热处理对高体积分数SiCp/Cu热膨胀性能的影响

采用挤压铸造法制备了SiC颗粒体积分数分别为50%、55%和60%的SiCp/Cu复合材料,并分析测试了体积分数和热处理状态对复合材料热膨胀性能的影响规律。显微组织观察表明:复合材料的组织致密,SiC颗粒分布均匀。热膨胀性能测试表明:铸态复合材料的平均线热膨胀系数(20～100℃)介于8.8～9.9×10-6/℃之间,且随SiC含量的增加而降低,实验值与Kerner模型预测值相符。退火处理可以减小基体中的热残余应力,有助于降低复合材料的热膨胀系数,退火态复合材料的热膨胀系数实验值与Turner模型预测值相符。     

热处理对ZK60复合材料热膨胀行为的影响

通过粉末冶金法制备ND+Mg_2B_2O_(5w)/ZK60复合材料,将所得复合材料以挤压比12∶1进行挤压,而后分别对挤压态的复合材料进行时效、淬火及退火热处理。首先,对这3种热处理态的复合材料进行循环数为10次的热循环试验(温度范围30~400℃,升温速率为5℃/min);然后,利用热膨胀仪研究热处理对该复合材料热膨胀行为的影响。结果表明,淬火态复合材料应变锯齿化现象最小,时效态次之,退火态最为明显,且3种热处理态的应变锯齿化现象均小于挤压态。此外,挤压态复合材料的热循环滞后环闭合程度也略差于3种热处理态的复合材料,且热膨胀系数大于热处理态复合材料。     

SiC颗粒混杂对M40/ZM6复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用压力浸渗法制备单向M40+SiCp/ZM6复合材料。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、拉伸试验机和热膨胀仪等分析测试手段研究了SiC颗粒混杂对复合材料微观组织、力学性能及热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明,SiC与ZM6发生界面反应,生成羽毛状的NdSi2界面反应物,提高界面润湿性。SiC颗粒混杂可以提高复合材料力学性能,使复合材料纵向热膨胀系数升高,横向热膨胀系数降低。用文中提出的热膨胀系数计算方法,可以准确计算单向碳纤维与SiC颗粒混杂增强复合材料在20~150℃范围内的平均热膨胀系数。     

淬火处理对Cu-Al合金热膨胀性能的影响

利用膨胀仪测试了Cu-Al合金在25～700℃的热膨胀系数,探讨了淬火处理对Cu-Al合金热膨胀性能的影响.结果表明:淬火处理能改变Cu-Al合金的热膨胀系数,Cu-Al合金淬火处理后的热膨胀系数在290～408℃时小于铸态Cu-Al合金的热膨胀系数.其余温度区间均大于铸态Cu-Al合金的热膨胀系数.     

界面改性对SiCf/Cu基复合材料热膨胀性能的影响

研究了SiCf/Cu基复合材料分别在有无Ti6Al4V界面改性涂层两种情况下的纵向热膨胀行为,并采用扫描电镜对热循环后的试样进行显微形貌观察。结果表明,界面结合强度对纤维增强金属基复合材料的纵向热膨胀行为有很大影响。对于没有Ti6Al4V涂层的复合材料,其热膨胀行为不稳定,在经历连续两次热循环后,其纵向均表现为正的残余应变,原因是基体发生了严重的界面脱粘、滑移和膨胀;而对于有Ti6Al4V涂层的复合材料,其纵向热膨胀系数明显减小,两次热循环后其尺寸保持稳定,纤维/基体界面结合也保持稳定。     

Cf/Mg复合材料热膨胀系数及其计算

利用热膨胀仪测定压力浸渗法制各的单向碳纤维增强镁复合材料在20～300℃区间的平均热膨胀系数,讨论热处理工艺、碳纤维弹性模量、基体合金种类等因素对连续纤维增强镁基复合材料热膨胀系数的影响.结果表明,可以通过退火处理降低复合材料的热膨胀系数.同时,选择高模量石墨纤维或选择低屈服强度基体合金都可以获得低热膨胀系数的复合材料.对计算复合材料横向热膨胀系数的理论公式进行改进,与实验测试值比较,理论计算值更加接近实际测试值.提出计算层合板结构复合材料二维平面内热膨胀系数的模型,计算出不同铺层方式下层合板复合材料的热膨胀系数,结果表明当层合板采用[0/±15/±30/±45/±60/±75/90]s的铺层方式时,复合材料热膨胀系数基本达到各向同性.     

