttraumatic stress symptomatology across the fifth year were associated with greater alcohol consequences, but only for those students who had left the university setting. These data suggest that the transition out of college may be an important developmental context that is associated with increased vulnerability for negative consequences from stress-related drinking. Findings may have important implications for campus-based prevention efforts geared toward the facilitation of a successful transition into independent adulthood.     

Who's driving? college students' choices of transportation home after drinking

Legal and educational interventions have not had a significant impact in reducing alcohol use among college students. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency at which students placed themselves “at-risk” for alcohol-related traffic fatalities, either by driving while alcohol impaired or riding with an alcohol-impaired driver. On a given weekend night, 18% (n = 60) of students surveyed placed themselves at risk of being involved in an alcohol-related traffic fatality. Two-thirds of the “at-risk” subjects reported returning home with an alcohol-impaired driver. Recommendations are made for strengthening prevention efforts.     

Factors Associated with the Stages of Alcohol Use Among Inner City School Youth

ABSTRACT: This study explored stages of alcohol acquisition and risk factors associated with stages based on the Multi-Component Motivational Stages model. Two hundred fifty-four sixth-eighth grade students from an urban school completed a confidential questionnaire. Most students were in a precontemplation stage (86%), preparation stage (6%), or action stage (5%) for alcohol use. Significant differences were found across stage status on 11 of 22 risk factors. Discriminant analysis results indicated alcohol use, perceived prevalence of alcohol consumption, and intentions to drink in the future successfully discriminated youth in action and preparation stages from those in precontemplation and contemplation stages. Meanwhile, tobacco use discriminated students in preparation and action stages. Multiple regression analysis showed alcohol use was the most powerful predictor of acquisition stage status, followed by intentions, influenceability, and perceived severity of alcohol use. Implications for school-aged youth alcohol use prevention are discussed.