低位直肠癌的手术治疗和吻合器的应用体会(摘要)(附47例病例分析)

目的:通过47例距肛缘5~7cm低位直肠癌的分析,对距肛缘5~7cm的低位直肠癌保肛手术的理沦依据、术式选择、吻合器应用的优越性和吻合器在保肛手术中的运用体会及主要并发症的防治进行了探讨。临床资料:我院自1994年7月至1997年8月进行根治性手术的距肛缘5~7cm的低位直肠癌患者47例。结果:40例行Dixon术式,7例行Miles术式。38例Dixon术式应用管状端端吻合器(EEA),其中发生直肠阴道瘘1例,吻合口或吻合口周围肠壁出血3例,经治疗后均痊愈,无手术死亡。结论;距肛缘5~7cm低位直肠癌有行保肛性根治手术的可能性,作者认为吻合器在低位直肠癌的保肛术中发挥了重要的作用,值得推广使用。     

双吻合器吻合法在直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的评估双吻合器吻合法在直肠癌保肛手术应用中的安全性和实用性。方法回顾总结４年中采用该技术行直肠癌手术９７例。癌灶下缘距肛缘平均距离８２ｃｍ，其中３～７ｃｍ４２例（４３３％，４２／９７），大于８ｃｍ５５例（５６７％，５５／９７）。结果所有患者吻合器切除圈完整。术后吻合口漏９例（９３％，９／９７），肿瘤距肛缘小于７ｃｍ患者的吻合口漏发生率显著高于距离大于７ｃｍ的患者（Ｐ＜０．０５），神经性膀胱排空障碍５例（５２％，５／９７），切口感染７例（７２％，７／９７），吻合口出血４例（４１％，４／９７），术后肛门部疼痛１例（１０％，１／９７）。结论双吻合器吻合法可作为低位直肠癌保肛手术的一种安全可靠的术式选择。     

荷包钳荷包缝合加管型吻合器用于直肠癌根治术（附38例报告）

目的：探讨用荷包钳荷包缝合直肠远端与管型吻合器用于保肛手术中的应用价值。方法：１９９６年１月至２０００年６月对用荷包缝合加单吻合器用于直肠癌保肛手术３８例进行回顾性分析。结果：全部病例吻合满意，其中中低位直肠癌占７９％，肿瘤最低距肛缘５ｃｍ，术后无吻合口瘘发生，术后病理切缘均阴性。结论：采用荷包钳关闭直肠操作简便、易行，吻合效果满意，较双吻合器行直肠癌保肛手术节省约５０％费用。     

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Ｍｉｌｅｓ手术是治疗直肠癌的经典术式 ,但所造成的腹壁永久性人工肛门给病人带来痛苦和生活不便 ,生存质量下降 ,病人难以接受。近几十年来关于直肠癌的病理和免疫等各方面的研究进展以及手术操作的熟练 ,尤其是端端吻合 (ＥＥＡ)吻合器的应用 ,使一部分直肠中低位的癌肿应用前切除术 (Ｄｉｘｏｎｓ手术 )既免受人工肛门之苦 ,又能获得较满意的疗效。本文对 1 992～ 1 997年我们医院收治的 2 8例距肛缘 6～ 8ｃｍ的中低位直肠癌应用改进的ＥＥＡ吻合器吻合方法行低位前切除术进行研究分析并就相关的问题进行探讨。1　临床资料1 1　一般…     

中低位直肠癌拖出式保肛手术的体会

中低位直肠癌拖出式保肛手术的体会管建祥我院自１９８７年以来，应用拖出式直肠癌切除保留肛门手术１１例，效果满意，其方法简单实用，并发症少，现报告如下。临床资料本组１１例，男性７例，女性４例，年龄３９～６４岁，直肠肿瘤远端距肛缘５～８ｃｍ，肿块浸润＞１／...     

