良性前列腺增生患者尿动力学及逼尿肌超微结构的相关性研究

目的 探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者尿动力学检查与膀胱逼尿肌超微结构的关系.方法 BPH组患者43例,平均年龄(69.5±6.0)岁;无膀胱出口梗阻的其他疾病患者21例为对照组,平均年龄(65.4±7.2)岁.2组患者均行尿动力学检查,透射电镜观察膀胱逼尿肌超微结构.比较2组患者尿动力学检查及逼尿肌超微结构情况.结果 BPH组和对照组患者国际前列腺症状评分分别为(21.1±3.0)和(7.6土1.4)分,P<0.01;最大尿流率分别为(7.7±1.3)和(14.9±2.3)ml/s,P<0.01;最大尿流率时逼尿肌收缩压分别为(60.1±11.o)和(48.7±7.1)cm H2o(1 cm HzO=0.098 kPa),P<0.05;梗阻系数分别为44.8±9.9和19.0±5.9,P<0.01;膀胱逼尿肌细胞线粒体相对密度分别为0.81±0.24和1.03±0.11,P<0.05;膀胱逼尿肌细胞间隙分别为(19.4±4.8)和(14.1±2.0)nm,P<0.05.结论 BPH患者逼尿肌细胞线粒体水肿、相对密度减低,是导致逼尿肌收缩力减弱的原因之一;同时由于细胞间隙增宽,导致逼尿肌收缩速度减慢或不协调,引起膀胱协调收缩力下降.     

经超声逼尿肌厚度测定在无创诊断女性膀胱出口梗阻中的应用

目的 探讨经超声逼尿肌厚度测定在女性膀胱出口梗阻诊断中的应用价值.方法 93例伴有LUTS的女性患者,行压力流率测定过程中,当膀胱容量为250 ml或最大膀胱容量的50％时,应用7.5 MHz高频线纵超声探头测定膀胱前壁逼尿肌厚度.以Qmax≤12 ml/s以及最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力≥25 cm H2O(1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa)作为诊断女性膀胱出口梗阻的标准,将患者分为梗阻及非梗阻两组,比较两组年龄、尿动力学参数及逼尿肌厚度的差异.应用相对工作特征曲线评价逼尿肌厚度测定作为诊断工具的价值. 结果 梗阻组42例,非梗阻组51例.两组年龄分别为(61.2±8.3)、(59.9±7.7)岁(P=0.44),最大膀胱灌注容量分别为(292.2±82.3)、(308.1±87.5)ml(P =0.37),组间比较差异均无统计学意义;两组最大逼尿肌压力[(43.1±11.2)、(16.2±7.1)cm H2O,P=0.00]、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力[(34.3±8.2)、(13.1±7.8)cm H2O,P=0.00]、Qmax[(7.4±3.2)、(17.4±4.1)ml/s,P=0.00]、排尿量[(157.1±63.7)、(251.2±77.4)ml,P=0.00]、残余尿量[(117.5±71.3)、(37.7±18.1)ml,P=0.00]及逼尿肌厚度[(1.8±0.3)、(1.4±0.2)mm,P =0.00]比较差异均有统计学意义.当临界值≥1.9 mm时,特异性和阳性预测值均为100％,敏感性为38％,阴性预测值为62％.其曲线下面积为0.88±0.06. 结论 经超声逼尿肌厚度测定诊断女性膀胱出口梗阻具有无创、方便、可靠的特点.当临界值≥1.9 mm时,具有较高的特异度和阳性预测值,在一定程度上可取代压力流率测定.     

