利用Lageos1SLR资料解算1990—2001年的地球定向参数

利用12年的Lageos1卫星激光测距资料(1990—2001)解算得到了地球定向参数(EOP)，将该序列的结果与同期的EOP(IERS)CO4进行比较，其外符精度为：极移Xp—0．40mas，Yp—0．42mas，日长变化Dr—0．035ms。     

用lageos1和lageos2激光测距资料联合解地球定向参数

为了响应国际地球自转服务中心(IERS)和国际激光测距服务中心(ILRS)的呼吁，上海天文台天文地球动力学研究中心参加了对激光测距卫星lageos1、lageos2的资料的分析、计算，提交了关于地球定向参数(EOP)(1998—2001)的联合(1ageos1、lageos2)解算结果报告：(SHAO)2002L01，利用更精细化的和改正了的计算EOP的模型，获得了EOP(SHAO)2002L01系列，该系列与同时期的IERS的EOP(IERS)C04相比，符合程度：极移Xp、Yp好于0．35mas，日长变化Du好于0．030ms。     

用中国卫星激光测距资料解算地球定向参数

利用我国SLR网卫星Lageosl的激光测距资料独立测定地球定向参数EOP的可能性和可达到的精度,选取了2001年4月19日—5月30日,2001年9月1日—10月30日这两时段国内SLR网对Lageosl卫星激光测距资料,用SHORDE软件估算地球定向参数,并在同样的时间段内用全球的Lageosl卫星的激光测距资料也测定地球定向参数,分别将两序列的地球定向参数与IERS的EOPc04序列进行比较,其外符精度分别为：X_p、Y_p4—5mas、D_r-0．32ms(用目内资料解算的),X_p、Y_p1—0．35mas、D_(r1)-0．03ms(用全球的激光资料解算的)．     

依巴谷输入星表和临时星表H37与射电天球参考架之间的旋转参数

通过比较地球定向参数（EOP）序列和对应的地因参考架，得到了依巴谷输入星表（HIC）和临时星表H37与国际地球自转服务（IERS）基于甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）建立的河外天球参考架（ICRF）之间的旋转参数。在J2000．0历元，HIC和H37至ICRF的旋转分别为[7．4±1．1mas，70．0±1．2mas，86．8±6.9mas]和[－27.4±1.0mas，10.4±1．0mas，70．3±4．6mas]。由于光学仪器位置坐标精度较低，第三个旋转角的可信度较差。     

用1998—2001年Lageos-1、Lageos-2卫星激光测距资料估算地球定向参数

利用上海天文台多星定轨的软件（COMPASS），对1998年1月-2001年12月期间的Lageos-1、Lageos-2卫星的激光测距资料重新归算了地球定向参数EOP（COMPASS），并将结果与同期的EOP（IERS）C04进行了比较，得到其外符精度为：极移Xp-O．32mas，Yp-0．34mas，日长变化Dr-0．025ms。     

IVS分析中心EOP产品及精度评估

介绍了国际测地/天体测量学甚长基线干涉测量服务(International Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Service for Geodesy and Astrometry, IVS)组织机构及下属分析中心概况.系统归纳了目前IVS发布的地球定向参数(Earth Orientation Parameters, EOP)产品类型及不同观测类型的用途.利用2010—2019年公开发布的观测资料,对IVS不同分析中心的EOP日常监测和服务能力进行了评估.通过构造观测台站所构成的几何体积,分析了EOP精度与测站数量、测站网分布的关系,统计了IVS不同观测类型的EOP解算精度.此外,综合公开发布的美国、欧洲等区域网观测数据,分析了不同地区区域网的常规及加强观测结果与IVS结果的差异.结果表明:EOP的解算精度与观测台站的分布密切相关, IVS常规观测确定的极移分量的外符合精度优于0.2 mas,世界时(Universal Time, UT1)与协调世界时(Coordinated Universal Time,UTC)之差(UT1-UTC)的精度在0.015 ms左右,加强观测的UT1-UTC值与国际自转服务组织(International Earth Rotation Service, IERS)的C04之间存在0.02–0.03 ms的差异.区域观测网的精度受观测网形和基线长度制约,总体劣于IVS观测精度,其中,美国甚长基线干涉阵列(Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA)的常规及加强观测结果与IVS全球观测结果最接近.     

