Experimental study on the clinical application of breast reconstruction with the flap supplied by inferior epigastric artery

目的:解剖腹壁下动脉全长,观察其走行及与腹直肌的位置关系,并利用超声检查了解腹壁下动脉的相关解剖学参数,探讨超声学检查在临床乳房再造中的辅助意义,为开展乳腺癌术后乳房重建提供基础资料.方法:5例经体积分数为10％甲醛溶液固定的中国成年女性尸体标本,自腹壁下动脉起点处灌注医用红色乳胶后解剖其全长,观察并记录动脉走行、分支及供应范围；利用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检查健康成年女性腹壁下动脉,观察其分支数目,测量起始处外径及血流参数,并对以上所得数据进行统计学处理.结果:尸体标本中腹壁下动脉主干平均全长(8.28±0.27)cm,自髂外动脉起点处外径均值(2.35±0.14)mm,该处距腹股沟深环均值(1.13±0.22)cm,浅环均值(3.75±0.41)cm,供应组织面积为均值(153.40±23.25)cm2;沿途发出数目不等的穿支(7-18),平均(12.3±2.83)支,腹壁下动脉皮下穿支外径为均值(1.56±0.12)mm.结论:腹壁下动脉管径及分支数目较为恒定,血流丰富,其超声检查简便、无创,可提供可靠的解剖学信息,临床应用腹直肌肌皮瓣或腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣进行乳房再造是安全可行的,需注意术中仔细操作.     

彩色多普勒血流显像与二维超声联合诊断先天性畸形的应用研究

目的：通过彩色多普勒血流显像技术与传统的二维超声联合应用，探讨先天性畸形诊断新技术的临床应用价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒血流显像技术。对畸形胎儿重要血管(如胎儿大脑中动脉、腹主动脉、肾动脉等)、胎儿重要供养血管(脐动脉)及病变部位血管的血流频谱波形进行分析。测量上述血管血流频谱的RI、PI、S／D等，并与100例正常胎儿的波形比较。结果：畸形胎儿脐动脉(UmA)、大脑中动脉(McA)、肾动脉(fRA)、腹主动脉(ABA)等在病变部位血流指数的变化与正常组相比有差异，普遍表现为血流峰值偏小，阻力指数增高，或采集到怪异频谱；能量多普勒血流显示病变部位的血管走行异常、扭曲变形；畸形儿的血流指数变化并不局限于所影响器官的范围。还可影响其它部位的供血状态。结论：畸形胎儿的血流状况与正常胎儿相比有明显的不同，彩色多普勒血流显像可在二维超声诊断显示的基础上对诊断提供更多的信息。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断腹腔干动脉狭窄的临床价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检查在评估腹腔干动脉狭窄中的价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对腹痛患者的腹腔干动脉进行检查,观察的内容包括腹腔干起始段管腔有无斑块、血栓等引起的狭窄,测量腹腔干狭窄处收缩期峰值速度(peak systolic velocity,PSV)。以30例门诊常规体检患者为对照组,彩色多普勒检查对照组腹腔干二维声像改变,并测量起始段血流PSV。结果彩色多普勒超声共检出24例腹腔干动脉狭窄,其中起始段粥样硬化斑块16例,血栓栓塞7例,孤立性夹层动脉瘤并血栓形成1例。狭窄处血流PSV最高为420 cm/s,最低为228 cm/s,平均为(304.52±53.75)cm/s。对照组腹腔干起始段血流PSV最高为178 cm/s,最低为81 cm/s,平均为(113.33±19.70)cm/s。狭窄组患者腹腔干狭窄处血流速度明显高于对照组起始段血流速度,差异有统计学意义(t=16.242,P<0.000 1)。结论彩色多普勒超声检查对腹腔干狭窄诊断价值较高,能够准确显示腹腔干狭窄的部位、狭窄程度和血流动力学的改变,对腹痛患者的病因筛选有重要的临床意义。     

彩色多普勒超声对早期糖尿病肾血流的观察研究

目的观察早期糖尿病肾病肾血流情况.方法选择平顶山市第四人民医院2006年1月-2007年12月根据WH0(1999年)糖尿病诊断标准及M ogengen分型的第Ⅲ期标准的2型糖尿病患者58例为研完组.正常对照组为正常成年人.采用东芝SSA-350A型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,用3.5MHz凸阵探头洲定肾血流.患者平卧位.在肾脏的冠状切面上显示肾门及肾窦图像,后用彩色血流显示肾内的血管走向,依次在肾门的一级动脉,肾窦中部的二级动脉,肾实质中部的叶间动脉内取样,彩色多普勒观察血流分布情况,结果RI增高可做为糖尿病肾病的的早期诊断标准,平均RI≥0.7可以考虑诊断.结论用彩色多普勒超声可诊断早期糖尿病肾病,方法简单,可作为常规检查方法.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断肝血管瘤的临床价值研究

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声在诊断肝血管瘤中的应用价值.方法：应用B型超声、彩色多普勒超声血流图（CDFI）和能量图（CDE）对72例肝血管瘤的检查结果进行分析.结果：CDFI对于直径大于1cm的肝血管瘤能显示血流信号,对直径小于1cm的小血管瘤不显示血流信号,而CDE对于直径小于1cm的小血管瘤也可显示血流信号.结论：彩色多普勒超声对肝血管瘤的诊断有较高的临床应用价值,CDE在肝小血管瘤病灶内的彩色血流显示方面优于CDPI.     

