多弧离子镀(Ti,Cr)N膜层工艺及性能

用多弧离子镀膜机，以W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢为基体材料，镀覆（Ti,Cr）N多元膜，研究了多弧离子镀工艺对膜层性能的影响，确定了最佳镀膜工艺参数，探讨了多元膜层的强化机理。结果表明：膜层硬度及膜基结合力随偏压的增大而增大，膜层强度随氮分压的升高而增大，孔隙率随氮分压的升高而增大。（Ti,Cr)N多元膜层强化机理主要是：晶粒细化、固溶强化、多元素优化。     

离子增强沉积Ti/Mo多层膜对钛合金微动疲劳行为的影响

为提高Ti6Al4V钛合金微动疲劳抗力,利用离子增强磁控溅射沉积技术制备了不同结构的Ti/Mo金属多层膜,评价了膜层的结合强度、韧性、硬度等力学性能和摩擦学性能,对优选出的Ti/Mo多层膜进行微动疲劳试验.研究结果表明:离子增强磁控溅射沉积的Ti/Mo金属多层膜膜层结晶细致,膜基结合强度高,有效地提高了钛合金基材的耐磨...     

中频磁控溅射周期性变电流（Ti，Al）N多层薄膜的结构与性能

使用独特的镶拼矩形TiAl靶,用中频反应磁控溅射方法,采用周期性改变靶电流的方法在高速钢(W18Cr4V)基体上沉积了(Ti,Al)N多层薄膜.利用场发射扫描电镜、纳米硬度仪和x射线衍射仪等方法研究了(Ti,Al)N多层薄膜组织结构、硬度和膜基结合性能.结果表明,制备的(Ti,Al)N多层薄膜硬度略低于20GPa.弹性模量均大于230GPa,薄膜的临界载荷均大于50N;多层薄膜有一定的择优取向,且择优取向随着靶电流周期性的改变而有所变化.同时发现,(Ti,Al)N多层薄膜硬度是结构、界面和择优取向共同作用的结果.     

真空阴极电弧沉积（Ti,Al）N薄膜的应用研究

为了提高TiN涂层刀具的耐磨性,采用钛铝合金靶,以真空阴极电弧沉积法制备了（Ti,Al)N涂层,对膜层形貌成分,组织结构及硬度进行了测试及研究,并试验了（Ti,Al)N涂层高速钢钻头及YG6硬质合金刀具的使用寿命,结果表明：（Ti,Al)N涂层硬度高达HV0．1,15,3700,（Ti,Al)N涂层使高速钢钻头及YG6硬质合金刀具的使用寿命显著提高。     

多弧离子镀制备纳米多层TiAlSiN涂层的性能研究

采用多靶阴极电弧离子镀系统在硬质合金基体上沉积纳米多层结构的Ti Al Si N硬质涂层,该结构是通过Ti Al N涂层与Ti Si N涂层的交替叠加而制备的。实验同时制备了Ti Al N涂层、Ti Al Si N单层涂层与纳米多层涂层进行性能对比分析,用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS对涂层结构形貌及成分进行了分析,用划痕法和纳米压痕法分别对涂层的结合力与纳米硬度进行了测试,同时也测试了涂层在不锈钢车削上的性能表现。结果表明,Ti Al Si N纳米多层涂层硬度高达33 GPa,同时在不锈钢车削上以Ti Al Si N纳米多层涂层性能最优,而Ti Al Si N单层涂层性能最差。     

钛合金人工心脏瓣膜瓣环表面TiN/Ti多层膜的制备与性能

为了提高钛合金人工心脏瓣膜瓣环TiO_2表面改性层的性能,利用非平衡磁控溅射技术在人工心脏瓣膜瓣环表面制备了具有不同调制周期(44,70,100 nm)的TiN/Ti多层膜过渡层;采用XRD、SEM、显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机研究了薄膜的物相组成、横截面形貌、硬度和耐磨性。结果表明:TiN/Ti多层膜由Ti和TiN相组成,当调制周期为100 nm时,TiN/Ti薄膜呈现明显的多层结构,具有高硬度和良好耐磨性;人工心脏瓣膜瓣环表面各个位置TiN/Ti多层膜的相结构及性能相同,可望应用于人工心脏瓣膜瓣环的TiO_2表面改性层的过渡层。     

