氧化铝陶瓷基复合材料的制备与微观组织

采用燃烧合成法在陶瓷和石墨铸型中成功制备了Al2O3-Cr和Al2O3-(Cr2O3)-Cr陶瓷基复合材料。通过热力学计算与分析，探讨了AlO3和Cr2O3稀释剂与反应起始温度、绝热温度的关系。加入稀释剂使反应起始温度升高，而绝热温度降低。研究了稀释剂和冷却条件对复合材料微观组织的影响。改变稀释剂配比可得到Al2O3和Al2O3-Cr2O3固溶体基复合材料，在稀释剂含量适当时，金属Cr相细小、均匀地分布于氧化铝陶瓷基体，尺寸达到亚微米级；石墨型所得试样组织的均匀性和微细度优于陶瓷铸型。     

Al_2O_3对镁铬耐火材料在炉外精炼渣中溶蚀的影响

提高真空吹氧脱碳(VOD)与氩氧脱碳(AOD)炉镁铬耐火材料炉衬的寿命,目前仍是重要问题,我们曾对不同Cr_2O_3含量的镁铬耐火材料在炉外精炼渣中的溶蚀进行了研究,本文采用同样实     

中等品位铝土矿强化石灰烧结机理及溶出试验研究

针对我国资源特点,本文提出不同干传统的石灰烧结法的强化石灰烧结法机理,采用铝硅比为3.84的矿石,按照钙铝比为1.2～1.6进行配矿,配料以生成铝酸-钙和钙铝黄长石为目的,在烧结温度1290℃和烧结时间90min条件下进行熟料烧成.实验结果表明,强化石灰烧结法烧姑熟料的溶出性能较好,烧结熟料氧化铝溶出率达到了82.8%.物相分析表明,熟料主要物相为铝酸一钙和钙铝黄长石,赤泥中的主要物相为钙铝黄长石.     

钛及钛合金表面金属电沉积的预处理问题

分别采用大气等离子喷涂APS和带延长Laval喷嘴的大气等离子喷涂制备了Al2O3-3%TiO2涂层,对涂层的相组成、显微结构、结合强度、显微硬度等进行了评价,并和常规大气等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的性能进行了对比,根据粒子在焰流中的特征对涂层性能差异进行了讨论。结果表明,两种Al2O3-3%TiO2涂层均以γ-Al2O3为主,其中还含有少量的α-Al2O3和微晶或非晶。带Laval喷嘴APS所制备涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度和结合强度均明显劣于普通APS涂层,但前者涂层的沉积率达到70%,明显高于后者,大大降低了涂层的生成成本。粒子特征分析表明,延长的Laval喷嘴降低了粒子在等离子焰流中的速度,延长了粒子在焰流中的停留时间,从而使涂层的结合强度和致密度降低,而使涂层沉积率有明显升高。     

Parameter optimization for plasma-sprayed Al_2O_(3P)/Al composite coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy

Al_2O_(3P)/Al composite coatings were prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy by plasma spraying technology with mixed powders of Al and Al_2O_3. An orthogonal test containing six factors and five levels was carried out to acquire the optimum technical parameters. Microstructures and properties of the composite coatings were studied. The results show that the coatings consist of Al_2O_3 particulates distributed uniformly and Al matrix, and the interface between the particulate and matrix is continuous, compact and clean. With increasing the mass fraction of Al_2O_3 in the mixed powders, the volume fraction of Al_2O_3 in the coatings increases. The Al_2O_(3P)/Al composite coating with 14% Al_2O_3 volume fraction has more compact microstructure and more satisfactory properties.     

纳米-Al2O3颗粒对镍电结晶初期阶段的影响

利用循环伏安(CV)、计时安培(CA)和电化学阻抗(EIS)研究了纳米Al2O3颗粒在不同电位(vs.SCE)下对Ni自硫酸盐镀液在铜基体上电沉积的影响。结果表明,Ni-Al2O3体系共沉积的起始电位为:–740mV左右;在不同的电位下,纳米-Al2O3颗粒对镍沉积过程的影响有所差别;在电位–740～–830mV范围,与纯Ni沉积相比较,Ni-Al2O3体系沉积的峰电流所对应的孕育期tm明显缩短,反映Al2O3颗粒在阴极表面有利于镍沉积成核,且促进了电结晶成核。Al2O3颗粒吸附在阴极表面可能会阻碍部分离子电荷放电和物质传输过程,尤其在电位–250～–650mV范围,致使Ni-Al2O3体系沉积阻抗增加。在较高的过电位下,Al2O3颗粒的促进作用有所减弱,许多颗粒堆积在电极表面上还可能减小Ni-Al2O3沉积的还原反应电流。在电位–890mV,Ni-Al2O3体系电沉积初期阶段的成核过程基本遵循三维的Scharifker-Hill瞬时成核模式。     

