应用基因表达谱芯片研究中药复方对心肌梗死的药效机制

目的:麝香保心丸、双龙方等具有益气活血的中药复方均可有效治疗心肌梗死,该文以麝香保心丸、双龙方为研究对象,从基因表达的角度探讨该类中药复方治疗心肌梗死的药效机制。方法:建立大鼠左冠状动脉结扎心肌梗死模型,药物干预7 d后取心肌梗死区边缘缺血组织,建立基因表达谱,筛选治疗前后的差异表达基因,进行生物信息学分析,同时采用RT-PCR对芯片数据进行验证。结果:两种益气活血方干预后,大鼠心肌组织的基因表达谱发生改变,筛选得到224个共有的差异表达基因,涉及能量代谢相关的甘油三磷酸脱氢酶活性、糖酵解/糖质新生等通路。结论:心肌梗死是一种多基因表达异常的心血管疾病,益气活血中药在发挥其治疗作用时,对224个共有差异表达基因具有相似调节作用,且主要通过改善大鼠心肌能量代谢异常,达到治疗心肌梗死的作用。     

寻找物质基础非当前中药现代化关键

从寻找药效物质基础是否可能是必要以及成分不明能否实行中药质控三方面论述了寻找物质基础非当前中药现代化关键。指出成分清楚，机制明确及高效，速效等并非是现代中药所必需的特征，分离寻找药效物质基础不是当前中药现代化的首要任务，在成分未完全明了的基础上进行中药质控和建立具有中医药特色的药效评估体系是中药现代化关键，中药质控应强调多环节，多手段和整体特征性模糊识别，而药效评估应在方法学符合现代科学基础上，注重体现中药整体多系统调整，温和缓效，证效相关的作用特点，并与质控相联系进行研究。     

中药现代化研究的生物技术

中药在人类疾病的预防和治疗以及天然药物筛选中占有重要地位。随着科学技术的进步，生物技术在中药现代研究中展示出良好的应用前景。可用扩增片段长度多态性、限制性片段长度多态性、随机扩增多态性和微卫星DNA等生物技术进行中药材的甄别和品种选育，利用遗传转化、组织和细胞培养进行药材资源的保护和有效成分或部位的大规模发酵生产。蛋白质组、生物芯片等高通量技术可应用于中药作用的分子机制研究，从蛋白质图谱和基因表达的变化中寻找中药作用的靶点和途径。把机制研究成果应用于新药研发和中药的二次开发，将极大推动中药现代化的进程。     

浅谈中药鉴定与中药现代化

目的浅谈21世纪我国中药现代化发展战略，为中药鉴定与中药现代化提供参考。方法文献与现实分析相结合的方式，揭示中药现代化及中药鉴定发展的趋势。结果现代新技术的应用是中药鉴定与中药现代化的必然发展趋势。结论中药在本世纪既面临机遇，又面临挑战，通过发展中医药理论，建立中药生产规范与质量标准规范，充分吸收应用生物技术，引进现代新技术，开发中药信息系统，促进中药现代化的迅速发展。     

中药复方化学研究思路与方法

中药复方化学研究是中药现代化研究中的关键问题，本文在系统总结归纳国内外中药复方化学研究思路和方法的基础上，指出对于中药复方化学的研究应鼓励“百花齐放，百家争鸣”。将中医中药传统理论与现代科学技术相结合，变模糊判断为量化评价，并有创新和突破；在实验设计上，体内体外相结合，有机成分与无机成分相结合。静态与动态分析相结合；在研究方法上，应尽可能采用现代化分析技术开展可量化的、与中医药理论相对应的药理模型的研究，使研究工作更趋合理和科学，最终阐明中医药治疗疾病的配伍规则和作用机制。     

中药现代化

中药现代化是指在继承和发扬中医药优势和特色的基础上，充分利用现代科学技术的理论、方法和手段，借鉴国际通行的医药标准和规范，对中药进行研究、开发、生产和管理，提高中药的国际竞争力，适应当代社会发展需求。我国中药现代化研究自20世纪20年代开始以来，将传统中医药理论与现代生命科学技术相结合，从中药的作用机制到临床疗效、从药材种植到药品产供销等各个环节开展现代化研究。随着分子生物学与细胞生物学技术的飞速发展和我国对中药现代化研究的投入增加，我国的中药现代化研究取得了长足的进步。本文就中药资源、中药化学、中药药剂和药理研究等方面的研究进展作一简要介绍。     

