Time domain analysis of transient propagation in inhomogeneous magnetized plasma using Z-transforms

The electromagnetic propagation through an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab is studied using the Z-transform formulation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain（FDTD） method. The direction of electromagnetic propagation is parallel to the biasing magnetic filed. To validate the Z-transform algorithm, the reflection and transmission coefficients for the right-hand circularly polarized wave of the homogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed by means of discrete Fourier transform. The comparison between the reflection and transmission coefficients of the homogeneous plasma slab and analytical values indicates that Z-transform algorithm is very accurate. When the plasma frequency varies according to the square root and parabolic relations, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed.     

An E-J Collocated 3-D FDTD Model of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Magnetized Cold Plasma

A new three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical model is proposed herein to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation in an anisotropic magnetized cold plasma medium. Plasma effects contributed by electrons, positive, and negative ions are considered in this model. The current density vectors are collocated at the positions of the electric field vectors, and the complete FDTD algorithm consists of three regular updating equations for the magnetic field intensity components, as well as 12 tightly coupled differential equations for updating the electric field components and current densities. This model has the capability to simulate wave behavior in magnetized cold plasma for an applied magnetic field with arbitrary direction and magnitude. We validate the FDTD algorithm by calculating Faraday rotation of a linearly polarized plane wave. Additional numerical examples of electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma are also provided, all of which demonstrate very good agreement with plasma theory.      

1维3元磁化等离子体光子晶体传输特性分析

为了研究1维3元磁化等离子体光子晶体的传输特性,采用传输矩阵法得到了TE波通过1维3元磁化等离子体光子晶体后的左旋和右旋极化波的传输特性,用计算得到的透射系数来讨论了周期常数、介电常数、介质层厚度和等离子体参量对其传输特性的影响。结果表明,改变介电常数、介质层厚度和等离子体频率可以实现对禁带数目和宽度的调谐,改变周期数和等离子体碰撞频率不能影响禁带带宽;等离子体回旋频率仅仅能影响右旋极化波的禁带带宽,对左旋极化波的禁带带宽无影响。这为设计1维3元磁化等离子体光子晶体器件提供了理论参考。     

电磁波在等离子体中的传播衰减

针对通信黑障的问题,文中从电磁波在等离子体中的传播特性出发,利用Matlab数值仿真,研究不同电磁波频段,不同等离子体参数,包括等离子频率、碰撞频率、等离子温度、压强等对电磁波传播衰减的影响,以及外加磁场作用下,不同极化的电磁波在等离子体层的传播衰减特性。研究结果表明:外加磁场可明显降低圆极化电磁波衰减,并且当外加磁场满足一定条件,大于最小磁场强度时,电磁波衰减小于10 dB;且同等条件下右旋极化比左旋极化电磁波的衰减更小,为了获得较小的电磁波衰减,右旋极化电磁波所需的磁场强度也小于左旋极化。     

Piecewise linear current density recursive convolution FDTD implementation for anisotropic magnetized plasmas

The piecewise linear current density recursive convolution (PLCDRC) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for isotropic dispersive media greatly improves accuracy over recursive convolution (RC) and current density recursive convolution (CDRC) FDTD approaches but retains its speed and efficiency advantages. This letter extends this approach to anisotropic magnetoactive plasmas which incorporates both anisotropy and frequency dispersion at the same time, enabling the transient solutions of electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic magnetoactive plasmas. The high efficiency and accuracy of the method are confirmed by computing the reflection and transmission through a magnetized plasma layer, with the direction of propagation parallel to the direction of the biasing field. A comparison to frequency-domain analytic results and CDRC FDTD results is included.     

FDTD implementation for magnetoplasma medium using exponential time differencing

The electromagnetic propagation in dispersive magnetoplasma medium is modeled using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method based on the exponential time differencing (ETD). The ETD schemes with first-order and second-order accuracy are presented. The ETD algorithm is accurate and efficient. The reflection and transmission coefficients of the magnetized slab for the right-hand circularly polarized wave are computed.     

FDTD Simulation of Electromagnetic Propagation in Magnetized Plasma Using Z Transforms

The electromagnetic propagation through a magnetized plasma slab is studied using the finite-difference time-domain method by means of the z transform The reflection and transmission coefficients of the magnetoactive plasma for the right-hand circularly polarized wave are presented. The comparison of the results of the Z transform and recursive convolution algorithms with analytic values indicates that the Z transform algorithm is more accurate than the recursive convolution algorithm. The Z transform algorithm overcomes the drawback that the recursive algorithm cannot predict the transmission coefficient of the magnetized plasma slab for the right-hand circularly polarized wave in the stop band.     

