荧光分光光度法测定痕量核酸——基于核酸与表掊儿茶素掊酸酯-铜(Ⅱ)配合物之间的荧光增强反应

试验表明:在pH 4.35～4.45的缓冲介质中,由于核酸与表掊儿茶素棓酸酯-铜(Ⅱ)配合物之间的相互反应导致配合物所发射的荧光强度明显增加,且在激发波长330 nm和发射波长659 nm处测得的荧光增强程度与核酸浓度之间呈线性关系,据此提出了荧光光度法测定核酸的方法.在选定的最佳条件下,测得对小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)、鱼精DNA(fsDNA)及酵母RNA(yRNA)的线性范围依次为0.3～10.0 mg·L-1,0.4～4.8 mg·L-1及0.4～30.0 mg·L-1,其检出限(3S/K)依次为0.22,0.15,0.14 mg·L-1,加入3种不同浓度的ctDNA、fsDNA及yRNA标准溶液作回收试验,测得回收率在97.0%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)等于小于2.0%.     

荧光光度法快速测定辛硫磷残留量

在pH 6.6的磷酸二氢钾-磷酸氢二钠缓冲溶液中,达旦黄(TY)与一定浓度的吐温-80发生荧光增强反应,当在该体系中加入辛硫磷农药后,在激发波长412 nm,发射波长460 nm处荧光强度明显降低,且降低程度与辛硫磷的加入量呈线性关系,方法的线性范围在0.72 mg.L-1以内,检出限(3S/N)为0.031 mg.L-1。据此建立了测定辛硫磷残留量的方法,该方法用于小米和土壤中辛硫磷残留测定,两者的平均回收率依次为93.5%和97.7%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为1.7%和2.6%。     

荧光光谱法测定有机磷农药残留量

在pH 6.0的磷酸二氢钾-磷酸氢二钠缓冲溶液中,一定浓度的溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)与曙红(EY)反应,使其荧光强度剧增,当在EY-CTMAB中加入有机磷农药后,溶液在激发波长316 nm,发射波长550 nm处体系的荧光强度明显降低,且降低程度与有机磷农药的加入量呈线性关系。在优化的试验条件下,线性范围为0.024～0.56 mg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.03 mg.L-1。该方法已用于小米和土壤中有机磷农药残留总量的检测,回收率在90.4%～100.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=11)在2.61%～4.14%。     

荧光光度法测定水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的研究

基于在碱性条件下,吐温-20对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMPT)的荧光强度有增强作用,建立了用荧光分光光度法测定环境水样中DMPT的方法。此荧光反应的激发和发射波长为eλx/eλm=282/369 nm,DMPT的检出限是0.01 mg.L-1,线性范围为0.02~7.0 mg.L-1,回收率在96.7%~106.5%之间。测定结果的RSD(n=7)为2.7%。     

一种新的分子内电荷转移荧光探针测定牛血清白蛋白

基于一种新的分子内电荷转移荧光探针1-酮-2-(对二甲氨基苯亚甲基)-四氢萘(简称KDTN)与牛血清白蛋白的结合反应,提出了测定牛血清白蛋白的荧光分光光度法.在激发波长λex)为430 nm,最大发射波长(λem)为530 nm及选定的试验条件下,测定牛血清白蛋白的线性范围为6.8～204.0 mg·L-1,线性回归方程△F=0.583 6.ρ-1.791 7,相关系数为0.999 1,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.4 mg·L-1,样品的加标回收率为99.9%～102.0%.     

荧光光度法测定环境水样中镁的含量——基于与邻菲啰啉生成络合物而产生的荧光增敏作用

在pH 10.0的缓冲介质中,以235 nm和360 nm为发射波长测定时,邻菲啰啉试剂的荧光因与镁(Ⅱ)反应生成了络合物而得到增敏,其增敏的程度(△F)与镁(Ⅱ)的质量浓度之间在0.1～2.0 mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系.此反应的检出限(3s/b)为0.038 mg·L-1.应用此方法测定了3种不同来源的水样中镁的含量,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%～1.6%之间.在此样品的基础上用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在98%～103%之间.     

迷迭香酸的CdTe量子点荧光探针同步荧光法测定

基于迷迭香酸对CdTe量子点荧光的猝灭效应,建立了一种高灵敏度的测定微量迷迭香酸的同步荧光法.在pH 5.7的缓冲溶液中,当固定波长差为210 nm时,CdTe量子点的同步荧光最大发射波长位于320 nm.在最佳实验条件下,迷迭香酸质量浓度在0.36 ～11.52 mg·L-1(1.00×10-6 ～3.20×10-5 mol/L)范围与CdTe量子点的同步荧光强度存在良好的线性关系.其线性回归方程为I0F/IF=0.931 7+0.128 9 ρ(mg·L-1),相关系数r=0.998 2,检出限为0.16 mg·L-1.10次重复测定2.16 mg·L-1 的迷迭香酸,相对标准偏差为2.8%.同时对其同步荧光猝灭机理进行了探讨.     