儿童和青少年神经原性膀胱合并上尿路扩张的尿动力学特点分析

目的 探讨儿童和青少年神经原性膀胱合并上尿路扩张的尿动力学特点.方法 回顾性分析54例神经原性膀胱合并上尿路扩张患儿尿动力学检查资料,依据肾积水分级标准分为3组:Ⅰ组19例(Grignon 1级)、Ⅱ组18例(Grignon 2～3级)、Ⅲ组17例(Grignon 4～5级).51例无合并上尿路扩张神经原性膀胱患儿作为对照组.结果 上尿路扩张3组膀胱顺应性分别为(15.9±12.2)、(6.0±3.4)和(6.0±3.0)ml/cm H2O,显著低于对照组(27.9±19.7)ml/cm H2O;逼尿肌漏尿点压分别为(33±18)、(54±19)和(67±27)cm H2O,显著高于对照组(21±12)cm H2O;逼尿肌无收缩发生率分别为74%(14/19)、72%(13/18)和71%(12/17),显著高于对照组41%(21/51),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);同时,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组膀胱顺应性显著低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),逼尿肌漏尿点压显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05).存在逼尿肌主动收缩患儿中合并上尿路扩张最大逼尿肌收缩压(98±42)cm H2O,最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力(81±41)cm H2O,A/G比值60±41,均显著高于对照组[(67±19)cm H2O,(52±17)cm H2O,28±25,均为(P＜0.05)].尿动力学危险分数与神经原性膀胱上尿路形态呈正相关(rs=0.561).结论 选择应用尿动力学参数可以有效预测神经原性膀胱患儿发生上尿路扩张的可能性.     

利用膀胱黏膜肠浆肌层膀胱扩大术的尿动力学评价

目的　评价利用膀胱黏膜双层小肠浆肌层膀胱扩大术后的尿动力学表现。　方法　 2 5例逼尿肌反射亢进型神经性膀胱患者行利用膀胱黏膜的小肠浆肌层膀胱扩大术。男 16例 ,女 9例。年龄 4～ 14岁。 2 1例获随访 6～ 2 4个月。手术前后行IVU、尿动力学检查及临床评价。　结果　手术后膀胱容量 (2 4 2 .6 2± 6 0 .0 4 )ml、膀胱顺应性 (8.10± 3.0 0 )ml/cmH2 O(1cmH2 O =0 .0 98kPa)、最大尿流率 (7.6 0± 2 .90 )ml/s均较术前 [分别为 (14 2 .14± 4 5 .88)ml、(3.2 6± 1.5 7)ml/cmH2 O、(3.0 0± 1.0 0 )ml/s]增加 ,逼尿肌压力降低 [术前 (5 2 .0 0± 14 .11)cmH2 O、术后 (33.33± 15 .39)cmH2 O],剩余尿 /膀胱容量较术前减小 (术前 0 .33± 0 .11、术后 0 .16± 0 .10 ) ,P均 <0 .0 1。逼尿肌括约肌不协调和尿道闭合压无改变 ,无抑制收缩减轻。 7例恢复尿意 ,9例输尿管返流减轻。　结论　利用膀胱黏膜的双层肠浆肌层膀胱扩大术可增加膀胱容量及顺应性 ,降低逼尿肌压 ,减轻逼尿肌反射亢进的程度。逼尿肌括约肌不协调、逼尿肌反射亢进、尿道闭合压低是影响临床结果的主要因素。     