直肠癌手术治疗180例临床分析

目的 了解近年来直肠癌外科手术处理的变化,及保肛手术开展情况。方法 回顾性分析我院１９９６～１９９８年１８０上肠癌外科治疗情况。结果 全组根治性切除６０％,保肛手术（６９．５％）,Ｍｉｌｓｅ术（３０．５％）,吻合器应用占位直肠癌手术６５．６％,最低吻合距肛缘５ｃｍ。结论 直肠癌手术采用保肛手术已占２／３以上,保肛手术首选低位前切除术,Ｍｉｌｅｓ术已成为最后的选择,为提高５年生存率和减少复发率必须注     

低位直肠癌保肛术式的选择

目的 对低位直肠癌保肛术式的选择方法进行探讨.方法 2003年1月至2008年1月期间,对137例低位直肠癌按无瘤原则行保肛术,术中将血供良好的结肠断端无张力拉下吻合,恢复肠道肛管的连续性.结果 行双吻合器低位前切除术102例中,91例直肠癌基底距肛缘6～8 cm,11例直肠癌基底距肛缘5～6 cm,后者肿瘤均位于直肠后壁;行Parks术或改良Bacon术35例中,直肠癌基底距肛缘均为5～6 cm.Parks术19例均为乙状结肠与肛管吻合;改良Bacon术16例均行降结肠经肛管拖出手术.结论 对肿瘤基底距肛缘6～8 cm和少数较瘦患者、基底距肛缘5～6 cm、且肿块位于直肠后壁的低位直肠癌可以采用双吻合器低位前切除术.对肿瘤基底距肛缘5～6 cm的低位直肠癌,可以行Parks术或改良Bacon术,其中乙状结肠较长时可以行乙状结肠与肛管吻合的Parks术;乙状结肠长度不够时可以游离结肠脾曲或左半结肠,行降结肠经肛管拉出的改良Bacon术.     

中低位直肠癌保肛手术67例临床分析

直肠癌是我国常见的大肠恶性肿瘤 ,发病率有逐年增高趋势 ,发病年龄也比欧美国家早 12～ 18年。我院从 1991年 1月～ 1999年 12月共行直肠癌手术 16 7例 ,其中Ｍｉｌｅｓ手术 10 0例 ,保肛手术 6 7例。保肛手术的方式为Ｄｉｘｏｎ手术、Ｂａｃｏｎ手术、改良Ｂａｃｏｎ手术和Ｐａｒｋｓ手术及应用吻合器低位吻合。经过认真随诊、对比 ,在术后局部复发率上两者无明显差异。现将保肛的 6 7例报道如下。1　资料和方法1 1　临床资料　本组男 39例 ,女 2 8例。年龄 2 3～79岁 ,平均 6 1岁。肿瘤下缘距肛缘 4～ 5ｃｍ 15例 ,6～ 7ｃｍ 4 6例 ,7ｃ…     

45例低位直肠癌手术治疗分析

低位直肠癌能否保肛一直存在较大争议,随着吻合器的应用和手术技术的改进,低位直肠癌保肛成功率不断提高。本文结合笔者对距肛缘5～7cm低位直肠癌的处理和保肛手术中吻合器的应用体会,作一分析讨论。 临床资料     

低位直肠癌保肛手术及其吻合技术的探讨(附55例报告)

目的：探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术方法及其吻合技术。方法：报告55例低位直肠癌保肛手术的近期疗效、并发症。结果：在根治性切除的基础上，51例采用单吻合器行端端吻合无并发症；2例采用双吻合器行端侧吻合，均发生吻合口瘘；2例采用仿Mounsell—weir吻合效果良好。结论：①肿瘤下缘距肛缘5～7cm，侵及肠壁周径≤1／2，无远处转移，且术中游离超过肿瘤下缘2～3cm者，均可先用保肛手术；②采用荷包缝合钳加单吻合器的端端吻合是理想的吻合方法。     

弧形切割缝合器在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用

目的:探讨新型弧形切割缝合器(凯途TM)在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用.方法:回顾性分析2005年11月至2006年6月收治的46例低位直肠癌应用新型弧形切割缝合器施行低位前切除的临床资料.双重器械吻合前切除术40例中,1例家族性腺瘤样息肉病行全大肠切除回肠J型贮袋肛管吻合术;39例直肠癌,其中Dukes A期 11例,Dukes B期15例,Dukes C期13例,分别行低位或超低位前切除术、或前切除术.Hartmann术6例为5例Dukes D期和1例高龄体虚Dukes B期低位直肠癌.结果:双重吻合前切除40例中,超低位吻合33例(33/40,82.5%);无吻合口瘘发生,无局部复发出现;吻合口出血3例(3/40,7.5%),直肠阴道瘘2例(2/18,11.1%).行Hartmann术6例,直肠切割闭合处平均距肛缘2.8 cm.结论:弧形切割缝合器在低位直肠癌的保肛手术中的应用与直线形切割缝合器相比有着较大的优势.     