脂肪抽吸联合腹壁整形术42例临床分析

目的探讨脂肪抽吸联合腹壁整形的临床疗效及安全性.方法 42例患者采用肿胀麻醉、负压吸引器行腹壁脂肪抽吸;在耻骨联合区域标记"W"形切口,沿腹肌筋膜浅层剥离,折叠缝合腹直肌前鞘,根据实际情况完成脐成形及切除多余皮瓣术,分层缝合腹壁.结果 42例患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无并发症发生.随访6~12个月,腹部对称柔软,切口瘢痕隐蔽,塑形效果满意.结论脂肪抽吸与腹壁整形联合应用临床疗效佳,安全可靠,值得推广.     

彩色多普勒超声在颈部血管检查中的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值。方法:使用东芝-8000彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对85例高血压合并糖尿病患者双侧颈部血管内-中膜及其硬化斑块进行观察,并对斑块引起的管腔狭窄与血流动力学改变进行检测,与健康组作对照研究。结果:高糖组颈部血管的病变发生率高于对照组。两组患者有不同程度的动脉粥样硬化形成,斑块部位多见于颈动脉分叉处,其次为颈内动脉起始处,与其它部位比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对管腔狭窄程度与血流速度的相关性分析结果发现:斑块较小者血流速度变化不大;斑块较大者引起管腔狭窄时,血流速度增快。结论:彩色多普勒超声可以判断动脉粥样硬化斑块大小与发展进程,对颈血管病变早期发现具有重要的临床价值。     

眼镜式影像仪在阴茎血流彩色超声多普勒检查中的应用(摘要)

观察采用眼镜式影像仪进行视觉听觉性刺激(AVSS)对阴茎多普勒血流的影响。材料与方法应用HDI-Ⅱ型彩色多普勒超声仪，具备10mHz影像频率。阴茎根部海绵体内注射罂粟机硷60mg。评价勃起硬度，超声检测阴茎深动脉血流。当PSV＜35cm／s或＞5cm／s时，开启影像仪，给以AVSS刺激(所有患者观看相同的色情录像片段)。43例门诊主诉阳萎者中，有19例符合本研究标准。结果本组平均年龄50岁(27～77岁)。合并与勃起功能障碍有关的血管因素包括吸烟、高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、高胆固醇等。阴茎勃起硬度评价，AVSS前二度占26％，三度42％，四度32％；AVSS后二度16％，三度16％，四度68％；说明AVSS后阴茎勃起硬度明显增强。彩色多普勒超声检查，AVSS前，动脉性ED占26％，静脉性ED16％以及动脉静脉混合性ED58％；AVSS后，动脉性ED仅占16％，静脉性ED11％，动脉静脉混合性ED37％，其它病例(37％)由于阴茎血流状况明显改善而排除血管性ED诊断。讨论视觉听觉性刺激(AVSS)可使付交感神经兴奋、交感神经抑制，从而诱发勃起。传统的AVSS方法受诸多因素干扰而阻碍其对阴茎勃起反应的刺激，如尴尬、害羞、吟持或注意力分散等。采用眼镜式影像仪即时AVSS可以有效地改善阴茎血流动力学并提高阴茎生理性勃起反应强度，是阴茎血流多普勒检查的重要辅助手段。     

应用彩色多普勒超声评价2型糖尿病足患者胫前（后）动脉血流动力学与血清C反应蛋白的关系

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声评价2型糖尿病患者胫前（后）动脉血流动力学与血清C-反应蛋白（cRP）的关系。方法应用酶免法测定血清CRP浓度;应用彩色多普勒超声对2型糖尿病患者进行检测,计算胫前（后）动脉内径、内-中膜厚度、峰值血流速度、搏动指数、阻力指数及斑块发生率。结果CRP在2型糖尿病足患者血清中的浓度明显高于健康对照组,差异有显著性;胫前和胫后动脉内径和峰值血流速度明显低于健康对照组,而内-中膜厚度、搏动指数和阻力指数明显高于健康对照组,差异均有显著性,CRP浓度与胫前和胫后动脉内径和峰值血流速度呈负相关,而与内-中膜厚度、搏动指数和阻力指数呈正相关。结论血清CRP血症是致动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素;彩色多普勒超声能正确评价2型糖尿病足患者胫前（后）动脉的病理改变及血流动力学变化。     

桥本氏甲状腺炎的超声诊断体会

探讨彩色多普勒超声显像技术对桥本氏甲状腺炎的临床诊断价值.回顾分析45例经病理组织学确诊的桥本氏甲状腺炎患者,以了解甲状腺声像图及血流显示特征.桥本氏甲状腺炎超声表现为腺体弥漫性肿大,回声不均匀呈网格状,甲状腺血流增多.甲状腺峡部增厚较为明显(平均＞1.1cm).桥本氏甲状腺炎声像图改变特征性明显,超声显像技术是该病的一种很好的诊断方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.