基于迭代训练和集成学习的图像分类方法

针对卷积神经网络提取特征信息不完整导致图像分类方法分类精度不高等问题,利用深度学习的方法搭建卷积神经网络模型框架,提出一种基于迭代训练和集成学习的图像分类方法。利用数据增强对图像数据集进行预处理操作,在提取图像特征时,采用一种迭代训练卷积神经网络的方式,得到充分有效的图像特征,在训练分类器时,采用机器学习中集成学习的思想。分别在特征提取后训练分类器,根据各分类器贡献的大小,赋予它们不同的权重值,取得比单个分类器更好的性能,提高图像分类的精度。该方法在Stanford Dogs、UEC FOOD-100和CIFAR-100数据集上的实验结果表明了其较好的分类性能。     

基于多样化特征卷积神经网络的情感分析

深度网络模型在微博情感倾向性分析过程中难以有效利用情感特征信息,为此,提出一种基于多样化特征信息的卷积神经网络(MF-CNN)模型。结合词语多样化的抽象特征和2种网络输入矩阵计算方法,利用句中的情感信息,以优化情感分类效果。在COAE2014和微博语料数据集上进行文本情感分析,结果表明,MF-CNN模型的情感分类效果优于传统的分类器和深度卷积神经网络模型。     

基于卷积特征和贝叶斯分类器的人脸识别

为解决传统人脸识别算法特征提取困难的问题,提出了基于卷积特征和贝叶斯分类器的人脸识别方法,利用卷积神经网络提取人脸特征,通过主成分分析法对特征降维,最后利用贝叶斯分类器进行判别分类,在ORL（olivetti research laboratory）人脸库上进行实验,获得了99.00%的识别准确率。实验结果表明,卷积神经网络提取的人脸图像特征具有很强的辨识度,与PCA（principal component analysis）和贝叶斯分类器结合之后可有效提高人脸识别的准确率。     

基于CNN-BIGRU的中文文本情感分类模型

在当今商业领域,对网络评论的情感分类一直是一个比较热门的研究方向,而为了克服传统机器学习方法所构建分类器会产生较大计算开销,精度表现较差的缺点,提出一种基于深度学习模型中卷积神经网络(CNN)与循环神经网络(RNN)模型的情感分类方法。在以往的研究中,卷积神经网络往往被用来提取文本的局部特征信息,但却容易忽视文本的长距离特征,而RNN则往往被用来提取句子的长距离依赖信息,但容易陷入梯度爆炸问题。因此,结合卷积神经网络对于局部特征信息的良好提取能力与循环神经网络对于长距离依赖信息的记忆能力,构建了一个CNN-BIGRU混合模型,用以提取文本的局部特征以及文本的长距离特征。其中循环神经网络模型使用了双向GRU模型,以避免RNN模型的梯度爆炸与梯度消失问题。在谭松波的酒店评论数据集上的实验结果表明,利用该模型,实验分类的准确率比单独使用卷积神经网络模型最高提升了26.3%,比单独使用循环神经网络模型最高提升了7.9%,从而提高了对中文文本情感分类的精度,并减少了计算开销。     

基于BiGRU和贝叶斯分类器的文本分类

针对传统的循环神经网络模型在处理长期依赖问题时面临着梯度爆炸或者梯度消失的问题,且参数多训练模型时间长,提出一种基于双向GRU神经网络和贝叶斯分类器的文本分类方法。利用双向GRU神经网络提取文本特征,通过TF-IDF算法权重赋值,采用贝叶斯分类器判别分类,改进单向GRU对后文依赖性不足的缺点,减少参数,缩短模型的训练时间,提高文本分类效率。在两类文本数据上进行对比仿真实验,实验结果表明,该分类算法与传统的循环神经网络相比能够有效提高文本分类的效率和准确率。     