糖尿病膀胱尿动力学及逼尿肌功能改变的相关性研究

目的探讨糖尿病膀胱尿动力学变化与逼尿肌功能改变之间的相关性。方法回顾性分析70例糖尿病患者尿动力学检查结果,将患者分为早期组(病史<8年〉和进展期组(病史>12年),分别测定初尿意的膀胱容量、最大膀胱容量、最大自由尿流率、PQmax、剩余尿量。并结合2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠与正常大鼠的离体逼尿肌肌条实验,分析实验鼠发病6周和18周的逼尿肌兴奋性、最大收缩力和平均收缩力变化。结果临床资料显示29例(41%)表现为低顺应性膀胱,28例(40%)膀胱感觉减退,30例(43%)排尿期逼尿肌压力减退,22例(31%)剩余尿量超过150ml,10例(14%)逼尿肌不稳定,6例(9%)不能自行排尿。患者膀胱灌注过程中产生初尿意的灌注容量(203.25±107.53)ml(125~630ml),最大膀胱容量(428.09±227.89)ml(220~1350ml)。最大自由尿流率(10.70±3.27)ml/min,剩余尿量(100.57±108.08)ml,早期组患者产生初尿意的膀胱容量增加为(151.67±24.07)ml,进展期患者初尿意的膀胱容量增加为(268.16±13.90)ml,最大膀胱容量(592.97±252.51)ml,最大自由尿流率(8.61±2.04)ml/min,PQmax(33.16±19.81)cmH2O(1cmH2O=0.098kPa),剩余尿增加至(169.03±137.25)ml。动物实验发现T2DM大鼠逼尿肌的张力阈值为(0.72±0.33)g,显著高于对照组(0.32±0.18)g,F=59.63,P<0.0001;最大逼尿肌收缩力T2DM组(0.08±0.04)g,较对照组(0.11±0.05)g降低(F=7.47,P<0.01);平均收缩力T2DM组(0.06±0.02)g,较对照组(0.07±0.03)g明显降低(F=5.71,P<0.05)。随着实验动物发病时间延长,T2DM大鼠逼尿肌张力阈值呈现增高趋势,而逼尿肌最大及平均收缩力均降低。结论根据临床及动物实验结果推测,早期糖尿病患者膀胱感觉减退可能是逼尿肌兴奋性降低的缘故。进展期膀胱感觉进一步减退、最大膀胱容量显著增大、最大自由尿流率降低、排尿期最大尿流时的逼尿肌压力降低、剩余尿量显著增多等一系列尿动力学改变,可能是在逼尿肌兴奋性改变的基础上出现逼尿肌收缩力降低的结果。     

膀胱出口部分梗阻对逼尿肌生物力学特性的影响

目的 探讨膀胱出口部分梗阻(P-BOO)对膀胱逼尿肌生物力学特性的影响及机制.方法 采用Wistar雄性大鼠,膀胱颈不全结扎法建立P-BOO动物模型.依据梗阻时间分为假手术组、梗阻6周组(P-B006W)及梗阻12周组(P-B0012W),其中P-B006W组根据充盈性膀胱测压所示逼尿肌是否稳定分为逼尿肌稳定组(DS)和逼尿肌不稳定组(DI).采用灌流肌槽,以拟胆碱药物(氯化氨基甲酰胆碱)作为刺激因素,用拉力传感器测定离体逼尿肌条的主动收缩功能.充盈性膀胱测压检测最大膀胱容量、膀胱漏尿点压及膀胱顺应性的变化.结果P-BOO模型均成功建立,DI组最大膀胱容量、膀胱漏尿点压、膀胱顺应性[(10.8±3.0)ml,(39.4±7.1)cm H20,(0.27±0.08)ml/cm H20]、DS组[(10.3±1.9)ml,(35.9±6.2)cm H2O,(0.29±0.05)ml/cm H2O]及P-B0012W组[(9.5±2.3)ml,(48.6±9.5)cm H20,(0.21±0.05)ml/cm H2O]均明显高于假手术组[(2.1±0.3)ml,(16.2±2.1)cm H2O,(0.13±0.03)ml/cm H2O],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).DI组逼尿肌条拟胆碱药物刺激产生的收缩力显著低于假手术组和DS组.P-B0012W组逼尿肌条均未检测到明确的收缩波(波幅＜0.05 g).结论 P-BOO后膀胱逼尿肌生物力学特性发生了改变:DI组逼尿肌收缩功能受损,DS组发生代偿,但如果梗阻未解除,则逼尿肌收缩性损害,最终导致不可逆的收缩功能丧失;梗阻后膀胱顺应性增大与膀胱容积显著增加密切相关,逼尿肌稳定性对其影响不显著.     