罗丹明6G荧光猝灭法测定农产品中痕量铁

在稀硫酸溶液中,铁(Ⅲ)与碘化钾反应生成游离碘(以络阴离I-,3 状态存在).所释出的I-,3与罗丹明6G反应生成离子缔合络合物,导致罗丹明 6G 的荧光猝灭.在激发波长 483 nm 及发射波长 551 nm 处测定空白试液及含铁试样溶液的荧光强度F,o及F,s并算得荧光猝灭强度△F.试验结果表明:铁(Ⅲ)的质量浓度在 0.01～0.40 mg·L-1范围内与其相应的荧光猝灭值△F 之问呈线性关系,并测得其检出限(S/N=3)为 0.005 mg·L-1.应用此方法测定了3种农产品试样中的含铁量,并以此试样为基体加入铁(Ⅲ)标准溶液测定了方法的回收率在 95.7%～99.3%之间.     

铽-洛美沙星体系的荧光性质研究及应用

在pH 6.0~6.5的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,铽(Ⅲ)与洛美沙星生成具有荧光特性的络合物,其激发波长在330 nm处,发射波长在546 nm处,相对荧光强度与洛美沙星质量浓度之间,在0.01~0.43 mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0.001 mg.L-1。方法应用于洛美沙星胶囊中含量的测定,测得回收率在96.5%~102.0%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.5%~2.1%之间。     

酸性铬蓝K分光光度法测定氯霉素

在pH 9.66的Tris-盐酸缓冲溶液中,氯霉素与酸性铬蓝K反应形成具有正吸收和负吸收的离子缔合物,最大正吸收波长为498nm,最大负吸收波长为594nm,线性范围分别在3.2mg.L-1(正吸收)、3.9 mg.L-1(负吸收)以内,表观摩尔吸光率分别为5.93×104L.mol-1.cm-1(正吸收)、2.32×105L.mol-1.cm-1(负吸收),据此建立了测定氯霉素含量的分光光度法。方法用于氯霉素注射液及滴眼液中氯霉素的测定,回收率在98.9%～101.2%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.8%～1.2%之间。     

"Alpha"-, "beta"- and "delta"-anhydrodigitoxigenin

The syntheses of 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-14, 20:22-dienolide (= «β»-anhydro-), 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-8:14, 20:22-dienolide (= «α»-anhydro-) and «δ»-anhydro-digitoxigenin (= probably 3β-hydroxy-5β, 14β-carda-8, 20:22-dienolide) by the best ways known to date, have been described. «δ»-Anhydro-digitoxigenin represents the thermodynamically most stable isomer. In this isomer the double bond in position 8 is unaffected by hydrogenation with Pt in acetic acid; with perbenzoic acid an epoxide results from which, on hydrogenation, the double bond can be regenerated in its original position. Analogous reactions are known to occur in the 8:14-epoxides.     

化“材”为“筑”

Chemistry is a central, practical and creative discipline. The development of chemistry plays an important role in the progress of science and society, as well as the improvement of the quality of human life. This paper introduces the chemical knowledge of stone, concrete, glass and other inorganic nonmetallic building materials by the anthropomorphically story. Taking nanomaterials as an example, the prospect of building materials development in the future is put forward.     

Making "wheels" and "cubes" from triangles

[Mn(IV)Mn(II)3] triangular units directed by the presence of tripodal alcohols self-assemble in the presence of azide and acetate ligands to form either a [Mn24] "wheel" or a [Mn32] "cube".     

"Turn-on" fluorescent sensing with "reactive" probes

Chemical probes are valuable tools for the investigation of biochemical processes, diagnosis of disease markers, detection of hazardous compounds, and other purposes. Therefore, the development of chemical probes continues to grow through various approaches with different disciplines and design strategies. Fluorescent probes have received much attention because they are sensitive and easy-to-operate, in general. To realize desired selectivity toward a given analyte, the recognition site of a fluorescent probe is designed in such a way to maximize the binding interactions, usually through weak molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, toward the analyte over other competing ones. In addition to such a supramolecular approach, the development of fluorescent probes that sense analytes through chemical reactions has witnessed its usefulness for achieving high selectivity, in many cases, superior to that obtainable by the supramolecular approach. Creative incorporations of the reactive groups to latent fluorophores have provided novel chemical probes for various analytes. In this feature article, we overview the recent progress in the development of turn-on fluorescent probes that are operating through chemical reactions triggered by target analytes. Various chemical reactions have been implemented in the development of many reactive probes with very high selectivity and sensitivity toward target analytes. A major emphasis has been focused on the type of chemical reactions utilized, with the hope that further explorations can be made with new chemical reactions to develop reactive probes useful for various applications.     

"Clickable" polymersomes

Polymersomes, composed of amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA), with the periphery being covered with azide groups, were used for further functionalization using "click" chemistry.