FDTD Simulation of Electromagnetic Reflection of Conductive Plane Covered with Imhomogeneous Time-Varying Plasma

A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is applied to study the electromagnetic reflection of conduction plane covered with inhomogeneous, collision, warm, time-varying plasma. The collision frequency of plasma is a function of electron density and plasma temperature. Under the one-dimensional case, transient electromagnetic propagation through various plasmas have been obtained, and the reflection coefficient of EM wave through inhomogeneous time-varying plasma (ITVP), homogeneous time-varying plasma (HTVP) and inhomogeneous plasma (IP) are calculated under different conditions. The results illustrate that a plasma cloaking system can successfully absorb the incident EM wave.     

温度、密度对磁化等离子体光子晶体的影响

为了研究温度、密度对磁化等离子体光子晶体禁带特性的影响,采用在等温近似的条件下,磁化等离子体的分段线形电流密度卷积时域有限差分算法研究了1维磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带特性。以高斯脉冲为激励源,用算法公式得到的电磁波透射系数来讨论了温度、等离子体层密度对其禁带特性的影响。结果表明,改变温度和等离子体层密度分布可以实现对禁带的控制。     

FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF UNMAGNETIZED PLASMA PHOTONIC CRYSTALS

The plasma photonic crystal is a periodic array composed of alternating thin unmagnetized (or magnetized) plasmas and dielectric materials (or vacuum). In this paper, the piecewise linear current density recursive convolution finite-difference time-domain method for the simulation of isotropic unmagnetized plasma is applied to model unmagnetized plasma photonic crystal structures. A perfectly matched layer absorbing material is used in these simulations. In time-domain, the electromagnetic propagation process of a Gaussian pulse through an unmagnetized plasma photonic crystal is investigated. In frequency-domain, the reflection and transmission coefficients through unmagnetized plasma photonic crystals are computed and their dependence on plasma frequency, plasma thickness, collision frequency is studied. The results show theoretically that the electromagnetic bandgaps of unmagnetized plasma photonic crystals are tuned by the plasma parameters.     

有损耗左手材料电波传播特性的FDTD分析

为研究电磁波在有损耗左手材料中的传播特性,采用时域有限差分（FDTD）法和色散媒质的Drude模型,推导出基于Drude模型的左手材料二维FDTD迭代方程。一维数值仿真结果验证了平面电磁波在穿过有耗左手材料时,其相速度大小与光速相同,方向与传播方向相反,且随着损耗因子的增大,左手材料内的电场强度幅值亦相应减小。此外,还利用多循环m-n-m脉冲作为激励源,对左手材料平板具有的完美透镜现象进行了二维数值仿真验证。结果表明,有耗平板左手材料具有明显的聚焦效果,在特定条件下能实现完美成像。     

瞬变等离子体中电磁波频率漂移特性研究

推导一维瞬变磁化等离子体的时域有限差分(FDTD)递推式,并以一维金属谐振腔作为计算模型,分析了瞬变等离子体中电磁波频率漂移特性。从理论分析出发,得到了一维瞬变等离子体对电磁波作用的解析解。通过选取相同的模型和参数,将FDTD数值解与解析解进行对比,验证了所用FDTD方法的准确性,在此基础上研究了瞬变等离子体中电磁波的频率漂移规律。     

Study of periodic band gap structure of the magnetized plasma photonic crystals

The characteristics of the periodic band gaps of the one dimension magnetized plasma photonic crystals are studied with the piecewise linear current density recursive convolution (PLCDRC) finite-differential time-domain (FDTD) method. In frequency-domain, the transmission coefficients of electromagnetic Gaussian pulses are computed, and the effects of the periodic structure constant, plasma layer thickness and parameters of plasma on the properties of periodic band gaps of magnetized photonic crystals are a...     

