制氟电解槽腐蚀穿孔电解质进水的处理与预防

简要介绍了SF_6生产中制氟电解质进水的原因和危害,在传统的电解质进水判断方法和处理方法基础上,确定新的判断方法和处理方法,并提出相应的预防措施。     

石化产品生命周期的研判方法探讨

以近20年的历史数据为基础,以丁辛醇产品为例,对石化产品生命周期研判方法进行了实证研究。分析了销售增长率法、曲线判断法、经验判断法、类比判断法和普及率判断法的优缺点及其在石油化工行业的适用性。     

压洗机液压站的故障判断

介绍了粘胶长丝后处理工序中压洗设备液压站的保养和故障分析判断方法。故障判断方法主要是直接检查法、元件对换法、仪器检测法。     

电磁涡流刹车线圈极性判断

本文阐述电磁涡流刹车工作原理,电磁涡流刹车构成,重点介绍了电磁涡流刹车线圈极性的三种判断方法,分别为极性的直流判断法,指南针极性判断法及尝试法,通过学习这三种极性判断方法,在工作时就能很好应用这三种方法去判断电磁涡流刹车极性是否正确,保证了电磁涡流刹车在安装后接线正确,保证了电磁涡流刹车能够可靠、安全的使用。     

发明专利申请创造性的判断

专利审查指南对发明专利申请创造性的审查原则及判断方法作了说明。文章结合三个案例分析了发明创造性的判断方法,判断创造性主要难点在于确定该发明的技术方案相对于现有技术是否显而易见。     

基于改进F检验法对实际化工过程的稳态判断

实时优化是智能炼厂建设的一项关键技术,应用中需通过稳态判断对工业数据进行筛选,从而保证应用效果。传统F检验法对工业数据的判断效果较差,不能满足工业应用需求。为了改善判断效果,作者基于F检验法提出了一种改进方法,有效提高了判断的准确性,并且有效降低了滞后性的不利影响。文章详细介绍了改进方法的计算步骤,并使用该算法对国内某炼厂的实际生产数据进行分析,与F检验法的判断效果对比后发现,改进方法的有效性和准确性均优于F检验法。     

油气藏井间连通性研究方法

判断井间连通性能够有效的评价油气藏储量,指导布井过程和提高开发方案的合理性.在油气藏注水开采过程中,了解井间连通性对指导注水开发过程,提高采收率等方面都具有重要作用.本文在检索大量文章基础上,概述了各种判断油气藏井间连通性的方法.在判断井间连通性时,应该根据多种判断方法,综合使用各种资料判断出的连通性的准确性才更大.     

苯加氢系统重沸器泄漏的判断方法

介绍了一种苯加氢系统重沸器泄漏的判断方法。根据热油膨胀槽液位的下降情况，对每个重沸器内物质进行分析，再结合化学和机械检测方法可快速判断导热油泄漏位置。     

重砂的鉴定方法及其指示作用

本文在前人研究资料的基础上,对重砂的鉴定方法和指示作用做了初步总结,对今后的重砂研究有重要的借鉴意义。重砂的鉴定分野外鉴定和实验室常规鉴定两种方法,野外鉴定较为简单,实验室方法可以分为:重液分离、磁选、镜下鉴定等步骤.重砂对于判断其母岩的岩性,进一步判断其来源有很好的指示作用;对于判断所在区域的风化强度,进一步判断其矿物的稳定性也有很好的指示作用。     

新鲜过磷酸钙分析数据判断的探讨

本文论述在过磷酸钙生产中，中间控制分析中对新鲜过磷酸钙分析数据判断的重要性和必要性，并提出了判断的依据和方法。     

Correlation between visual and instrumental colour differences of metallic paint films

Because of the importance of metallic paints particularly in the automobile industry, there is a need for colour measurement techniques which show a high correlation with visual judgments. The present study uses recently developed spectrophotometers with variable geometries to optimize this correlation. Visual and instrumental data have been analyzed by means of statistical techniques. The investigations have led to the conclusion that three different geometries are sufficient to describe the optical behaviour of metallic paint films, provided that the geometries are well distributed with respect to the angle between the direction of observation and the direction of the specular component. In addition to this measurement technique a calculation procedure has been developed that yields judgments that highly correlate with visual judgments.     

Does uniform color affect offside in association football?

Past research has documented an impact of sportswear color on performance and referees' judgments in combat and team sports. Amongst other things, it was argued that these effects may arise from differences in visibility. In this regard, the current study was aimed at questioning the impact of uniform color on offside judgments in association football. We analyzed the number of offside judgments for 1530 matches from the first and second division of the football league in Germany and recorded the color of shirts, shorts and stockings for both teams. Data analyses revealed that attacking teams wearing black shirts and black stockings were accompanied by fewer offside decisions. In contrast, defending teams wearing black or green kits were accompanied by increased offside judgments against the opposing teams. Thus, it seems that black and green kits yielded favourable offside judgments. Regarding the low color contrast with green uniforms on a green lawn and the lower detection rate of dark colors the results suggest that green and black kits are less visible, which may impede players' visual detection. The results emphasise the importance of analyzing the role of uniform color in the context of offside decisions to ensure fair play and equal opportunities of winning.     