2D Cf／Mg-2．0Re-0．2Zr复合材料的尺寸稳定性

采用压力浸渗法制备碳纤维织物(2D Cf)及单向碳纤维(1D Cf)增强镁合金复合材料,测试丁两种复合材料在50-350℃范围内的热膨胀行为.结果表明,2D Cf/镁合金复合材料(简称2D)平面内不同方向的平均热膨胀系数均随温度升高不断降低.从50到350℃,0°/90°方向的甲均热膨胀系数由4.03×10-6℃-1降至1.83×10-6℃-1;45°方向的平均热膨胀系数由4.53×10-6℃-1降至2.31×10-6℃-1.根据推导公式可以准确计算2D增强复合材料20-150℃范围内0°/90°方向的平均热膨胀系数.20～150℃热循环测试结果表明,2D复合材料具有较好的尺寸稳定性,在热循环过程中存在应变滞后现象,其残余塑性变形主要是基体合金在热应力作用下产生的塑性变形,并且从第2次热循环起,复合材料在热循环中产生的净应变不随热循环次数增加而变化.     

不同凝固压力条件下A356-10%SiC复合材料的微观组织及性能

通过搅拌法制备A356?10%10SiC复合材料,并分别在0.1(重力条件)、25、50和75 MPa压力条件下进行该复合材料的直接挤压铸造成形,研究了铸态和 T6热处理后复合材料的微观组织及力学性能。结果表明：随着挤压力的增大,铸件的增强颗粒?孔洞团簇缺陷减少,并改善了增强颗粒与基体间的结合强度,拉伸强度、硬度和热膨胀系数增加。与铸态复合材料相比,T6热处理后复合材料的抗拉强度和硬度增大而热膨胀系数减小;在重力条件下凝固的复合材料断口处存在增强颗粒?孔洞团簇缺陷,而在挤压力下凝固的复合材料断口未观察到该缺陷,断口特征表明两者存在不同的断裂机制。     

热处理及SiC_p表面改性对60SiC_p/6061复合材料性能的影响

采用直接电热法真空触变成形工艺制备体积分数为60%的SiC_p增强6061铝基复合材料,研究了固溶-时效处理对复合材料抗弯强度及硬度等力学性能的影响,探讨了SiC_p表面改性对复合材料微观组织和热膨胀性能的影响。研究表明,复合材料在530℃×11h固溶、175℃×15h时效工艺下,获得最高的硬度和抗弯强度;高温氧化和搅拌酸洗能使SiC_p尖角产生钝化,提高增强颗粒在基体中分布的均匀性,使SiC_p与铝基界面结合得到改善,孔隙率减少,抗弯强度提高,热膨胀系数提高,且酸洗态性能优于相应氧化态性能。     

Ti45Al8.5Nb0.2W0.2B0.02Y合金热暴露组织及疲劳性能研究

在大气环境下,对Ti45Al8.5Nb0.2W0.2B0.02Y等温锻造合金分别在700℃进行1 000、3 000和5 000 h,900℃进行了100、500和1 000 h热暴露处理。采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了热暴露对合金组织稳定性的影响,并进行了氧化性能和疲劳性能测试。结果发现,该合金等温锻造后为典型的双态组织,经过700℃×5 000 h和900℃×1 000 h热暴露处理后,在α_2+γ层片晶团内α_2层片通过α_2→γ相变发生了一定平行分解,使层片细化,有利于提高该合金的疲劳强度。在700℃和900℃条件下,初始氧化速度均较快,相对而言700℃抗氧化能力较好。热暴露处理后,合金的室温疲劳强度均较原始状态有所提高,疲劳行为相对比较稳定。     

