甲酸甲酯水解固体超强酸催化剂的研究

固体超强酸作甲酸甲酯水解转化率和对甲酸的催化剂、进料速度、反应温度对甲酸甲酯水解转化率和对甲酸出口浓度的影响，当原料水与酯的摩尔比为１、反应温度１００℃、原料与催化剂的接触时间为１６ｍｉｎ时，甲酸甲酯的转化率为２４．６％（甲酸的出口浓度达１４．５％）。     

醋酸甲酯与正丙醇酯交换反应的非均相反应动力学

以强酸性离子交换树脂Amberlyst-15为催化剂,在间歇反应器中研究醋酸甲酯与正丙醇的酯交换反应的非均相反应动力学。在消除内外扩散的条件下,考察催化剂用量、醇酯摩尔比和温度等因素对反应的影响。实验表明:醋酸甲酯的转化率随着催化剂用量、醇酯摩尔比的增加和温度的升高而增加,但是温度对反应平衡常数的影响较小。确定了组分间的吸附平衡常数,并采用Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Haugen-Watson(LHHW)模型对实验数据进行拟合。拟合结果表明:计算值与实验值吻合较好,正、逆反应的活化能分别为58.40和53.08 kJ/mol,醋酸甲酯的吸附平衡常数为0.074 2。     

醋酸甲酯催化精馏水解新工艺的工业试验及计算机模拟

在醋酸甲酯催化精馏水解新工艺取得中试成功基础上进行工业试验研究.催化精馏塔塔径1000mm、塔高22000mm;催化精馏段填充阳离子交换树脂催化剂捆扎包,提馏段填充波纹丝网填料.试验研究了进料水酯比、回流进料比和空速对酯分解率和水解液中酸水比的影响.新工艺使醋酸甲酯的水解率由固定床老工艺的23%-25%提高到57%-64%.应用模拟计算软件对试验过程进行了计算机模拟.     

醋酸甲酯水解工艺设计

醋酸甲酯的近监界水解工艺在反应技术方面具备先进性，该路线工业化前途的经济性关键在于能量的综合利用。本文初步设计了水解工段能量回收方案，并对其进行了模拟计算。模拟结果表明，通过反应器后的副产高压蒸汽和流体膨胀做功回收能量，可以保证近监界水解工艺在只需补充少量能源的情况下，实现过程的经济合理运转。     

蒸汽渗透耦合乳酸乙酯水解反应条件优化

水解反应中产物的富集将限制转化率的提高,蒸汽渗透可以在线移除特定产物,提高反应转化率。采用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)/陶瓷复合膜在线脱除乳酸乙酯水解生成的乙醇,优化了反应条件。考察了蒸汽渗透耦合乳酸乙酯水解过程中温度、催化剂用量、水酯摩尔比以及膜面积和反应液初始质量比(S/m_0)对乳酸乙酯转化率的影响,最佳条件为:反应温度95℃、催化剂用量2%、水酯初始摩尔比10∶1、S/m_0为0.057 m~2/kg,该条件下反应3 h时,乳酸的收率达到将近100%。     

“反应-精馏在醋酸甲酯水解工艺中的应用研究”通过鉴定

“反应 精馏在醋酸甲酯水解工艺中的应用研究”是河北科技大学与石家庄化工化纤有限公司共同完成的科研课题。醋酸甲酯作为聚乙烯醇生产中不可或缺的中间产物 ,传统的工艺和水解方法已经制约了工业化生产。该研究采用离散型催化反应精馏装置 ,在工业生产中率先将催化反应精馏技术用于醋酸甲酯的水解 ,使催化反应过程和精馏分离过程有机结合起来 ,实现了两者的耦合 ,醋酸甲酯的水解率由原来的 2 4 %提高到 80 %。该工艺开发了离散型催化反应精馏装置 ,解决了无法控制催化剂在塔内存在状态的难题 ,使催化剂呈准流态化状态 ,接触良好 ,不易粉…     

RuCl3/TPPTS催化CO选择还原间氯硝基苯反应

将水溶性膦／钌配合物用于以CO为还原剂的水／有机两相间氯硝基苯选择还原为间氯苯胺的反应．考察了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与氢氧化钠(NaOH)浓度、反应温度、CO压力以及膦／钌比例等因素对反应结果的影响．研究结果表明，当反应条件为135℃、CO压力3MPa、NaOH浓度2mol／L时，反应8h，问氯硝基苯的转化率为97％，间氨苯胺的选择性可达到99％以上．通过简单的相分离操作就能将水相中的催化剂循环使用，循环使用3次后，间氯硝基苯的转化率和间氨苯胺的收率仍可达到89％以上．     

硫代双乙醇的超临界水热分解过程

在等温管式平推流反应器中研究了超临界水中硫代双乙醇 (TDG)的水热分解反应 ,反应温度为 42 5～ 5 2 5℃ ,压力为 2 2～ 30 MPa,反应停留时间为 0 .6～ 6 3.2 s。结果表明 ,TDG可在超临界水中快速、彻底分解。TDG分解产物为甲烷、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、乙烯、氢气、乙醇、乙醛、硫化氢和单质硫。 TDG转化率随停留时间增加而增大。随温度和压力升高 ,TDG分解速率加快。分析表明 ,TDG的水热分解过程是通过水解和热解两条反应路径进行的     

醋酸甲酯水解工艺研究进展

聚乙烯醇(PVA)可生产纤维、粘接剂及涂料等产品,广泛应用于纺织、化工和建筑等众多领域.醋酸甲酯是聚乙烯醇生产过程的重要副产物,需经水解反应生成醋酸和甲醇后回收使用.简化醋酸甲酯回收流程、降低能耗是降低PVA生产成本的关键.本文重点阐述了国内外科研人员关于醋酸甲酯水解工艺的研究成果和研究现状,以期为促进醋酸甲酯水解工艺研究和降低PVA生产成本提供方向.     

醋酸甲酯催化精馏水解塔的模拟

以平衡级模型用块状三对角矩阵技术,对强极性的醋酸甲酯催化精馏水解过程进行模拟,在改变空速、水酯比、回流比等操作条件以及塔板数下,用模拟的酯水解率、塔内温度、水解液的酸水比与实验值进行了比较,结果令人满意     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to