长必安干预大肠癌转移的基因芯片研究

目的：探讨中药长必安抑制大肠癌转移的机制。方法：应用含227个靶基因芯片分析长必安干预后的大肠癌裸鼠转移模型的基因表达谱差异。结果：发现p47LBC、DKPZP434A2322与syn-thetase-like protein mRNA等3个基因在肠癌转移模型发生转移和未发生转移的癌组织中存在表达差异，长必安对后两个基因产生上调作用。结论：中药长必安对多个癌转移相关基因可能有调控作用。     

肾消康对糖尿病大鼠肾组织基因myosin Va表达的影响

目的：观察中药复方肾消康对糖尿病肾病大鼠的防治作用及对肾脏基因表达的影响,探讨糖尿病肾病（DN）的发病机制,揭示中药复方肾消康防治DN的作用机理,筛选药效作用靶点,为临床推广应用提供科学依据。方法：本实验采用链脲佐菌素（STZ）加高热量饮食建立糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤模型。运用放免、生化、光镜、电镜及美国Affymetrix公司的基因表达谱芯片、RT-PCR等先进检测手段和方法,观察了多项指标,尤其是通过聚类分析寻找和DN有重要相关性的基因,并进一步采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法做验证实验研究。结果：肌球蛋白Va（myosin Va）,在糖尿病大鼠肾脏表达下调,肾消康治疗组表达上调。结论：应用Affymetrix Rat2302.0基因表达谱芯片检测糖尿病大鼠肾脏基因的表达,myosin Va是筛选出的肾脏差异表达基因和药效靶点之一,并对该基因做荧光定量RT-PCR测序分析,这在国内外尚属首次。基因功能分析表明,在糖尿病状态下,myosin Va表达下调,与糖尿病肾脏损伤有重要相关性,而经肾消康治疗后大鼠肾脏组织中myosin Va表达上调,可见肾消康对myosin Va基因表达具有良性调节作用,其作用机制还有待于进一步研究。     

肾消康对糖尿病大鼠肾组织基因myosin Va表达的影响

目的:观察中药复方肾消康对糖尿病肾病大鼠的防治作用及对肾脏基因表达的影响,探讨糖尿病肾病(DN)的发病机制,揭示中药复方肾消康防治DN的作用机理,筛选药效作用靶点,为临床推广应用提供科学依据。方法:本实验采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)加高热量饮食建立糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤模型。运用放免、生化、光镜、电镜及美国Affymetrix公司的基因表达谱芯片、RT-PCR等先进检测手段和方法,观察了多项指标,尤其是通过聚类分析寻找和DN有重要相关性的基因,并进一步采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法做验证实验研究。结果:肌球蛋白Va(myosin Va),在糖尿病大鼠肾脏表达下调,肾消康治疗组表达上调。结论:应用Affymetrix Rat2302.0基因表达谱芯片检测糖尿病大鼠肾脏基因的表达,myosin Va是筛选出的肾脏差异表达基因和药效靶点之一,并对该基因做荧光定量RT-PCR测序分析,这在国内外尚属首次。基因功能分析表明,在糖尿病状态下,myosin Va表达下调,与糖尿病肾脏损伤有重要相关性,而经肾消康治疗后大鼠肾脏组织中myosin Va表达上调,可见肾消康对myosin Va基因表达具有良性调节作用,其作用机制还有待于进一步研究。     

大鼠慢性高眼压视网膜损害相关基因表达谱的研究

目的研究大鼠激光慢性高眼压视网膜损害相关基因表达谱的改变。方法采用5705点的大鼠高密度Oligo基因芯片，对运用532-二极管激光建立大鼠高眼压模型视网膜的基因表达情况进行检测，以对侧眼作为对照。结果通过筛选基因表达谱，得到5277条在大鼠视网膜中有表达的基因，然后采用两两对比组合，从中筛选出了11条差异在2倍以上的基因，其中3奈上调，8条下调。结论在大鼠高眼压模型视网膜中筛选到了11条表达差异〉2倍的基因，可望为青光眼的神经损伤机制及治疗提供新的思路。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.