中医药参与养老服务模式研究

随着人口老龄化越来越严重,养老问题成为了当今社会关注的热点和难点问题之一。国务院提出发展中医药养老服务,发挥中医药在养老方面的独特优势。本文对我国当前不同养老模式的优缺点和中医"医养结合"养老模式的优势进行分析探讨,对中医药参与养老服务模式提出政策建议:提高资金投入,鼓励社会力量积极参与中医药养老服务,构建养老服务体系,加快中医药医疗保健服务与养老服务相结合的步伐,实现健康中国的目标。     

贵阳市社区养老服务供给状况及影响因素

目的从社会养老服务的需求与供给角度分析社会养老服务体系存在的问题以及原因,构建欠发达地区社会养老服务体系。方法采用问卷调查方法对贵阳市社区老年人社会养老服务进行了调查。结果社区老年人在医疗健康类、婚姻家庭类、文化教育类和维权就业类服务领域存在较大的服务需求,而欠发达地区养老服务供给严重不足,老年人养老服务需求难以满足。结论欠发达地区社会养老服务体系受政策法规、建设资金、人才队伍、需求评估、质量评估和体系监督等因素影响,构建以需求为导向、以供给为目标的社会养老服务体系是解决欠发达地区养老服务供需矛盾的重要措施。     

中医药特色社区养老的理论阐述与路径创新

<正>目前我国养老成为社会热点问题;城市化进程不断加快,人口的社区化逐渐成型,传统的居家养老、机构养老也随之表露出种种不足[1]。而社区养老模式综合了家庭养老与机构养老形式的长处,将家庭养老和机构养老模式的最佳契合点集中于社区[2]。中医药依照病情差异,因时因人因地制定出最佳诊治方案,很少依靠大型设备检查或开出大处方等[3]。将中医药的保健与养生引进社区,为社区融入中医药特色,使社区养老服务更有质量,与中医药联合的新型社区养老模式将会发展的更     

机构养老服务的认识误区、原则及改进措施

<正>我国老年人口基数大,增长快并日益呈现高龄化、空巢化、病残化趋势。加强社会养老服务体系建设已经成为老年人社会福利服务发展的重点。1机构养老服务的认识误区1.1将机构养老等同于机构养老服务或养老机构机构养老、机构养老服务及养老机构是3个不同的概念。机构养老是与居家养老相对应的一种养老方式或模式,指以各种养老机构     

社会转型期构建社区养老服务体系的探讨

进入21世纪,中国社会发展面临着社会转型的巨大冲击,中国社会迈进了人口老龄化的门坎,随着“银发浪潮”而来的社会问题成为无法回避的严峻而紧迫的重大课题。学者们对于这个问题提出了各自的观点和建议,其中以家庭养老为基础,社区养老服务为依托,机构养老为补充,将是未来社会养老的主要模式〔1~4〕等观点得到大部分人的认同。本文分析了我国社会转型期构建社区养老服务体系的必要性,并介绍了上海市近年来针对社区养老服务这一问题进行的有益探索与实践,进而提出了几点思考。1社会转型期与社区养老服务中国的社会转型期是指社会发展的形态从…     

智慧社区养老视角下健康养老服务体系的构建

目的探讨智慧社区健康养老服务体系的构建。方法研究采用问卷调查等方法,对郑州市30个社区智慧养老及健康养老的现状进行调查。结果社区养老服务基本上能够实现智慧化,但老年人使用率较低,老年人希望社区能够提供健康服务。结论智慧社区养老是社区养老和居家养老发展的必然趋势,在社区内开展智慧健康养老服务有利于帮助老年人健康长寿,提高生活质量,实现健康养老。     

沈阳市老年居民对社区中医药健康养老服务使用现状调查研究

目的 了解沈阳市老年居民对社区中医药健康养老服务使用情况及诉求。方法 在沈阳市随机向60岁及其以上的老年居民发放201份调查问卷。结果 共回收到201份有效问卷,问卷中的年龄、文化程度、职业、医保、宣传教育情况、有无慢病、家属从事行业等项目均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有78.1%的老年居民充分了解后愿意使用社区中医药健康养老服务。老年居民社区中医药健康养老服务需求依次为中药饮片、中药拔罐、中医膳食指导等。结论 沈阳市老年居民的中医药健康养老服务使用程度有待提高,大多数老年居民了解后有意愿参加,需求倾向性明显,未来可通过加大中医药健康养老服务宣传教育,完善相关配套政策与基础设施建设,有针对性地提高老年居民对中医药健康养老服务的使用程度。     