女性盆底器官脱垂伴尿失禁患者的尿动力学特征

目的 探讨女性盆底器官脱垂伴尿失禁患者膀胱储尿期和排尿期的尿动力学参数变化. 方法对182例女性尿失禁和盆底器官脱垂患者进行尿动力学检查,其中尿失禁140例,尿失禁伴盆底器官脱垂42例.在统一标准下行尿动力学检查测定膀胱灌注量、排尿量、膀胱顺应性、最大尿流率、最大尿流率逼尿肌压、最小尿流率逼尿肌压、尿道阻力因子(URA)、膀胱梗阻指数(OBI)以及归-化逼尿肌收缩力,评价女性尿失禁患者盆底器官脱垂对膀胱储尿功能和排尿功能的影响. 结果 尿失禁组与尿失禁伴盆底器官脱垂组患者尿失禁病程[(58.1±75.4)与(41.9±55.4)个月]、膀胱灌注量[(295.3±95.8)与(276.5±80.8)ml]、膀胱顺应性[(77.7±122.1)与(51.5±61.9)ml/cm H2O]、最大尿流率[(15.8±12.5)与(14.7±13.9)ml/s]、最小尿流率逼尿肌压[(3.2±5.8)与(2.8±5.5)ml/cm H2O]、归-化逼尿肌收缩力[(7.5±12.8)与(8.2±13.8)cm H2O]相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而年龄[(58.7±12.2)与(67.1±8.3)岁]、排尿量[(269.2±145.2)与(248.9±135.1)ml]、最大尿流率逼尿肌压[(20.4±16.2)与(25.7±21.3)cm H2O]、URA[(11.3±9.5与(14.8±12.6)cm H2O]、OBI[(15.6±14.5)与(21.7±20.1)cm H2O]2组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论高龄女性尿失禁患者更可能伴有盆底器官脱垂,而盆底器官脱垂对膀胱储尿功能无影响,但可影响排尿期相关参数,增加膀胱出口阻力和膀胱残余尿量.     

老年男性下尿路症状伴逼尿肌过度活动患者临床及尿动力学特点分析

目的 探讨老年男性下尿路症状伴逼尿肌过度活动(DO)患者临床和尿动力学特点.方法 中重度下尿路症状老年男性患者227例,根据尿动力学检查将患者分为2组,DO组126例,无DO组101例,对2组患者前列腺体积、PSA、尿流率、残余尿、IPSS和尿动力学参数进行比较.结果 2组患者年龄分别为(71.1±8.9)和(66.3±9.4)岁,DO组高于无DO组(P＜0.05);年龄校正后,2组患者前列腺体积分别为(44.3±18.3)和(46.9±17.5)ml,PSA(2.6±1.5)和(2.9±1.3)ng/ml,最大尿流率(同时用排尿量校正)(6.6±4.3)和(8.1±4.9)ml/s,残余尿为(132.5±114.6)和(142.l±129.7)ml,2组间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).尿动力学检查,2组患者膀胱初感觉分别为(105.0±42.4)和(130.6±50.5)ml,膀胱顺应值(25.4±14.3)和(36.7±14.3)ml/cm H2O,最大膀胱容量(262.8±106.7)和(349.1±75.8)ml,单次排尿量(130.3±89.4)和(208±101.4)ml,最大逼尿肌收缩压(66.9±38.1)和(53.3±24.1)cm H2O,LinPURR 3.1±1.7和2.4±1.6,2组间各项指标差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 高龄、严重膀胱出口梗阻患者易出现DO;中重度下尿路症状患者,非侵入性临床参数无法判断患者是否存在DO;DO患者尿动力特点为膀胱敏感性增加、顺应性下降、最大逼尿肌收缩压增高、膀胱功能容量减少和单次排尿量减少.     