利用GPS观测资料解算地球自转参数

利用22个IGS（International GNSS Service）跟踪站（IGS05）的连续观测资料估算地球自转参数ERP（Earth rotation parameters）（地球自转参数在测绘和卫星导航中是一组关键的参数）,并与IGS地球定向参数EOP（Earth orientation parameters）（UTC 12：00：00）和IERS（International Earth Rotation Service）C04（UTC 00：00：00）同时刻的结果相比较。比较结果表明：与IGS EOP比较,极移在x方向差值的RMS为0.0214 mas,极移在y方向差值的RMS为0.0662 mas,UT1-UTC差值的RMS为0.0260 ms;与IERS C04比较,极移在x方向差值的RMS为0.0203 mas,极移在y方向差值的RMS为0.0354 mas,UT1-UTC差值的RMS为0.0016 ms。以上差别均在IERS C04精度范围之内,我们解算的地球自转参数结果是可信的。     

中国SLR区域网定轨精度的分析

该文利用中国SLR网的实测资料,以SHORDE软件独立解算卫星的轨道和地球定向参数(EOP),并与全球SLR网解算的结果进行了比较。结果表明:中国SLR网30天弧段观测拟合轨道的中误差优于2cm。与全球SLR网解算结果相比,定轨的位置精度可优于50cm;5天弧段测定EOP的精度,Xp、Yp可优于5mas,Dr优于0.2ms。     

无先验基准方法在SLR资料处理中的应用

SLR（satellite Laser Ranging)资料处理一般来说总是由各SLR测站构成的从标框架里进行。为了克服在SLR资料处理过程中对坐标框架的重复定义，利用全球1999年1月到12月的LAGEOS-1的SLR资料以无先验基准方法解算EOP（Earth Orientation Parameters）和所有SLR站的坐标的试验。在SLR资料处理中用无先验基准方法与GPS（Glaobal Positioning System)的不太一样，由于SLR的资料不能把SLR观测站连结成非常牢固的空间多面体（GPS的资料在每一瞬间可以拟测站联成一完整的空间多面体），因此需要加一些约束，以避免法方程出现秩亏。解得的测站从标用7参数转换到ITRF97坐标系，rms为1.3cm。EOP与IERS的eopc04序列相比，Xp、Yp、的rms分别为0.37mas、0.30mas，LOD（Length Of Day)的rmas为0.019ms。     

Using the quasar VLBI network for the fundamental time—positioning service of the GLONASS space system

Regular high-precision determinations of the Earth’s orientation parameters (EOPs) on the Quasar VLBI Network were begun in August 2006. The observations are performed within the framework of two national programs: daily sessions at three observatories of the Network to determine all five EOPs (the RU-E program) and 8-h sessions on the Zelenchukskaya-Badary and Svetloe-Badary baselines to determine the Universal Time (the RU-U program). The observations from August 2006 through May 2007 are analyzed. The rms deviations of the EOP values obtained in the RU-E program from the IERS C04 series are 1.1 mas for X _p and Y _p, 37 μs for UT1-UTC, and 0.7 and 0.6 mas for X _c and Y _c, respectively. These results closely match the prospective requirements of GLONASS. The rms deviations of the Universal Times obtained in the RU-U program from the IERS C04 series are 146 μs. We consider the immediate prospects for improving the accuracy of EOP determinations in daily sessions and for implementing the e-VLBI mode for an online determination of the Universal Time. Original Russian Text ? A.M. Finkelstein, E.A. Skurikhina, I.F. Surkis, A.V. Ipatov, I.A. Rakhimov, S.G. Smolentsev, 2008, published in Pis’ma v Astronomicheskiĭ Zhurnal, 2008, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 66–76.     

IGS′92联测期间地极坐标的高频波动

本文分析了ＩＧＳ＇９２联测期间七个ＧＰＳ数据处理中心提供的极坐标序列。通过谱分析、最小二乘拟合和Ｆ检验，表明在这些序列中存在一些共同的高频波动：在Ｘ方向上具有２７．０，１６．５，１３．４和１０．４天的周期，在Ｙ方向上的波动周期约为２０．５，１５．８和１０．０天。并且每个序列与ＥＯＰ（ＩＥＲＳ）９２Ｃ０４之间都存在一个系统差。计算与分析表明，这些系统偏离的主要原因是由于在用ＧＰＳ资料解算Ｘ、Ｙ时，不同分析中心采用了不同系统的台站坐标（或者说只有部分台站采用了固定的台站坐标），从而造成这些序列所在的参考架与ＩＴＲＦ９１之间存在一个平移和旋转。最后，计算了该期间的大气角动量激发函数，可部分地解释该期间的Ｘ、Ｙ高频波动的原因。     

卡尔曼滤波在VLBI数据处理中的应用

本文探讨卡尔曼滤波技术用于VLBI天体测量和大地测量数据处理的原理和方法;并深入地对Herring等提出的软件系统（SOLVK）进行详细研究,提出一些具体的办法以便应用．然后用1993—1994年的VLBI观测资料,精确计算了几种天文学和地球动力学参数作为例证．     

