阶梯形件液压凸模拉深成形装置的设计及试验

针对阶梯形件在刚模拉深成形中易出现起皱、破裂、壁厚偏差大等缺陷以及普通液压拉深易出现的变形不均匀、不充分等问题，开发了一种简单实用、在拉伸机上就能实现板材预胀充液拉深试验的液压凸模拉深成形装置，该装置采用了液压凸模、刚体凹模的拉深方法。通过不同高度的垫板控制移动凹模的位置，并以1060-O态铝板为材料进行相关试验，利用预胀充液拉深原理，得到阶梯形件。结果表明：该装置可合理匹配预胀压力和凹模预胀位置并显著的提高零件的成形高度和成形质量。     

加载路径对汽车顶盖充液拉深成形影响数值模拟

板材充液拉深（hydromechanical deep drawing,HDD）是在拉深凹模中以一定压力液体作为传力介质代替刚性凹模传递载荷,使坯料在液体压力作用下贴靠凸模拟实现金属板材零件的成形。与传统拉深工艺相比,板料成形性显著提高,成形表面质量好,模具寿命长。随着成形设备和相关技术的发展,充液拉深工艺被广泛应用于汽车、飞机制造业。     

摩擦保持对充液拉深成形作用的仿真分析

通过非线性有限元软件DYNAFORM对具体不同摩擦系数凸模的充液拉深过程进行数值模拟,结果表明:凸模摩擦系数会影响充液拉深过程中成形件的壁厚均匀性,摩擦系数越大,摩擦保持效果越好,成形件的减薄率越小,壁厚分布越均匀。     

“钢球簇”填充汽车覆盖件压力成形工艺

充液拉深是一种薄板拉深成形的新工艺。在充液拉深过程中,橡皮囊弹性凹模在液体压力介质的作用下,将薄板压贴在刚性凸模的型腔表面实施成形拉深。因此在拉深过程中薄板内表面与刚性凸模之间几乎没有相对滑动而且其外表面与橡皮弹性凹模之间的摩擦力又很小,从而避免了薄板表面及表面装饰保护层的摩擦划伤,更有效地控制了变薄拉     

板材充液拉深动态加载系统开发与应用

液室压力和压边力加载路径是充液拉深工艺中决定零件成形质量的关键工艺参数。针对传统被动加压方式加载路径单一,液室压力较低,不能满足复杂结构零件和高强度材料的成形要求,提出采用闭环控制技术实时调节液室压力和压边力的动态加载方式。设计可控压边和高压增压系统,并应用基于上、下位机的检测控制系统实时调节凸模速度、压边力和液室压力满足设定的工艺参数。在动态加载系统上进行异型结构不锈钢零件的充液拉深试验,动态加载路径下试验件一次整体成形,且表面质量好,贴模精度高。结果表明,充液拉深动态加载系统能够实现复杂加载轨迹和局部高压,适用于复杂结构和高强度材料零件的成形制造。     

球形件液压拉深液压力行程曲线的建立

液压力行程曲线是液压拉深工艺的重要参数之一。该曲线确定的准确与否 ,决定了液压拉深工艺的成败。本文利用有限元数值模拟方法模拟了球形件液压拉深过程 ,得到了球形件的液压力行程曲线。通过比较 ,认为该液压力行程曲线是较符合实际拉深过程的。     

盘形件增量拉深成形过程的数值模拟

增量拉深成形由于旋转的模具与坯料接触区域的不断变化而一直是数值模拟的难点,为此用Deform-3D有限元软件对为A1100铝合金的盘形件增量拉深过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明:增量拉深成形凸模的受力与传统拉深工艺相比大大降低,据此得到了凸模受力图和板料应变云图,每一步凸模受力峰值和坯料等效应变值与已有的盘形件工艺试验研究结果一致.     

怎样防止拉深件变薄和破裂

我厂是生产汽车、拖拉机起动机厂家之一,产品中拉深件较多,有些零件在拉深过程中会变薄而破裂,造成经济损失,针对这个问题,我们进行了多次分析和实验,得出如下几点改进经验。一、拉深件变薄、破裂的原因 1.凹凸模圆角过小在拉深过程中,凸凹模圆角R_1对拉深件的影响很大(见图1),如果圆角半径(R_1,R_2)过小,在凸模下移时,圆角处工件会产生很大弯曲与变薄,从而发生裂纹。模具圆角半径与板厚的比值和变薄量的关系曲线,见图2。 2.摩擦系数较大拉深时,如果材料的压边圈与凸凹模作相对运动     