良性前列腺增生患者残余尿量与膀胱出口梗阻和逼尿肌收缩力的相关性研究

目的:探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者残余尿量(VRU)与膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)程度和逼尿肌收缩力的相关性。方法:临床诊断为BPH的患者152例,均行B超检查测量前列腺体积(PV)和膀胱VRU,自由尿流率检测,全套尿动力学检查评估BOO程度和逼尿肌收缩力。采用SPSS 20.0统计软件,对B超和尿动力学参数行相关性分析,两样本均数比较采用t检验,定义P0.05有统计学意义。结果:PV与BOO程度和逼尿肌收缩力有正相关性(相关系数r=0.432和r=0.343,P0.01)。最大尿流率(Qmax)与BOO程度负相关(r=-0.327,P0.01),而与逼尿肌收缩力无显著相关性(r=0.123,P0.05)。VRU≤150 ml时,VRU与逼尿肌收缩力间无显著相关性(r=0.041,P0.05);当VRU150 ml时,VRU与逼尿肌收缩力有显著负相关性(r=-0.490,P0.01);VRU300 ml时,该相关性尤为明显(r=-0.717,P0.01)。结论:VRU对逼尿肌功能有一定预测价值。VRU150 ml者应重视逼尿肌功能的评估,尤其是VRU300 ml时,建议行尿动力学检查以正确评估BOO程度和逼尿肌收缩力。     

脑血管意外尿失禁的机制探讨

目的探讨脑血管意外引起尿失禁的可能机制。方法对42例诊断为脑血管意外伴有尿失禁的患者进行尿动力学检查(包括静止期尿道压测定、充盈期及排尿期膀胱尿道功能测定)并按Burney分类进行分析,同时研究病变部位、脑血管意外性质和病变半球侧与尿动力学的关系。结果42例脑血管意外患者中,表现为逼尿肌反射亢进者31例(73.8%):其中外括约肌无抑制性松弛19例(45.2%),逼尿肌-外括约肌不协调3例(7.1%),逼尿肌-外括约肌协调9例(21.4%);逼尿肌反射减低,外括约肌协调者11例(26.2%);无逼尿肌功能正常者。发生膀胱顺应性减低5例(11.9%),发生尿感缺失者11例(26.2%)。初感尿容量(140.00±46.97)ml;膀胱最大容量(293.20±60.71)ml;最大尿道闭合压(65.14±19.83)cmH2O。逼尿肌最大收缩力(Pdetmax)为(60.98±31.11)cmH2O;最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力(Pdet-Qmax)为(35.98±17.46)cmH2O;逼尿肌收缩时间(Tcon)为(86.07±36.09)sec;最大流量(Qmax)为(9.02±5.62)ml/s。中风后尿失禁患者其发病部位多见于基底节、皮层多灶以及额顶叶,脑出血与脑梗塞患者的尿动力学表现无明显差异,左右半球病变对尿动力学也无明显差异。结论脑血管意外后尿失禁的尿动力学异常主要为逼尿肌反射亢进,部分出现逼尿肌反射减弱,但感觉正常,感觉缺失者较少见;外括约肌功能以无抑制性松弛为主,其次为逼尿肌-外括约肌协调,少数出现不协调;较少出现膀胱顺应性降低。     

BPH伴糖尿病患者尿动力学检测的临床意义

目的：探讨糖尿病对BPH患者逼尿肌功能改变的影响。方法：对37例BPH伴糖尿病患者（糖尿病组）和46例单纯性BPH患者（对照组）进行尿动力学检测，并比较两组检测结果。结果：糖尿病组和对照组比较，最大膀胱压测定容积、膀胱顺应值、膀胱出口梗阻、比例、排尿期最大逼尿肌压力及排尿后剩余尿量差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）；糖尿病组膀胱感觉减退、不稳定膀胱及顺应性增加比例与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：出现下尿路症状伴有糖尿病的BPH患者，膀胱逼尿肌受损较单纯性BPH患者更显著；尿动力学检查对患者能否行手术治疗及预测术后效果具有重要的参考价值。     