健康服务业与养老服务业人才培养

<正>为满足我国人口老龄化快速发展阶段持续增长的养老服务需求,促进健康服务业及养老服务业发展十分关键~(〔1〕)。2013年10月14日国务院提出近年发展我国健康服务业的"八大任务、七项举措",明确指出通过开放市场准入、创新投融资引导方式、加大财政和土地支持政策等方式完成大力发展医疗服务,积极发展老年病医院、护理院、临终关怀医院等医疗机构,加快发展健康养老服务。由此可以预见近几年全国各地的健     

养老服务发展的三重困惑及化解机制

<正>全社会一直在努力构建一个全方位的养老服务体系,营造一个具有多样化的养老模式。然而,处于发展中的养老方式和养老服务,无论从理论视角看,还是从实践视角分析,尚存在基本界定不清晰、基本需求不清楚等困惑和难题。本文对养老服务发展的三重困惑及化解机制进行综述。     

城市社区养老服务体系中的问题和对策

目的了解城市社区老年人养老模式现状,追踪传统养老模式和新型养老模式的结合点,发现其中存在的问题及原因,并提出解决对策。方法以合肥市NB社区为例,通过现场调研和实地走访获得社区老年人基本情况、养老服务组织机构、工作人员、养老服务设施等相关数据,并通过深入访谈分析城市社区养老服务体系中的问题及原因。结果该社区养老模式单一,服务内容局限,服务队伍匮乏,老年人养老选择迷茫。结论建立"政策引导、政府主管、部门协调、社区服务、单位协助、机构补充、全社会共同关注"的城市多元化养老服务体系。     

More than wisdom

This paper assesses whether the same factors are predictive of health service utilization among this ethnic group as is true of the general population of seniors. The data suggest that the health of Chinese elders is just as bad as other seniors, and their utilization is very similar. They have a strong preference for Western over Chinese medicine and for Western trained doctors over Chinese practitioners, and use services with Chinese staff, probably because of language. Similarly, the predictors of service use are strikingly similar to predictors revealed in utilization studies throughout the industrialized world. Ability to speak English, immigration history, and country of origin are unrelated to the use of these services. However, approximately half of Chinese seniors also engage in traditional Chinese care. Religious beliefs and a preference for traditional Chinese medicine are strongly predictive of the use of traditional care. It would appear that distinctive culture is related to the use of traditional care, but not the use of the western health care system.     

养老机构养老护理员培训现状及需求调查分析

目的 了解养老机构养老护理员培训现状及其对培训方式和内容的需求情况,为提升养老护理员培训质量提供参考依据.方法 采用便利抽样法抽取养老机构中783名养老护理员,进行问卷调查.结果 持证和未持证的养老护理员在相关知识和技能得分的比较,除生活照料操作技能外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);持证和未持证的养老护理员80％...     

HIV in prisons: the London experience

The commissioning of health services for all prisoners in publicly run prisons in England was transferred to local Primary Care Trusts in April 2006, pledging to provide an equivalent standard of health care as that in the community. We reviewed our experience of providing a specialist in-reach HIV service by performing a retrospective case notes review of all HIV-positive prisoners who accessed care from the prison genitourinary medicine service in three London prisons. A total of 112 HIV-positive prisoners were seen by the prison health-care service between April 2004 and 2006. This is the first study to look at how well HIV services are being provided during this transitional period of commissioning health services and provides insight into the challenges facing prison health-care providers. Good HIV outcomes are possible in prison but frequent transfers within the prison system and lack of effective HIV training among prison staff represent barriers to good care.     

医养结合型养老院糖尿病人的护理与健康教育研究

我国目前老年人群的特点有:老龄人口数量多、老龄化速度过快、空巢老人数量多、患病率高以及社会相关的养老保障措施不够完善等。基于这样的社会大环境之下,我国对于老年人群的养老保障措施以及护理康复服务越来越重视,医养结合的模式也应时而生并且还在进行着不断的发展与完善。由于老龄人群日益显著的问题,养老服务机构的转型以及各种资源的整合已经是大势所趋。由于人们的生活方式和饮食结构的巨变以及与日俱增的生活压力等种种因素致使我们如今越来越多的人患上了糖尿病,糖尿病的发病率居高不下。为了推动医养结合型护理模式发展以及对于老年糖尿病患者相关的护理与健康指导的进步改善,该文分析目前医养结合型护理模式以及对于老年糖尿病患者的护理,希望能为医养结合型的养老院糖尿病人的护理工作提供具有价值的参考。     

Is there a role for traditional medicine in basic health services in Africa? A plea for a community perspective

Traditional medicine in Africa is contrasted with biomedicine. Most traditional medical theories have a social and religious character and emphasize prevention and holistic features. Traditional medical practices are usually characterized by the healer's personal involvement, by secrecy and a reward system. Biomedical theory and practice show an almost opposite picture: asocial, irreligious, curative and organ-directed; professional detachment, public knowledge and – until recently –'free of charge'. It is suggested that local communities do not expect that basic health care will improve when traditional healers become integrated into the service. They ask instead for improvement of basic health care itself: more services with better access, more dedication and respect from doctors and nurses, more medicines and personnel. Fieldwork needs to be done at the community level to arrive at a better understanding and assessment of the community's opinion concerning a possible role of traditional medicine in basic health care.     