基于对向液压拉深的高精度拉深件的应用研究

对向液压拉深是在凹模兼液压室的型腔内充满液体，利用凸横带动板料进入凹模后建立的反向液压而使板料成形的方法。对向液压拉深方法可提高拉深时的成形极限、抑制侧壁起皱．使零件具有很高的尺寸、形状精度及表面质量。可实现零件的一体化成形，在精度要求高的拉深件中可得到广泛应用。     

抛物面零件充液拉深工艺参数优化分析及成形装置改进

充液拉深是一种先进的板材成形方法.结合装饰零件的实际需求,通过数值模拟的方法对抛物面灯罩的充液拉深成形过程进行了研究,应用显式有限元分析软件DYNAFORM,分析了变压边力和液体介质压力对零件成形质量的影响,得到了变压边力和液体压力匹配的加载曲线.并对充液拉深成形系统进行了合理改造.分析结果表明,采用优化的变压边力和液...     

圆筒形件拉深失稳及各因素影响分析

对板料成形中圆筒形件拉深的破裂失稳及产生破裂失稳的临界压边力进行研究.由于凸、凹模圆角及其间隙的存在,圆筒形件拉深的筒壁区实际为凸、凹模圆角之间的公切线部分.根据Mises-Hill屈服函数及Tresca准则求出凸缘变形区、凹模圆角区和筒壁区的应力分布,得到危险断面处的应力表达式,从而求出不产生破裂失稳的临界压边力的解析表达式,并进一步分析获得拉深比、硬化指数、厚向异性系数、摩擦因数以及径向推力等因素对临界压边力的影响规律.采用液压压边与周缘加径向推力的拉深模具对08Al板料进行拉深试验,试验结果与理论计算结果具有很好的一致性.     

Deep drawing of a thin-walled hemisphere

A model of deep drawing of a thin-walled hemisphere with a flat bottom from a plane blank by a rigid punch, considering the work hardening and wall thickness variation is developed. Elastic bending and von Mises membrane rigid-plastic strain with different friction coefficients at the punch and die contact boundaries are considered. The computational model determines the distribution of the wall thickness and the material work hardening along the shell generatrix, the drawing force versus punch displacement relation, and the critical parameters of the process in which some defects are probable.     

Investigation of hydrodynamic deep drawing for conical�Ccylindrical cups

Forming conical parts is one of the complex and difficult fields in sheet-metal forming processes. Because of low-contact area of the sheet with punch tip in the initial stages of forming, bursting occurs on the sheet. Moreover, since most of the sheet surface in the area between the punch tip and blank holder is free, wrinkles appear on the wall of the drawing part. Thus, these parts are normally formed in industry by spinning, explosive forming, or multi-stage deep drawing processes. In this paper, forming pure copper and St14 conical?Ccylindrical cups in the hydrodynamic deep drawing process was studied using finite element (FE) simulation and experiment. The effect of pressure path on the occurrence of defects and thickness distribution and drawing ratio of the sheet was studied. It was concluded that at low pressures, bursting occurs on the contact area of sheet with punch tip. At higher pressures, the cup was formed, but the wall thickness distribution depends on the pressure path. It was also illustrated that for the pressure path with a certain maximum amount, the workpiece was formed adequately with minimum sheet thickness reduction. Internal pressures more than this maximum amounts did not affect on the thickness distribution. By applying the desired pressure path, conical?Ccylindrical cups with high deep drawing ratio were achieved.     

Effects of forming media on hydrodynamic deep drawing

Apart from the punch and the die, a pressurized fluid (water or oil) is used in hydroforming. The presence of such pressure media is the main difference between hydroforming and conventional deep drawing. No comprehensive study has yet been conducted on the effect of forming media on the formation of cylindrical cups via hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure. This study investigated the formation of such cups through Finite element (FE) simulation and experiments. First, the process was modeled numerically using ABAQUS FE software. After simulation, copper and St14 sheets were formed with water and oil as the forming media. The effect of these forming media on thickness distribution and maximum punch force was investigated. By examining the thickness distribution curve of the hydroformed cup, a close agreement was found between experimental and numerical results. Using oil as the forming media reduced thinning at the corner radius zone of the punch and increased the maximum punch force. Changing the forming media does not significantly influence the maximum thickening at the cup wall region.

     

Analysis of deep drawing of sheet metal using the Marform process

This paper deals with the deep drawing of metal cups using the Marform process. Using this technique, higher limiting drawing ratios can be obtained compared with the conventional deep drawing process. The analytical model of the process is presented initially, followed by the finite element simulations using ABAQUS software. A new friction model based on local contact conditions is presented and used in the finite element (FE) simulations of the process. Compared with traditional Coulomb friction model, the results of the FE simulations with the new friction model showed good correlation with experimental results. The results showed that the maximum thinning occurs at the punch profile portion, and by increasing the forming pressure, thinning of the sheet metal propagates from the punch profile portion to the side wall. At low forming pressures, wrinkles appear in the flange, whilst at higher pressures, fracture is the main defect of the Marform process.     