多特征混合模型文本情感分析方法

近年来,深度学习被广泛应用于文本情感分析。其中文本卷积神经网络（TextCNN）最具代表性,但是TxetCNN的语义特征提取存在词嵌入维度语义特征丢失、最大池化算法特征提取不足和文本长期依赖关系丢失的问题。针对以上问题,提出多特征混合模型（BiLSTM-MFCNN）的文本情感分析方法。该方法使用双向长短记忆网络（BiLSTM）学习文本的长期依赖关系;改进TextCNN的卷积层和池化层提出多特征卷积神经网络（MFCNN）,卷积层利用五种不同的卷积算法,分别从句子维度、整个词嵌入维度、单个词嵌入维度、相邻词向量维度和单个词向量维度提取文本的语义特征,池化层利用最大池化算法和平均池化算法,获取文本的情感特征。在中文NLPCC Emotion Classification Challenge和COAE2014数据集、英文Twitter数据集进行对比实验,实验结果表明该混合模型在文本情感分析任务中能够取得更好的效果。     

基于双通道卷积神经网络的文本情感分类算法

针对现有深度学习方法在文本情感分类任务中特征提取能力方面的不足,提出基于扩展特征和动态池化的双通道卷积神经网络的文本情感分类算法.首先,结合情感词、词性、程度副词、否定词和标点符号等多种影响文本情感倾向的词语特征,形成一个扩展文本特征.然后,把词向量特征与扩展文本特征分别作为卷积神经网络的两个输入通道,采用动态k-max池化策略,提升模型提取特征的能力.在多个标准英文数据集上的文本情感分类实验表明,文中算法的分类性能不仅高于单通道卷积神经网络算法,而且相比一些代表性算法也具有一定的优势.     

融合通道特征的混合神经网络文本分类模型

基于卷积神经网络与循环神经网络的混合文本分类模型通常使用单通道词嵌入。单通道词嵌入空间维度低,特征表示单一,导致一维卷积神经网络不能充分学习文本的空间特征,影响了模型的性能。因此,该文提出一种融合通道特征的混合神经网络文本分类模型。该模型使用了双通道词嵌入丰富文本表示,增加了空间维度,在卷积的过程中融合了通道特征,优化了空间特征与时序特征的结合方式,最终提高了混合模型的分类性能。在IMDB、20NewsGroups、复旦中文数据集、THUC数据集上进行实验,该模型的分类准确率相比于传统卷积神经网络平均提升了1%,在THUC数据集上准确率最高提升了1.3%。     

CNN-ELM混合短文本分类模型

针对目前自然语言处理研究中,使用卷积神经网络（CNN）进行短文本分类任务时可以结合不同神经网络结构与分类算法以提高分类性能的问题,提出了一种结合卷积神经网络与极速学习机的CNN-ELM混合短文本分类模型。使用词向量训练构成文本矩阵作为输入数据,然后使用卷积神经网络提取特征并使用Highway网络进行特征优化,最后使用误差最小化极速学习机(EM-ELM)作为分类器完成短文本分类任务。与其他模型相比,该混合模型能够提取更具代表性的特征并能快速准确地输出分类结果。在多种英文数据集上的实验结果表明提出的CNN-ELM混合短文本分类模型比传统机器学习模型与深度学习模型更适合完成短文本分类任务。     

基于卷积长短时记忆网络的人体行为识别研究

人体行为识别利用深度学习网络模型自动提取数据的深层特征,但传统机器学习算法存在依赖手工特征提取、模型泛化能力差等问题。提出基于空时特征融合的深度学习模型（CLT-net）用于人体行为识别。采用卷积神经网络（CNN）自动提取人体行为数据的深层次隐含特征,利用长短时记忆（LSTM）网络构建时间序列模型,学习人体行为特征在时间序列上的长期依赖关系。在此基础上,通过softmax分类器实现对不同人体行为分类。在DaLiAc数据集的实验结果表明,相比CNN、LSTM、BP模型,CLT-net模型对13种人体行为的总体识别率达到了97.6%,具有较优的人体行为识别分类性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.