Impact of total mesorectal excision on the results of surgery of distal rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study reviewed the results of surgery for distal rectal cancer (tumours within 6 cm of the anal verge) following the introduction of total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in one institution. METHODS: Two hundred and five patients who had undergone surgical resection of rectal cancer within 6 cm of the anal verge were included. The demographic, operative and follow-up data were collected prospectively. Comparisons were made between patients who had different surgical procedures. RESULTS: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) was performed in 27.8 per cent of patients, falling from 36.0 per cent in the first 3 years to 20.0 per cent in the last 3 years of the study. The overall operative mortality rate was 1.5 per cent and the morbidity rate 30.2 per cent. With a mean follow-up of 36 months, local recurrence occurred in 28 of the 185 patients who had curative resection. The 5-year actuarial local recurrence rates for double-stapled anastomosis, peranal coloanal anastomosis and APR were 11.2, 34.6 and 23.5 per cent respectively. The local recurrence rate was significantly lower for double-stapled low anterior resection than for the other types of operation. The overall 5-year survival rate in patients with low anterior resection and APR was 69.1 and 51.1 per cent respectively (P = 0.12). CONCLUSION: With the practice of total mesorectal excision, APR was necessary in only 27.8 per cent of patients with rectal cancer within 6 cm of the anal verge. The local recurrence rate was much lower in patients with double-stapled low anterior resection than in those treated with APR or peranal anastomosis.     

Surgery of colorectal cancer

Studies on lymphatic spread of rectal cancer have established the rationale for sphincter preservation in the treatment of midrectal cancer. This entity comprises lesions located 5.5 to 10 cm above the anal verge in women and 7 to 11 cm in men. Abdominosacral resection is a logical means for restoring intestinal continuity after radial resection for midrectal cancer. Direct posterior exposure of the distal limit of resection above the pelvic floor allows accurate construction of the anastomosis without disturbing the anorectal structures or their innervation and maintains essentially normal anal continence. The procedure is preferable to the various pull-through operations. Survival rates for patients undergoing anterior resection, abdominosacral resection and abdominoperineal resection are comparable.     

直肠拖出双吻合器超低位直肠癌保肛术：附46例报告

目的：评价以直肠拖出和双吻合器技术实施超低位直肠癌保肛手术的疗效。方法：1997年12月—2005年12月利用直肠拖出和双吻合器保肛技术，对46例超低位直肠癌患者行癌肿切除术。肿瘤下缘距肛缘4～7 cm，平均5.5 cm。Dukes分期：A期26例，B期16例，C期4例。结果：46例均成功地保留了肛门和大便控制功能。术后发生吻合口瘘1例（2.2％），吻合口狭窄4例（8.7％）。全组平均随访54个月，其中有2例（4.3％）局部复发。5年生存率为81.3％;无发生排尿功能障碍者;82.4%的男性患者和83.3％女性患者术后性功能良好。结论：直肠拖出双吻合器保肛术是安全可行的，为超低位直肠癌患者提供了新的保肛术式选择。     

双吻合器法在直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的：探讨双吻合器吻合法在直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法：回顾性总结我院1994－1999年52例直肠癌应用双吻合器法行结直肠吻合保肛的经验。结果：本组52例，应用双吻合器的直肠癌手术中直肠残端闭合失败2例（3．8％），吻合器切割不全4例（7．6％），术后发生吻合口漏2例（3．8％），吻合口狭窄3例（5．8％），切口感染2例（3．8％），吻合口出血1例（1．9％）。术后局部复发3例（5．8％），无手术死亡。结论：双吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中是安全可靠的，可以帮助外科医生完成以往手法缝合难以完成的低位结直肠吻合术。     

Local Recurrence following Total Mesorectal Excision with Double-stapling Anastomosis for Rectal Cancers: Analysis of Risk Factors