点阵热源加热板料成形技术研究

初步试验验证板料温成形中,采用离散化热源和均匀热源相比能够进一步提高板料成形性能的基础上,提出点阵热源加热板料温成形新技术。基于有限元仿真,采用0Cr18Ni9不锈钢板料对点阵热源加热成形过程进行验证和初步研究。研究结果表明,点阵热源加热板料成形工艺是完全可行的,在相同热量的情况下,通过控制点阵热源的分布可以得到比均匀热流加热更大的极限拉深比;采用点阵热源加热拉深得到的零件壁厚分布一般存在两个明显的谷值,第一个谷值点在凸模圆角处,和最大拉深力有关,第二个谷值点在零件直壁上,是由于凸缘部位的高温材料拉深成直壁变成传力区以后因温度高承载能力下降引起的。     

Study on process parameters and its analytic application for nonaxisymmetric rectangular cup of multistage deep drawing process using low carbon thin steel sheet

Multistage deep drawing process is widely used to obtain various nonaxisymmetric rectangular cups. This deep drawing scheme including drawing and ironing processes consists of several tool sets to carry out a continuous production within one progressive press. To achieve the successive production, design and fabrication of the necessary tools such as punch, die, and other auxiliary devices are critical, therefore, a series of process parameters play an important role in performing the process design. This study focuses on the tool design and modification for developing the rectangular cup with an aspect ratio of 5.7, using cold-rolled low carbon thin steel sheet with the initial thickness of 0.4 mm. Based on the design results for the process and the tools, finite element analysis for the multistage deep drawing process is performed with thickness control of the side wall in intermediate blanks as the first approach. From the results of the first approach, it is shown that the intermediate blanks could experience failures such as tearing, wrinkling, and earing by excessive thinning and thickening. To solve these failures, the modifications for the deep drawing punches are carried out, and the modified punches are applied to the same process. The simulation results for the multistage rectangular deep drawing process are compared with the thickness distributions before and after the punch shape modifications, and with the deformed shape in each intermediate blank, respectively. The results of finite element reanalysis using the modified punches show significant improvement compared with those by using the original designed punch shapes.     

Deep drawing with internal air-pressing to increase the limit drawing ratio of aluminum sheet

The effects of internal air-pressing on deep drawability are investigated in this study to increase the deep drawability of aluminum sheet. The conventional deep drawing process is limited to a certain limit drawing ratio(LDR) beyong which failure will occur. The intention of this work is to examine the possibilities of relaxing the above limitation through the deep drawing with internal air-pressing, aiming towards a process with an increased drawing ratio. The idea which may lead to this goal is the use of special punch that can exert high pressure on the internal surface of deforming sheet during the deep drawing process. Over the ranges of conditions investigated for Al-1050, the local strain concentration at punch nose radius area was decreased by internal air-pressing of punch, and the deep drawing with internal air-pressing was proved to be very effective process for obtaining higher LDR.     

An analysis of hydroforming of regular polygonal boxes

A new kinematically admissible velocity field is suggested for the upper-bound solution of three-dimensional hydroforming of regular polygonal boxes. In order to maintain the uniform wall thickness a back-up fluid pressure is controlled to vary with respect to the punch position during the hydroforming process. Thus the pressure vs punch stroke curves for various process conditions are determined from theoretical analysis. The effects of the work-hardening exponent, drawing ratio and friction are then analyzed and discussed. Control of the hydroforming pressure with respect to the punch stroke is shown to be very important for proper design of the process.     

An analysis of hydroforming of longitudinally curved boxes with regular polygonal cross-section

A new kinematically admissible velocity field is suggested for the upper-bound solution of hydroforming of longitudinally curved boxes with regular polygonal cross-section. In order to maintain the uniform wall thickness the back-up fluid pressure is controlled to vary with respect to the punch position during the hydroforming process. The pressure vs punch stroke curves for various process conditions are determined from theoretical analysis. The effects of punch shape, work-hardening exponent, drawing ratio and friction are then analysed and discussed. Experiments are carried out in a hydroforming press according to the computed pressure vs punch stroke curves. The hydroformed specimens have shown very little thickness variation within a 5% range. Thus, the validity of the assumption of uniform wall thickness has been confirmed. The flange deformation from the computation is found to be in good agreement with the experimental observation. When the computed reference curve of pressure vs punch stroke relation has been used, no defect, i.e. no necking or no wrinkling has been observed in the experimental specimens. It has been shown that the present method of analysis can be effectively used for the hydroforming process design of longitudinally curved boxes with regular polygonal cross-section.