回旋波在相对论运动磁化等离子体上的反射和透射

本文研究回旋波在相对论运动磁化等离子体中的传播特性和在磁化相对论电子束前上的反射增益．导出了回旋波的反射系数、透射系数和透射波的色散关系和频率关系公式，讨论了透射波（右旋波和左旋波）的色散特性、传播特性和反射波的增益及产生全反射的入射频率区域．     

JEC-FDTD for 2-D conducting cylinder coated by anisotropic magnetized plasma

The JE convolution finite-difference-time-domain (JEC-FDTD) method is extended to the anisotropic magnetized plasma which incorporates both anisotropy and frequency dispersion at the same time, enabling the transient solution of the electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic magnetized plasmas. Two-dimensional JEC-FDTD formulations for magnetized plasma are derived. The back scattering radar cross section (RCS) of a perfectly conducting cylinder coated by a layer of magnetized plasmas is calculated.     

FDTD simulation of TE and TM plane waves at nonzero incidence in arbitrary Layered media

Plane wave scattering is an important class of electromagnetic problems that is surprisingly difficult to model with the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method if the direction of propagation is not parallel to one of the grid axes. In particular, infinite plane wave interaction with dispersive half-spaces or layers must include careful modeling of the incident field. By using the plane wave solutions of Maxwell's equations to eliminate the transverse field dependence, a modified set of curl equations is derived which can model a "slice" of an oblique plane wave along grid axes. The resulting equations may be used as edge conditions on an FDTD grid. These edge conditions represent the only known way to accurately propagate plane wave pulses into a frequency dependent medium. An examination of grid dispersion between the plane wave and the modeled slice reveals good agreement. Application to arbitrary dispersive media is straightforward for the transverse magnetic (TM) case, but requires the use of an auxiliary equation for the transverse electric case, which increases complexity. In the latter case, a simplified approach, based on formulating the dual of the TM equations, is shown to be quite effective. The strength of the developed approach is illustrated with a comparison with the conventional simulation based on an analytic incident wave specification with half-space, single frequency reflection and transmission for the edges. Finally, an example of a possible biomedical application is given and the implementation of the method in the perfectly matched layer region is discussed.     

Propagation and depolarization of an arbitrarily polarized waveobliquely incident on a slab of random medium

The problem of how a slab of random medium affects the propagation and polarization of an arbitrarily polarized obliquely incident electromagnetic wave is investigated. The general formulation is given by using vector radiative transfer theory. The multiple scattering solution is compared with the analytical first-order solution when the optical distance is small and the comparison shows that the results are consistent with each other. The multiple scattering results for a left-handed circularly polarized incident wave show that the transmitted wave is still right-handed near the backscattering direction. The scattering signature obtained shows that for normal incidence one can obtain a maximum backscattered power if an arbitrarily oriented linearly polarized incident wave is chosen and that for an incident angle of 30°, a minimum backscattered power can be obtained if a linearly polarized incident wave is oriented at 45° or 135°     

非均匀磁化等离子体中电磁波的反射

主要研究磁化、稳定、二维、非均匀等离子体中的电磁波反射,讨论各种等离子体参数对反射功率的影响,计算每一分层边界的反射系数,推导总反射功率,并得出反射功率取决于电子密度、碰撞频率以及入射波的传播角.其中非均匀等离子体用分层来模拟.假定每一分层的电子密度为常数,但总的电子密度服从抛物线分布.     

A novel FDTD formulation for dispersive media

A novel FDTD formulation for dispersive media called piecewise linear JE recursive convolution (PLJERC) finite-different time-domain (FDTD) method is derived using the piecewise linear approximation and the recursive convolution relationship between the current density J and the electric field E. The high accuracy and efficiency of the PLJERC method is confirmed by computing the reflection coefficients of an electromagnetic wave through a collision plasma slab in one dimension.     

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Terahertz Wave Propagation in Unmagnetized Plasma

The spacecraft will experience the well-known “blackout” problem when it re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere, which results in communication failures between the spacecraft and the ground control center. It is important to study the properties of terahertz (THz) wave propagation in plasma for communications using THz wave is an alternative method for solving the blackout problem. The properties of THz wave propagation in plasma have been studied with the ZT-FDTD (Z-Transform Finite Difference Time Domain) method and experimental method in this paper. The dependence of plasma density, plasma collision frequency, thickness of plasma and THz wave frequency on the THz wave propagation are presented. The properties of 0.22THz electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma have been studied experimentally with shock tube, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the FDTD ones. Both the FDTD and experimental results indicate that communications using THz wave is an alternative and effective way to solve the blackout problem.