早期糖尿病膀胱尿动力学及cajal样细胞的变化和意义

目的：观察早期糖尿病在膀胱尿动力学和cajal样细胞上的病理学改变,探讨其发生机制及病理演绎过程。方法：建立早期糖尿病豚鼠模型40只（病变组）,以正常豚鼠20只作对照（对照组）,饲养10周后行膀胱最大收缩压、漏尿点压等尿动力学指标测定。然后将两组豚鼠膀胱制作成冷冻切片行免疫荧光染色及激光共聚焦显微镜观察。结果：10周后,与对照组比较,病变组膀胱最大容量（P〈0．05）、漏尿点压（P〈0．01）、顺应性（P〈0．05）、剩余尿量（P〈0．01）增加,而膀胱静息压（P〈0．01）、最大逼尿肌压（P〈0．05）下降,激光共聚焦显微镜下见糖尿病组膀胱逼尿肌中cajal样细胞数量减少（P〈0．01）,cajal样细胞二聚体消失（P〈0．01）。结论：糖尿病膀胱病变豚鼠早期有尿动力学异常,cajal样细胞数量减少并伴有该细胞二聚体结构消失,提示早期糖尿病膀胱病变是高糖环境下发生了具有起博功能的cajal样间质细胞异常,从而使逼尿肌功能障碍及尿动力学发生改变;而真正起逼尿功能的平滑肌细胞失去该细胞起博而处于一种待激发的”休眠状态”。因此,l临床上应针对这种情况进行干预,以控制病情的进一步恶化。     

不同Hoehn-Yahr分期帕金森病患者尿流动力学的研究

目的 检测十堰地区不同Hoehn-Yahr分期的帕金森病患者尿流动力学的差异.方法 选择十堰市人民医院就诊的45例原发性帕金森病患者,依据Hoehn-Yahr分期标准分组,运用尿动力学测定仪检测比较不同Hoehn-Yahr分期帕金森病患者尿流动力学差异.结果 不同Hoehn-Yahr分期的帕金森病患者尿流动力学指标比较有显著性差异,早期帕金森病患者尿动力学异常主要是逼尿肌不稳定,而晚期患者主要表现为初感膀胱容量、膀胱最大容量的增加、低顺应性膀胱发生率增高,而随着帕金森病疾病的加重,逼尿肌力受损,最大尿流率及最大尿流率时的逼尿肌压力逐渐减小,残余尿明显增加.结论 不同Hoehn-Yahr分级的散发性帕金森病患者,膀胱尿道功能障碍会出现特征性的尿动力学变化,对于泌尿系症状的治疗方案、治疗、预后有一定指导意义.     

Botulinum-A toxin injections into the detrusor muscle decrease nerve growth factor bladder tissue levels in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of BTX-A on visceral afferent nerve transmission by measuring bladder tissue NGF levels in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity before and after intravesical treatment with BTX-A. We also compared the bladder tissue NGF content with clinical and urodynamic data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 23 patients underwent clinical evaluation and urodynamics with detection of the UDC threshold, maximum pressure and maximum cystometric capacity before, and at the 1 and 3-month followups. Endoscopic bladder wall biopsies were also obtained at the same time points. NGF levels were measured in tissue homogenate by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Promega, Madison, Wisconsin). RESULTS: At 1 and 3 months mean catheterization and incontinent episodes were significantly decreased (p <0.05 and <0.001, respectively). On urodynamics we detected a significant increase in the UDC threshold and maximum cystometric capacity, and a significant decrease in UDC maximum pressure at the 1 and 3-month follow-ups compared to baseline (each p <0.001). At the same time points we detected a significant decrease in NGF bladder tissue content (each p <0.02). CONCLUSIONS: BTX-A intravesical treatment induces a state of NGF deprivation in bladder tissue that persists at least up to 3 months. As caused by BTX-A, the decrease in acetylcholine release at the presynaptic level may induce a decrease in detrusor contractility and in NGF production by the detrusor muscle. Alternatively BTX-A can decrease the bladder level of neurotransmitters that normally modulate NGF production and release.     