Community care for Indigenous older people: An update

In this brief paper, we outline some important messages in the literature pertaining to community care for Indigenous older people. Such literature has been scarce until relatively recently. These key messages are particularly important as aged care sector reforms are implemented. We highlight significant research findings concerning health, care preferences and service delivery challenges for the provision of community care for this population group. To be successful, a service needs to be relevant, and to be relevant, services need to take a community development approach in their development and ongoing management.     

Intensive care-management at home: an alternative to institutional care?

BACKGROUND: Care management and assessment of need are the cornerstones of the community care reforms in the UK. Although much of the research base has been on highly vulnerable older people, in practice, care management has been implemented for a wider group. OBJECTIVE: To examine how intensive care-management at home has developed. DESIGN: Postal survey of all local authority social services departments in England. METHOD: We used an overview questionnaire (85% response) and an old-age services questionnaire (77% response). We classified local authorities according to the presence or absence of seven indicators of intensive care management at home. RESULTS: 97% of social services departments had a goal of providing a community-based alternative to residential and nursing-home care. However, only 5% had specialist intensive care-management services for older people. Other key indicators of intensive care-management, such as devolved budgets, health service care managers, small caseloads and clear eligibility criteria, were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: There was little evidence of intensive care-management at home in older peoples' services. This is of concern, given the move towards community-based provision for frail older people. Closer links between secondary health-care services (such as geriatric medicine) and intensive care-management at home may promote more effective care at home for those who are most vulnerable.     

The crisis in sexual health and developing genitourinary medicine services: lessons from a primary care trust

The House of Commons Health Select Committee recently described a national crisis in sexual health. Alarmed by dramatic increases in the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and appalled by over-stretched, under-resourced genitourinary (GU) medicine services, the committee has called for urgent action. The increasing rates of STIs locally, a significant cluster of syphilis cases, and an over-burdened GU medicine service prompted Walsall primary care trust to undertake an evaluation of local service provision. The results were used to inform the development of GU medicine services locally and Walsall's sexual health strategy. This paper reports the results of the evaluation and the implications for service development. The Walsall GU medicine service was evaluated using three approaches, based on standards for GU medicine service provision identified from the literature. Routine data were used to analyse trends in STIs and service activity, including access times. These data further informed the evaluation process. Local stakeholder views on GU medicine service provision were sought using semi-structured interviews. Most standards relating to the provision of core services, including those for the management of patients with HIV infection, were met. High levels of patient satisfaction were reported. However, under-staffing, inadequate clinic facilities, and limited joint working with other agencies were highlighted as key concerns. Tackling sexual health inequalities and improving the sexual health of the population requires investment in resources and manpower, improved partnership working, and configuring services around the needs of patients. In addition, and perhaps most importantly, it will require a shift in how both health professionals and the public perceive and utilize sexual health services.     

New approaches to sexual health services in a rural health board area: involving service users and primary care professionals

Research was undertaken to inform the future development of sexual health services for the population of a rural health board. Three separate surveys were carried out: (i) users of local and regional genitourinary medicine (GUM) services, (ii) users of local family planning clinics, and (iii) all local general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses-to obtain views on current sexual health services and the optimum future configuration of services. Respondents to the GUM survey (n=137) attended GUM service for a range of sexual health reasons; confidentiality was the most important factor affecting choice of service provider and almost half (44%) would have been happy to receive the service from their GP. Family planning clinic respondents (n=298) attended clinics for a range of reasons; confidentiality was the most important factor affecting choice of service provider and less than one-third (29%) would attend their GP for a similar service. Both GUM and family planning clinic survey respondents supported the development of clinics providing a broad range of sexual health services. Almost all (97%) GP respondents in the primary care professionals survey saw patients for sexual health-related consultations; over half (54%) treated sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Significant training needs in sexual health were identified for primary care professionals. New models for the provision of sexual health services are proposed for this health board area.     

医养结合服务的现状研究及对策讨论

本文通过医养结合相关研究文献收集和梳理,分析了居家养老、养医合作、养内设医和医疗机构引入养老服务四种主要医养结合模式的不足之处,如医养供需矛盾、主体养老机构医养结合紧密性欠缺、相关政策未能有效扶持、高水平医护人员不足等.针对这些问题,开展了对策讨论:可以从理念宣传、人才培养、加强政府引导、适老化环境建设与改造等方面着手...