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND INTERFACIAL STRUCTURES OF ALUMINIUM BORATE WHISKER REINFORCED ALUMINIUM COMPOSITES

Quality 9Al_2O_3-2B_2O_3 whisker reinforced 6061Al or Al composites have beenprepared by technique of squeeze casting.The mechanical properties of the9Al_2O_3·2B_2O_3(w)/6061Al composites could be hardly improved by T6 treatment,owingto cause the remarkable interracial reaction.An observation under high resolution trans-mission electron microscope on interfaces shows that the serious chemical reaction occursand the product is Al_2MgO_4.But no such reaction is found at the interfaces of 9Al_2O_3.2B_2O_3(w)/Al composite.EDS analysis on the interfaces shows that above mentionedinterracial reaction may be resulted from the interracial segregation of Mg atoms in6061Al matrix during sequeeze casting.     

燃烧合成-铸造法制备氧化铝基金属陶瓷的研究

用燃烧合成一铸造法成功制备了致密度较高的Al2O3-Cr和Al2O3(-Cr2O3)-Cr金属陶瓷，研究了稀释剂Al2O3和Cr2O3及凝固冷却速度对金属陶瓷显微组织的影响。结果表明，添加Al2O3或Cr2O3稀释剂，可有效控制燃烧反应的剧烈程度，并形成Cr相和陶瓷基体的共晶组织。在石墨铸型冷却条件下，Cr相在陶瓷基体上分布均匀、尺寸细小，达到了亚微米级尺度。     

Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨损性能

研究了不同工艺制备的Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨损性能,结果表明:Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主.Cu/Al2O3复合材料的耐磨损性能要优于同样条件下制备的Cu/Cr2O3复合材料.当Al或Cr与Cu形成预合金后而进行原位氧化合成的Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨性优于当未形成预合金粉末原位氧化合成的Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨性.     

Al2O3对电沉积Ni-Co/Al2O3复合镀层性能的影响

应用直流复合电沉积技术制备Ni-Co/Al2O3复合镀层,并研究了Al2O3对电沉积Ni-Co/Al2O3复合镀层性能的影响。结果表明:在本试验范围内,镀层的硬度和耐磨性随着Al2O3含量的增加而提高。     

Al-TiO_2-B_2O_3系XD合成铝基复合材料研究

主要讨论Al-TiO_2-B_2O_3系XD法制备铝基复合材料的合成工艺及其反应机理。结果表明:在B2 O3 与TiO2 摩尔比小于1时,真空炉温预热至10 0 0K左右时压坯爆燃,反应产物由TiB2 、Al3 Ti和Al2 O3 组成,其中Al3 Ti为棒状物,TiB2 、Al2 O3 为细小颗粒,粒径为数μm左右。同时分析了球磨时间、预紧实度对反应产物的影响规律。     

反应热压(Al2O3+TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al复合材料的组织形成机制

采用B或B2O3、TiO2和Al粉反应热压制备了原位 (Al2O3 TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al复合材料,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了原位复合材料的显微组织.热压状态下,反应生成相Al3Ti呈大块不规则形状,尺寸约几十微米; Al2O3和TiB2为细小弥散质点,TEM分析发现TiB2颗粒呈六边形,而Al2O3颗粒呈等轴状.在以Al粉、TiO2粉和B粉为原料制备的复合材料中,除反应生成了大块的Al3Ti相外,还有细小针状Al3Ti相沉淀析出,且呈弥散分布.热挤压后大块的Al3Ti被破碎成细小弥散质点.Al2O3在TiO2和B2O3粉末表面生成; TiB2在B或B2O3粉表面形成,因而均呈弥散分布,且尺寸细小.自TiO2中还原出的Ti溶入液态Al中形成Al3Ti时,Ti可在液态Al中长距离扩散,因而Al3Ti呈大块不规则状.     

DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY OF AI IN SOLID Cu-Al ALLOYS

Activities and activity coefficients of Al in solid Cu-AI alloys have been determined by meansof solid electorlyte galvanic cells Al(a_1 , in alloy), Al_2O_3 | ZrO_2· Y_2O_3 | Ni, NiOand Al(a_1 , in alloy), Al_2O_3 | Na, βAl_2O_3 | Al(a_2 , in alloy), Al_2O_3     

Al_2O_3和Y_2O_3改性的低温渗铬涂层的循环氧化和热腐蚀性能

采用在Ni基上复合电镀Ni—Al_2_O3和Ni-Y_2_O3复合涂层后在800℃下扩散渗铬的方法,分别制备了Al_2O_3和Y_2_03改性渗铬涂层。采用相同的工艺在单Ni镀层上直接渗铬,获得一种不含氧化物粒子的渗铬涂层。分析了Al_2O_3和Y_2O_3影响渗铬涂层的氧化和腐蚀性能的机理。组织结构分析表明,Al_2O_3和Y_2O_3能明显抑制在渗铬过程中涂层品粒的长大。800℃循环和75％Na2SO4＋25％NaCl混合盐腐蚀试验结果表明：与在单Ni镀层上直接渗铬相比,A1203和Y_20_3改性的渗铬涂层所具有的细晶结构促进了保护性氧化物形成元素Cr沿晶界向氧化前沿的快速扩散,从而有利于致密保护性Cr_2O_3氧化膜的快速形成,使得改性的渗铬涂层表现出更优异的抗循环氧化和混合盐热腐蚀性能。     

Effect of Al 2 O3 film on weld appearance of stationary electron beam welded aluminum

Aluminum specimens with and without chemically cleaning were welded by electron beam to investigate the effect of、Al ₂ O₃ film on weld appearance. The removal mechanism of Al ₂ O₃ film during vacuum electron beam welding of aluminum was analyzed and the effect of Al ₂ O₃ film on molten pool flow behavior and weld appearance was investigated. The results showed that the weld width of the specimen was enlarged by chemically cleaning. The solid Al ₂ O₃ film transformed into gaseous Al ₂ O via the reaction with liquid aluminum at the temperature higher than 1 350 K was the main reason for the removal of the film. The weld width was narrowed down by the oxide film due to the inhibition of outward flow driven by the surface tension gradient and the drag force between the Al ₂ O₃ film and liquid Al. The weld penetration was reduced in the initial stage and then enhanced in the metastable stage.     

Ti_3Al及其渗铝涂层的热腐蚀性能

采用电化学方法并结合各种物相分析技术研究了Ti_3Al金属间化合物在熔融(Na,K)_2SO_4-NaCl中的热腐蚀行为及渗铝涂层对其耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,Ti_3Al耐热腐蚀性能较差。形成了外层为TiO_2,中间层为富铝的TiO_2-Al_2O_3复合层,内层为富铌的Nb_2O_5-TiO_2-Al_2O_3层的三层结构。渗铝涂层能在合金表面形成Al_2O_3氧化膜而明显改善Ti_3Al的耐蚀性能。     

纳米Al2O3颗粒含量对复合镀层组织和滑动磨损行为的影响

采用电刷镀技术在45钢表面制备了纳米Al2O3颗粒增强镍基复合镀层，研究了纳米Al2O3颗粒在镀液中的含量对镀层的组织、力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响，并分析探讨了影响机理。结果表明，随着镀液中纳米Al2O3颗粒含量的增加，复合镀层的组织趋于细化，在含量为20g／L时复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性出现极值，其磨损机制也随之发生改变，这与纳米Al2O3颗粒在复合镀层中的含量和分布状态密切相关。     

EFFECT OF Al AND Si ADDITIVES ON CORROSION RESISTANCE OF Al_2O_3-C REFRACTORIES IN MOLD COVER FLUX

Simulative study on corrosion of Al_2O_3-C refractories by mold cover flux has been carried outby means of immersion method.The results show that there fractory exhibits best resistance tothe flux corrosion while the ratio of additive Al and Si is approximately equal to one.In addi-tion,ZrO_2-C specimens exhibit better corrosion resistance to mold cover.flux than Al_2O_3-Cspecimens.     

原位合成(Al_2O_3+Al_3Ti)_P/Al复合材料的制备研究

通过对Al-TiO_2-SiO_2体系混合粉末固-液原位合成制备出了(Al_2O_3+Al_3Ti)_P/Al复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等方法观察分析了其物相和显微组织形貌.结果表明:原位反应制备的(Al_2O_3+Al_3Ti)_P/Al复合材料,金属间化合物增强相Al_3Ti均匀分布于基体,陶瓷相Al_2O_3颗粒非常细小,弥散分布于基体中,使材料的硬度等性能得到提高.     

Al_2O_3涂层对高温合金K38G热腐蚀的影响

用直流反应溅射方法在镍基高温合金K38G上制备了Al_2O_3涂层,研究了涂覆(Na、K)_2SO_4的试样在1123K空气中的热腐蚀行为。实验表明,Al_2O_3涂层具有良好的粘附性,能降低K38G合金的腐蚀速率并减小腐蚀深度。本文还讨论了Al_2O_3涂层对K38G热腐蚀影响的机制。