氮气反应溅射制备软X射线Co/Ti多层膜

针对"水窗"波段(280~540eV)对多层膜反射镜的应用需求,在Ti的L吸收边(452.5eV)附近,优化设计了Co/Ti多层膜的膜系结构。计算了不同界面粗糙度条件下的反射率,结果显示,界面粗糙度对多层膜反射率有较大影响。采用直流磁控溅射方法在超光滑硅基片上制备了Co/Ti多层膜,通过将氮气引入原有的溅射气体氩气中作为反应气体,明显减小了制备的多层膜的界面粗糙度。利用X射线掠入射反射实验和透射电子显微镜测试了多层膜结构,并在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)3W1B实验站测量了不同氮气浓度下多层膜的反射率。结果显示,氮气含量为5%的溅射气体制备的多层膜样品反射率最高,即将纯氩气溅射制备得到的反射率9.5%提高到了12.0%。得到的结果表明,将氮气加入反应溅射气体可以有效改善Co/Ti多层膜的性能。     

高反射率13nmMo/Si多层膜

采用离子束溅射在不同的工艺参数下制备一系列单层 Mo膜、Si膜及多层膜 ,并用原子力显微镜分析单层膜表面粗糙度及两种材料间的界面扩散。当束流电压超过一定数值时 ,可避免单层膜的柱状生长 ;在 Mo- on- Si和 Si- on- Mo界面中 ,Mo- on- Si界面扩散对反射率的影响更大。采用 X射线衍射仪分析多层膜中 Mo、Si材料的晶体结构 ,均为多晶结构 ,其中 Mo为 ( 1 1 0 )晶向 ,Si为 ( 4 0 0 )晶向。根据上述分析优化工艺参数 ,获得的 1 3nm Mo/Si多层膜反射率达到 60 %。     

添加元素对TiAlN涂层性能影响的研究现状

综述了Ti Al N涂层的特征,以及添加单一元素(Cr、Si、V、Mo、Y、Zr、B)对三元基Ti-Al-N涂层性能的影响。各种元素添加对涂层的性能影响作用点有所不同,但总体上均能提高涂层的综合性能。可进一步加强多组元元素添加对Ti Al N涂层性能影响的综合研究。     

含无机类富勒烯(IF)过渡族金属硫化物纳米复合涂层的环境摩擦磨损特性

采用固-气相反应、反应沉淀和溶剂热诱导法实现了IF-MoS2、IF-WS2纳米粉体的宏观量制备.分别用化学共沉积方法在硬铝基体上制备Ni-P-(IF-WS2)复合镀层,磁控溅射和激光溅射技术在硬铝合金和钛合金基体上制各(Ni,Mo)/IF-(Mo,W)S2梯度纳米复合涂层和IF-(Mo,W)S2/(Ni,Mo)-IF-(Mo,W)S2多层纳米复合涂层.用划痕仪、球-盘式摩擦仪评估纳米涂层的结合力及其在真空(10-2 Pa)和大气中的摩擦磨损性能.Ni-P-(IF-MoS2)化学复合镀层的硬度、摩擦因数和磨损率明显低于Ni-P化学镀层.梯度和多层复合结构有利于涂层与合金基体结合力的提高.(Ni,Mo)/IF-(Mo,W)S2纳米梯度复合涂层和(Ni,Mo)-IF-(Mo,W)S2/IF-(Mo,W)S2纳米多层复合涂层在不同环境下都有低的摩擦因数和磨损率.含无机类富勒烯(IF-)WS2或MoS2的纳米复合涂层具有优良的环境稳定性.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.