一种过盈配合式液压滑阀的设计方法

针对航空宽温度范围(-55～150℃)变化的工作环境,提出一种过盈配合式液压滑阀,其核心思想是将油路通过沟槽化设计转换到液压滑阀阀套的表面来实现流体的控制和沟通,利用阀套与壳体之间的过盈配合进行密封。彻底取消了传统以胶圈密封的结构方式,大大降低了滑阀的加工难度和装调难度,并从根本上解决了液压滑阀因胶圈老化带来的维护性、性能变差的难题。提出的过盈配合式液压滑阀具有结构简单、使用可靠性高、工作稳定、体积小、质量轻等特点。然而由于材料的热胀冷缩现象,尤其是不同材料之间的组合,在宽温度范围内变化时,其过盈量的密封设计会对液压滑阀的性能带来严重的影响。通过对不同材料组合的过盈配合式液压滑阀的结构场、流场随温度变化的影响进行有限元、FLUENT仿真分析,来指导过盈配合式液压滑阀的设计。最后通过试验验证了其性能。     

基于ADINA液压滑阀的流固耦合研究

以ADINA软件的流固耦合求解器为计算平台,对液压滑阀进行数字模拟。分析滑阀内部流场特性、稳态液动力产生原因,研究入口速度和开口度对稳态液动力、阀芯等效应力的影响。研究结果有助于认识滑阀式换向阀的内部流场特性、稳态液动力的产生原因及变化规律和阀芯应力分布情况,并对滑阀结构参数设计和性能优化起到一定的指导作用。     

数字液压缸阀芯特性研究

阀芯特性是影响数字液压缸准确性与稳定性的重要因素。以数字液压缸的滑阀阀芯为研究对象,通过建立圆柱滑阀、矩形槽滑阀和锥形滑阀3种典型滑阀过流面积的数学模型,并结合数字液压缸AMESim仿真模型对3种阀芯的特性进行对比分析,研究3种滑阀对该型数字液压缸特性的影响,为该型数字液压缸滑阀阀芯的设计、选择及优化提供了参考依据。     

锥阀集成系统在液压机上的应用

本文着重介绍一下锥阀式液压阀和锥阀集成系统在我厂生产的YA27—500型500吨单动薄板冲压液压机上的应用以及在调试过程中对有关问题的处理。一、YA27—500型500吨单动薄板冲压液压机的滑阀系统与锥阀集成系统的比较 YA27—500型500吨单动薄板冲压液压机是我厂一九七四年设计的新产品,原来是采用滑阀式液压系统,自一九七七年改用了锥阀式液压集成系统以后,不仅满足了原设计和使用     

单座柱塞式调节阀等百分比型流量特性设计研究

通过研究调节阀的流阻系数，发现调节阀的流阻系数主要受阀体和阀芯两部分结构影响。将调节阀的结构特性与等百分比型流量调节特性相结合，推导出等百分比型调节阀各开度下流通面积的求解公式，并依据该公式计算结果运用等值面积曲线法给出了柱塞式调节阀阀芯型线设计方法。结果显示：依靠该方法所设计的阀芯，调节阀仿真模拟得到的流量调节特性与理想流量调节特性高度吻合。该方法有较高的准确性和可靠性，在一定程度上减轻了传统阀芯设计需要多次进行试验修正的工作量。     

液压滑阀卡滞与可靠性分析研究

以某航空器滑油供油系统中的液压滑阀为研究对象,研究摩擦力与液动力对滑阀卡滞的影响。建立阀芯运动的数学模型,包括液压径向力模型、液动力模型和阀芯触壁摩擦力模型。基于AMESim构建滑阀系统模型并进行卡滞现象复现仿真分析,其滑阀受加速度影响,弹簧使阀芯触壁产生的摩擦力过大时导致滑阀卡滞。提出一种滑阀可靠性分析流程,考虑弹簧结构尺寸参数的随机性,采用Monte-Carlo法计算滑阀的可靠性,并对参数进行优化。研究结果表明：弹簧的极限偏差值e1、e2是影响可靠性的主要因素,其中弹簧极限偏差值e2灵敏度更高,通过参数优化获得滑阀无卡滞下的参数适用范围,其分析流程为滑阀中的弹簧选型提供了参考。     

基于逆向工程和3D打印技术快速制作随形密封圈

密封圈年久老化、密封槽较浅或密封圈尺寸不合适等都会导致汽车滑阀箱漏油。为了解决滑阀箱由于设计缺陷造成的漏油问题,对滑阀箱进行激光扫描,通过逆向工程建立滑阀箱随形密封圈模具三维模型,再通过光固化3D打印技术制作出模具,最后将配比好的硅橡胶和固化剂混合液浇注在模具内,通过反应注塑得到密封圈。采用逆向工程与3D打印结合的方式制作随形密封圈与传统注塑模具制造方式相比,缩短了模具制作周期,降低了模具制作成本。通过实验验证,有效解决了某汽车滑阀箱漏油问题。     

新型压电叠堆驱动式射流管伺服阀设计及性能研究

针对目前航空工业对高频响、高精度的射流管伺服阀需求,设计了一款压电叠堆驱动式射流管伺服阀,分析了其工作原理,研究了伺服阀的射流区及滑阀的特性,建立了其动力学模型,并通过仿真试验将其与传统的电磁式射流管伺服阀进行了对比分析。仿真试验结果表明:该型压电叠堆驱动式射流管伺服阀与电磁式射流管伺服阀相比,响应速度提升0.8 ms、频响提升5倍、稳定性好、控制精度高,且能达到需求的滑阀位移。该压电式射流管伺服阀的设计为改进传统的射流管伺服阀提供了一种新的方法。     

锥形阀口滑阀的特性研究及流场数值模拟

研究锥形滑阀的过流面积特性,并从微观的流场控制角度出发,采用流场仿真软件FLUENT对该形滑阀的流场特性如压力场、速度场、涡旋分布等进行可视化研究,并分析滑阀阀芯开度对流场分布的影响以及流场分布对滑阀液动力的影响.此研究将有助于在更深层次上认识该型滑阀流量特性以及流场分布规律,并对滑阀设计起到一定的指导作用.     

滑阀式换向阀结构参数最优设计

本文通过滑阀式换向阀结构尺寸的研究,对其设计方法提出了部分规律性的理论观点;指出了阀芯的换向行程、阀体的沉割槽宽度、槽间壁厚以及阀的开口量、封油长度之间的关系;给出了不同滑阀机能的特殊轴向尺寸的确定方法。借助于这些方法,在滑阀的结构没计中,在保证水力损失和容积损失最小的基础上,准确推算出各轴向尺寸的最佳值。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.