Thermal Expansion of Carbon Nanofiber-Reinforced Multiscale Polymer Composites

Improved dimensional stability of composites is desired in applications where they are exposed to varying temperature conditions. The current study aims at analyzing the effect of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on the thermal expansion behavior of epoxy matrix composites and hollow particle-filled composites (syntactic foams). CNFs have a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than epoxy resin, which results in composites with increased dimensional stability as the CNF content is increased. The experimental measurements show that with 10?wt.% CNF, the composite has about 11.6% lower CTE than the matrix resin. In CNF-reinforced syntactic foams, the CTE of the composite decreases with increasing wall thickness and volume fraction of hollow particle inclusions. With respect to neat epoxy resin, a maximum decrease of 38.4% is also observed in the CNF/syntactic foams with microballoon inclusions that range from 15?vol.% to 50?vol.% in all composite mixtures. The experimental results for CNF/syntactic foam are in agreement with a modified version of Kerner??s model. A combination of hollow microparticles and nanofibers has resulted in the ability to tailor the thermal expansion of the composite over a wide range.     

Thermal expansion behaviour of squeeze-cast aluminium matrix composites reinforced with PAN- and Pitch-based carbon fibres

Aluminium composites reinforced with the PAN- and pitch-based short carbon fibres were fabricated by squeeze casting, then the thermal expansion behaviour of the composites was investigated. Optical microscopy revealed that the fibres were in a random arrangement on the plane parallel to the pressed plane during the melt infiltration process. TEM observation and hardness test revealed that the PAN-based fibre bonds strongly with the aluminium matrix while the pitch-based fibre bonds poorly. The difference in the bonding strength affected the thermal strain response; the heating and cooling curve approximately traced the same paths during the heating-cooling cycles for the PAN-based fibre composite, while the curve did not trace the same path for the pitch-based fibre composite. The fibre-reinforcement decreased the coefficient of the thermal expansion (CTE) of matrices in the direction parallel to the pressed plane. For example, the CTE of the pure aluminium and its composite at 333 K were 23.0 and 19.0 × 10^?6/K, respectively.     

预制体对C／C复合材料热膨胀系数的影响

以天然气为前驱气体,整体碳毡和2D针刺碳毡为预制体,采用热悌度化学气相渗积技术制备了两种C／C复合材料,其表观密度均为1．74g／cm^3。借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了热解碳基体的生长特征和微观形貌,采用热膨胀仪测量了两种材料的热膨胀系数（CTE）,研究了由不同预制体增强C／C复合材料的CTE,解释了造成材料不同方向CTE差异的主要原因。结果表明,随着温度升高,材料A和B的CTE是逐渐升高的,且Z向CTE值均大于XY向。当两种材料在Z向的纤维体积分数接近时,随着XY方向纤维体积分数增大,材料在Z向的CTE增大,在XY向的CTE降低,两种材料存XY和Z向的CTE旱如下分布：αB—z〉dAz〉αA—xy〉αBxY-C／C复合材料的CTE主要取决于纤维体积分数和排市、碳基体及材料中的孔隙分布情况,前者起决定作用。     

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE THERMAL EXPANSION BEHAVIOR OF SiC WHISKER REINFORCED ALUMINUM COMPOSITE

1. IntroductionHigh specific stiffness and strength, good fatigue properties and tribological propertiesmake SiC whisker reinforcement aluminum composite as attractive class of candidates formany applications such as aerospace and electronic industries[1--2]. As structural componellts with temperature variable the materials used must have good performance includingnot only high mechalilcal properties, but also lower and stable coefficients of thermal expansion. Therefore, it is very important…     