尿动力学检查术前对BPH患者TVP术后疗效的评价作用

目的：探讨尿动力学检查在术前对前列腺增生（BPH）患者行经尿道前列腺电汽化术（TVP）术后疗效的评价作用。方法：对800例拟行TVP的BPH患者术前行尿动力学检查、国际前列腺症状（IPSS）评分,并于术后随访1年,观察最大尿流率,IPSS评分。结果：800例BPH患者术前最大尿流率均〈15ml／s,IPSS评分平均〉29分。根据术前最大尿道压力、最大尿道压力与充盈时膀胱最大压力的关系、膀胱顺应性及是否存在尿道外括约肌与膀胱逼尿肌压力不协调等指标共分为四组。术后1年最大尿流率平均分别为18．3ml／s、17．9ml／s、9．2ml／s和8．2ml,s,IPSS评分平均分别为12分、11分、23分和26分。其中各组术后最大尿流率〉15ml／s,分别占89．8％、85．5％,29,2％和22．5％。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组术后各项指标与Ⅲ组,Ⅳ组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：尿动力学榆查对BPH患者行TVP术的疗效有良好的评价作用,可为BPH患者采用何种治疗方法提供重要依据。     

多学科合作干预对广泛性全子宫切除术后患者膀胱功能恢复的影响

目的探讨多学科合作干预促进广泛性全子宫切除术后患者膀胱功能恢复的临床效果。方法将150例广泛性全子宫切除术患者按住院时间分为对照组与观察组各75例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上给予多学科合作干预。比较两组术后尿管留置时间、泌尿系感染发生率;术后1个月进行膀胱功能评估量表评分、残余尿测定及尿动力学检测。结果观察组术后尿管留置时间显著短于对照组,泌尿系感染发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01);术后1个月观察组膀胱功能恢复程度、最大尿流率、逼尿肌收缩力、最大膀胱容量显著优于对照组,膀胱功能评分显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论多学科合作干预可促进广泛性全子宫切除术后患者膀胱功能恢复。     

Correlation between urodynamics and perineal ultrasound in female patients with urinary incontinence

AIMS: We performed urodynamics and perineal ultrasound in female patients with urinary incontinence to assess morphology and function of the bladder base-urethra complex and of the detrusor muscle, and to find the correlation between these investigations in the diagnosis of (a) bladder neck and urethral hypermobility and (b) detrusor overactivity; we wanted to compare the tolerabililty of the urodynamic investigation and of the perineal ultrasound. METHODS: We considered 66 female patients referred to our outpatient clinic for urinary incontinence; we also studied 14 healthy control patients. After accurate case-history collection and physical examination, urodynamic investigation and perineal ultrasound were performed, with recording of parameters specific to both investigations. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, and Spearman correlation test. The tolerability index between the diagnostic investigations performed was assessed by a 3-point scale suggested by the patient. RESULTS: In patients with stress incontinence the posterior urethro-vesical angle, the angle of urethral inclination, and the proximal pubo-urethral distance are significantly different under stress compared to the resting phase; in patients with urge incontinence, the detrusor wall is thicker and is accompanied by an increase in opening detrusor pressure and detrusor pressure at maximum flow; it is also accompanied by detrusor overactivity with increased urethral functional length. Increased urethral functional length is suggested on axial US images by alteration of its normal characteristic target-like appearance with four concentric rings of different echogenicity. In all cases the tolerability of perineal ultrasound has been higher than that of urodynamics. CONCLUSIONS: There is a good correlation between urodynamic and perineal ultrasound in the diagnosis of bladder neck and urethral hypermobility; perineal ultrasound can also be useful in the diagnosis of urge incontinence. Functional compressive urethral obstruction can be diagnosed on the basis of the ultrasound aspect of the urethral sphincter.     

The effects of bladder neck incision on urodynamic abnormalities of children with posterior urethral valves

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of simultaneous bladder neck incision and valve ablation on urodynamic abnormalities in patients with posterior urethral valves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 46 patients with posterior urethral valves entered our prospective study between 1998 and 2003. Group 1 consisted of 22 patients who underwent simultaneous valve ablation and bladder neck incision at the 6 o'clock position. Group 2 consisted of 24 age matched patients with comparable prognostic factors who underwent simple valve ablation. Trends in renal function tests, urodynamics and changes in the upper urinary tracts were evaluated throughout followup. RESULTS: Mean patient age at presentation was 1.6 years in group 1 and 1.8 years in group 2. Preoperatively, all patients in both groups had hypercontractile bladders and comparable high maximum voiding detrusor pressures. At the end of followup (mean 4.5 years) no patient in group 1 had bladder hypercontractility or detrusor overactivity, and the mean maximum voiding detrusor pressure was 53 +/- 15 cm H(2)O. In comparison, 9 patients in group 2 had bladder hypercontractility, 6 had detrusor overactivity and the mean maximum voiding detrusor pressure was 87 +/- 45 cm H(2)O (p <0.01). Myogenic bladder failure developed in 5 patients in group 2. The number of patients requiring anticholinergic medication and the duration of treatment were also significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Valve ablation with bladder neck incision may result in better bladder urodynamic function in comparison to simple valve ablation. However, long-term studies with followup through puberty are required to evaluate the final effects on renal function.     