This study reviewed the local recurrence rate in patients who had undergone total mesorectal excision and double-stapling low anterior resection for mid and distal rectal cancers. It also aimed to identify risk factors for local recurrence through univariate and multivariate analyses. Consecutive patients with rectal cancers within 12 cm of the anal verge treated with total mesorectal excision and double-stapling low anterior resection from August 1993 to December 2000 were studied. The demographic data, operative details, tumor characteristics, and follow-up data were collected prospectively. Factors that might affect the local recurrence rate were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 270 patients were included in the study (156 men, 114 women). The mean +/- SD age was 64.83 +/- 11.27 years. The mean +/- SD level of the tumor was 7.17 +/- 1.90 cm. All anastomoses were performed within 5 cm of the anal verge. During the mean follow-up of 35.5 months, 12 patients developed local recurrence. The 5-year actuarial local recurrence rate was 7.3%. The presence of lymphovascular invasion and the resection margin of < or = 1 cm were found to be risk factors for local recurrence in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of lymphovascular invasion was the only independent factor for local recurrence. In the group of patients with lymphovascular invasion, proximal tumors (6-12 cm from the anal verge) were shown to have a significantly lower local recurrence than those within 6.1 cm from the anal verge (4.2% vs. 37.8%; p <0.001). Low anterior resection performed with double stapling and total mesorectal excision achieved a local recurrence rate of 7.3%. The presence of lymphovascular invasion was the only independent risk factor for local recurrence. A high local recurrence rate was associated with distal cancers (? 6 cm from the anal verge) with lymphovascular invasion. Adjuvant therapy for local control should be considered for this subgroup of patients.     

The indications for a diverting stoma in low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a prospective multicentre study of 222 patients from Japanese cancer centers

Aim The aim of the study was to determine the present state of diverting stoma construction in Japanese cancer centres and to investigate the relationship between symptomatic leakage and diverting stoma after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Method Two hundred and twenty‐two consecutive patients undergoing low anterior resection for rectal cancer located within 10 cm from the anal verge were investigated in a prospective, multicenter study. Results The overall leakage rate was 9.0% (20/222). Of 31 cases with an anastomosis within 2.0 cm from the anal verge, 22 (71%) had a diverting stoma. Of cases anastomosed within 5.0 cm, the absence of a diverting stoma and tumour size were significantly related to an increased rate of leakage [leakage in 13 (12.7%) of 102 cases without a diverting stoma; in three (3.8%) of 80 cases with a diverting stoma]. Among anastomoses within 2.0 cm from the anal verge, leakage occurred in four (44.4%) of nine cases without and in none (0%) of 22 cases with a diverting stoma. Conclusion We recommend a diverting stoma for an anastomosis within 5.0 cm of the anal verge and strongly recommend it for a very low anastomosis within 2.0 cm.     

Sphincter-saving resection for all rectal carcinomas: the end of the 2-cm distal rule

OBJECTIVE: To assess oncologic outcome of patients treated by conservative radical surgery for tumors below 5 cm from the anal verge. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Standard surgical treatment of low rectal cancer below 5 cm from the anal verge is abdominoperineal resection. METHODS: From 1990 to 2003, patients with a nonfixed rectal carcinoma at 4.5 cm or less from the anal verge and without external sphincter infiltration underwent conservative surgery. Surgery included total mesorectal excision with intersphincteric resection, that is, removal of the internal sphincter, to achieve adequate distal margin. Patients with T3 disease or internal sphincter infiltration received preoperative radiotherapy. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients with a tumor at 3 (range 1.5-4.5) cm from the anal verge underwent conservative surgery. There was no mortality and morbidity was 27%. The rate of complete microscopic resection (R0) was 89%, with 98% negative distal margin and 89% negative circumferential margin. In 58 patients with a follow-up of more than 24 months, the rate of local recurrence was 2% and the 5-year overall and disease-free survival were 81% and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The technique of intersphincteric resection permits us to achieve conservative surgery in patients with a tumor close to or in the anal canal without compromising local control and survival. Tumor distance from the anal verge is no longer a limit for sphincter-saving resection.     

应用国产双吻合器行直肠癌保肛手术

目的探讨国产双吻合器在直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性总结我院1996年以来67例直肠癌患者应用国产双吻合器法行结直肠吻合保肛手术的经验。结果本组在直肠癌手术中应用双吻合器作直肠残端闭合均成功。吻合器切割不全4例,术后发生吻合口瘘2例(3.0%),切口感染2例(3.0%),吻合口出血1例(1.5%)。术后病理检查切缘癌细胞阴性65例,阳性2例。术后局部复发3例(4.5%),无手术死亡。结论国产双吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中是安全可靠的,它可以完成以往手法缝合难以完成的低位结直肠吻合术。