Color reproduction and the naturalness constraint

This article aims to determine the process underlying the subjective impression about the fidelity of reproduced object colors. To this end, we present the concept of the naturalness constraint and a framework for specification of naturalness judgments. We consider several research questions that are essential for this framework and discuss plausible answers supported by experiments. In general, naturalness assessment of reproduced object colors can be (1) defined as similarity to prototypical object colors, and (2) characterized by a probability density function (e.g., Gaussian). Experiments show that (3) there is a considerable amount of consistency in naturalness judgments of locally and globally processed images (although observers are slightly more tolerant of global image processing), and (4) naturalness judgments vary for different object categories; e.g., subjects are more consistent in naturalness judgments of skin, grass, and sky reproductions than shirt reproduction. We suggest that (5) naturalness of a whole picture is determined by the naturalness of the most critical object in that picture. Finally, we introduce a naturalness index predicting perceived naturalness of color reproduction of real‐life scenes. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 24, 52–67, 1999     

On the conditions affecting the contribution of color to brightness perception

Colored stimuli appear to be brighter than an achromatic stimulus of the same luminance as the colored stimuli. We have studied this effect using similarity judgments in a triadic scaling task. Several instructions and stimulus configurations were used. the color sets contained colors at three luminance levels. When subjects are instructed to attend to brightness differences, the contribution of the brightness axis is strongly increased relative to the contribution of the color channels. Moreover, a correction to the color input is necessary when subjects are instructed to attend to brightness similarities between saturated colors. For a fixed adaptation level, the chromatic input is relatively stronger for the lower luminance levels. This correction is absent in all other investigated conditions. the correction found here confirms an earlier report by Fairchild and Pirotta (1991).     

An Experiment in Visual Scaling of Small Color Differences*

Under the auspices of the ISCC Committee on Color Difference Problems, an experiment was carried out in the visual scaling of small color differences involving six color microspaces. The object-color samples were visually evaluated by ranking, by subjective estimation, and by acceptability judgments. Visual scales were calculated by traditional procedures. Correlations were calculated between the visual scales and four color-difference formulas (CIELAB, C1ELUV, FMC-2, and FCM), and ellipsoids were optimized to the visual data. No fundamental differences were found between the results of the perceptibility judgments and the acceptability judgments. Higher correlations than reported for earlier comparable experiments were obtained between visual and calculated color differences.     

锦纶66聚合工程停电事故的分析与处理

本文就停电事故对锦纶66聚合工程的影响、事故发生后恢复正常供电前应采取的措施、恢复正常供电后应进行的必要开车准备,工艺异常的判断及处理方法作了经验性阐述。     

Latent spaces of color preference with and without a context: Using the shape of an automobile as the context

This article compares color preferences with a context to color preferences without it, using chips of 50 colors and the shape of an automobile as the context. Subjects were asked to make preference judgments of the color chips with the shape and also without it in the experiment. Multi- variate analyses were performed on the two sets of data to deriue latent spaces of color preference with and without the context. Through interpretation and comparison of the derived spaces, it was found that there was a noticeable context effect between the preference judgments.     

Representation of memory prototype for an object color

This article presents a general framework for modeling memory colors and provides experimental evidence supporting this model for one particular object, i.e., a banana. We propose to characterize memory colors from experimentally determined similarity judgments of apparent object colors with the prototypical color of that object category. The aim of the first experiment was to analyze the memory representation of banana color in the CIELUV color space. To this end, we prepared images imitating different colors of a banana and asked subjects to scale the similarity in color of a banana shown on a CRT display and a typical ripe banana as it is remembered from their past experience. The relationships between the similarity judgments and chromaticity coordinates representing the manipulated banana samples can be well described by a bivariate normal distribution. Another experiment was carried out to gain more insight into the perception process leading to an appearance of the banana stimuli. Additionally, a sample of banana colors from a fruit market was measured and compared with the similarity judgments. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 24, 393–410, 1999     

A data set for fuzzy colour naming

In computer vision, colour naming has been posed as a fuzzy‐set problem where each colour category is modeled by a function that assigns a membership value to any given sample. However, the success in the automation of this process relies on having an appropriate psychophysical data set for this purpose. In this article we present a data set obtained from a colour‐naming experiment. In this experiment, we used a scoring method to collect a set of judgments adequate for the fuzzy modeling of the colour‐naming task. The data set is composed of 387 colour reflectances, their CIELab and Munsell values, and the corresponding judgments provided by the subjects in the experiment. These judgments are the membership values to the 11 basic colour categories proposed by Berlin and Kay (Berlin B, Kay P. Berkeley: University of California; 1969). All these data have been made available online ( http://www.cvc.uab.es/color_naming ) and, in this article we provide a wide analysis of them. To prove the suitability of the proposed scoring methodology, we have computed a set of common statistics in colour‐naming experiments, such as consensus and consistency, on our data set. The results make it possible for us to conclude the coherence of our data with previous experiments and, thus, its usefulness for the fuzzy modeling of colour naming. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 48–56, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20172     

A preliminary comparison of CIE color differences to textile color acceptability using average observers

Ninety‐six nylon pairs were prepared, including red, yellow, green, and blue standards, each at two lightness levels with CIE94 ΔE units ranging from 0.15 to 4.01. Visual assessments of acceptability were carried out by 21 females. Logistic regression compared visual results to four color‐difference equations, CIELAB, CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000. It was found that CMC most closely represented judgments of average observers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 288–294, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20124