The early effects of partial outflow obstruction on contractile properties of diabetic and non-diabetic rat bladder

The aim of this study is to determine the early effects of partial outflow obstruction (POO) on the detrusor contractility of diabetic (DM) and non-diabetic rats. A total of 67 adult female Wistar rats with average weight of 214+/-3.1 g were randomized into five groups as control ( n=6), sham operated ( n=6), obstructed ( n=18), DM ( n=19), and DM with obstruction ( n=18). Intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin was performed to achieve DM. Partial bladder neck obstruction was created surgically by ligating the urethra around a 3F feeding tube. Bladder strips were obtained and inspected on days 3, 7, and 14 of both the diabetic period and POO. Mean detrusor weights were measured and the maximal contractile responses to carbachol (Car), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), substance P (SP) and electrical field stimulation (EFS) of detrusor strips in all groups were studied in vitro. After 14 days of obstruction, no remarkable difference was observed between the maximal contractile responses to Car and SP of strips from obstructed-only (POO) and diabetic-obstructed (DM-POO) rats compared to the control group. The responses to EFS and ATP in the POO rats were significantly lower than the controls ( P<0.01, P<0.01, respectively). In the DM-POO group however, the responses were significantly better than the POO group, reaching almost similar levels with the controls. The contractile responses of DM-POO rats were higher than the POO group but lower than the DM group. Better contractile responses of the rats with DM-POO than POO group can be explained by the early enhancing effects of DM on detrusor contractility. In early DM+POO period, the negative effects of POO on detrusor muscle contractility is masked by diabetes mellitus.     

Urodynamic monitoring during percutaneous sacral nerve neurostimulation in patients with neurogenic detrusor hyperreflexia

The purpose of this study was to assess urodynamics parameter changes induced by acute sacral neurostimulation (SNS) in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with neurogenic detrusor hyperreflexia. Fourteen SCI patients with urge incontinence owing to a hyperreflexive bladder were prospectively evaluated. Neurostimulation was performed on the root that obtained the best motor response (10 Hz, 210 microseconds) and amplitude ranges of >0 to 10 V. The urodynamics study was done in the prone position. Four cystometries were recorded before (two), during (one), and 10 minutes after stimulation (one). Maximal bladder capacity (MBC) (volume to first leakage), bladder volume at first uninhibited contraction (BV(1stC)), and maximal detrusor pressure during uninhibited contractions (P(det)max) were compared. Left S3 foramen was the most commonly used (9/14). Mean amplitude of stimulation was 4.5 V (range, 0.5-8.5 V). Statistically significant differences (Mann-Whitney U-test) were found for MBC, BV(1stC), and P(det)max with mean variations of +206.8 mL (+107%, P < 0.001), +151.5 mL (+98%, P < 0.01), and -23.4 cm H2O (-27%, P < 0.05), respectively. Patient gender and SCI level did not reveal any difference. Patients who reached a MBC of up to 400 mL (+278.2 mL, +129%, n = 10) with SNS had statistically significant improvement of BV(1stC) (+210.2 mL, +125%, P < 0.01) and P(det)max (-33.3 cm H2O, -38%, P < 0.01). Acute temporary SNS in SCI patients has a profound effect on key urodynamics parameters. These neurologically impaired patients with detrusor hyperreflexia may be appropriate candidates for implantable SNS.