WC_p/2024Al复合材料热学性能研究

利用粉末冶金法制备了WC颗粒体积分数分别为8%、11.8%、16.7%的WCp/2024Al复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜、热膨胀分析仪、热导率测试仪等多种手段研究不同WC体积分数、挤压比和热处理对复合材料热膨胀系数（CTE）、热导率和微观结构的影响。结果表明：复合材料的热膨胀系数随WC体积分数的增大而明显降低,随挤压比的增大而提高,经过T4态热处理后,复合材料内应力的降低和第三相的析出导致其热膨胀系数降低,热膨胀系数的实测值与kermer模型的计算值相近。复合材料的热导率随WC体积分数的增大而降低。     

Thermal expansion and dimensional stability of unidirectional and orthogonal fabric M40/AZ91D composites

Unidirectional (60%, volume fraction) and orthogonal (50%, volume fraction) M40 graphite fibre reinforced AZ91D magnesium alloy matrix composites were fabricated by pressure infiltration method. The coefficients of thermal expansion (in the temperature range of 20-350 ℃) and dimensional stability (in the temperature range of 20-150 ℃) of the composites and the corresponding AZ91D magnesium alloy matrix were measured. The results show that coefficients of thermal expansion of the composites in longitudinal direction decrease with elevating temperature. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) for unidirectional M40/AZ91D composites and orthogonal M40/AZ91D composites are 1.24×10-6 ℃-1 and 5.71×10-6 ℃-1 at 20 ℃, and 0.85×10-6 ℃-1 and 2.75×10-6 ℃-1 at 350 ℃, respectively, much lower than those of the AZ91D alloy matrix. Thermal cycling testing demonstrates that the thermal stress plays an important role on residual deformation. Thus, a better dimensional stability is obtained for the AZ91D magnesium alloy matrix composites. More extreme strain hysteresis and residual plastic deformation are observed in orthogonally fabric M40 reinforced AZ91D composite, but its net residual strain after each cycle is similar to that of the unidirectional M40/AZ91D composite.     

残余应力对W-Cu复合材料导热性能的影响

用熔渗法制备的W-Cu复合材料在小批量生产时，发现熔渗结束后样品的热导率数据分散不稳定，受熔渗时摆放位置的影响很大。将熔渗结束后的样品退火，采取不同的方式冷却。用X射线衍射法测量其残余应力，用热脉冲法测量其热导率，研究了残余应力对材料导热性能的影响。结果表明：随冷却速度的加快，残余应力值增大，热导率降低。钨和铜的热膨胀系数相差较大，从高温冷到室温时两相收缩程度不一样，冷却速度过快时，在界面处产生残余应力，使材料的热导率降低。分析了残余应力对材料导热性能的影响及机制。     

Thermal expansion behaviour of aluminium/SiC composites with bimodal particle distributions

The thermal response and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of aluminium matrix composites having high volume fractions of SiC particulate have been investigated. The composites were produced by infiltrating liquid aluminium into preforms made either from a single particle size, or by mixing and packing SiC particulate of two largely different average diameters (170 and 16 μm, respectively). The experimental results for composites with a single particle size indicate that the hysteresis in the thermal strain response curves is proportional to the square root of the particle surface area per unit volume of metal matrix, in agreement with current theories. Instead, no simple relationship is found between the hysteresis and any of the system parameters for composites with bimodal particle distributions. On the other hand, the overall CTE is shown to be mainly determined by the composite compactness or total particle volume fraction; neither the particle average size nor the particle size distribution seem to affect the overall CTE. This result is in full agreement with published numerical results obtained from finite element analyses of the effective CTE of aluminum matrix composites. Our results also indicate that the CTE varies with particle volume fraction at a pace higher than predicted by theory.     

Fe3O4颗粒对硼酸铝晶须增强铝复合材料热膨胀行为的影响

硼酸铝晶须增强铝复合材料中加入Fe3O4颗粒可以降低该复合材料的热膨胀系数．研究认为复合材料中Fe3O4颗粒在制备过程中部分被氧化，在热膨胀测试过程中被氧化的Fe3O4又被还原，其体积将变小，基体铝的膨胀受到限制，相当于具有负膨胀系数性质，从而起到了降低复合材料热膨胀系数的作用．结合复合材料中Fe3O4磁场热重曲线分析，阐述了颗粒的残余应力在热循环中的变化情况．