关于天球参考报

章动序列计算和地球定向参数测定需要一个中间的天球参考极作参照，1984年，采用IAU1980章动理论，选取天球历书极作为参考极，利用改善岁差章动模型和由天文测地新技术确定地球定向参数实现的天球历书极，其精度可达0．1mas，随着理论和观测精度的提高，在微角秒量级下，章动和极移模型中周日和半周日成分分应被考虑，地球定向参数的高频成分已被测定，因此天球历书极的原先定义不再适用，需要更改，叙述了不同天球参考极的概念，天球历书极的定义，评述了天球历书极目前实现及其缺陷，介绍了新的天球参考极－天球中间极的定义及其实现。     

Measuring proper motions of isolated neutron stars with Chandra

The excellent spatial resolution of the Chandra observatory offers the unprecedented possibility to measure proper motions at X-ray wavelength with relatively high accuracy using as reference the background of extragalactic or remote galactic X-ray sources. We took advantage of this capability to constrain the proper motion of RX J0806.4-4123 and RX J0420.0-5022, two X-ray bright and radio quiet isolated neutron stars (INSs) discovered by ROSAT and lacking an optical counterpart. In this paper, we present results from a preliminary analysis from which we derive 2σ upper limits of 76 mas/yr and 138 mas/yr on the proper motions of RX J0806.4-4123 and RX J0420.0-5022 respectively. We use these values together with those of other ROSAT discovered INSs to constrain the origin, distance and evolutionary status of this particular group of objects. We find that the tangential velocities of radio quiet ROSAT neutron stars are probably consistent with those of ‘normal’ pulsars. Their distribution on the sky and, for those having accurate proper motion vectors, their possible birth places, all point to a local population, probably created in the part of the Gould Belt nearest to the earth.      

The Two Mini-lobes of the CSO OQ208—— VLBI Observations at 5 GHz and 8.4 GHz

We present the results of VLBI observations at 5 GHz and 8.4 GHz of the compact symmetric object (CSO) OQ208. Images taken on four epochs at 5GHz and one at 8.4GHz show that the parsec radio structure of the source consists of two mini-lobes, both of them are resolved into two hot-spots. We note that the component D is stronger than the component C in the south-west region at 5 GHz, indicating that component D is less free-free absorbed than C at low frequency. On the basis of the separation of components A and D, a proper motion of 0.032±0.02 mas yr~(-1) between the two mini-lobes is estimated. This value is about half the previous estimates based on the separation of components A and C with 8.4 GHz VLBI data. The reason for the decrease in the expansion velocity is discussed.     

Determination of the Proper Motions and Membership of the Globular Cluster M3 and of its Orbit in the Galaxy

We examine 14 plates of the globular cluster M3 (NGC 5272) taken with the 40 cm refractor at the Sheshan station of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The plates span over a period of about 77 years. The positions and absolute proper motions of eight stars in the Hipparcos Catalogue and of 49 stars in the Tycho-2 Catalogue are used as the reference frame. The astrometric reduction is made with the central overlapping principle. The absolute proper motions of 534 stars in a region of about 100' × 100' around the cluster are measured. With the new proper motion data the membership probabilities of the stars are determined. The average absolute proper motion obtained for the cluster is -0.06@0.30 mas yr-1 in R.A. and -2.6@0.30 mas yr-1 in Decl. By combining this result with the known distance and radial velocity of the cluster, we also obtained the Galactic orbit of M3 for a chosen three-component Galactic potential.     

The association of OH and methanol masers in W3(OH)

We present single-baseline Multi-Element Radio-Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) measurements of excited OH 6.0-GHz masers and methanol 6.7-GHz masers for the source W3(OH). These allow us to compare the positions of individual maser spots of these two species to ∼15 mas accuracy for the first time, and to compare these with previously published positions of ground-state OH masers near 1.7 GHz and excited-state OH masers near 4.7 GHz. There is a strong association between OH 6035-MHz and 1665-MHz masers. OH and methanol have very similar distributions, but associations of individual masers are relatively rare: most methanol 6.7-GHz masers are within 100 mas of OH 6.0-GHz masers, but only four methanol masers are within 15 mas of an OH 6.0-GHz maser. There are no correspondences of either species with excited OH 4.7-GHz masers. Zeeman splitting of the 6.0-GHz OH lines indicates an ordered magnetic field ranging from 3.2 to 14.4 mG. The magnetic fields estimated from co-propagating masers such as 6035 and 1665 MHz are generally in good agreement with each other.