固溶处理对Ti-6Cr-5Mo-5V-4Al合金组织与性能的影响

研究了固溶处理对一种新型Ti-6Cr-5 Mo-5V-4Al合金组织与室温拉伸性能的影响.研究发现:Ti-6Cr-5 Mo-5V-4Al合金在β/β固溶处理后的典型组织为:变形拉长的β晶粒,晶粒破碎,原始β晶界处有项链状初生α相析出,经时效后,晶内则析出纵横交错的细小次生α相.β固溶处理后的典型组织为:等轴β晶粒,经时效后晶界处沿着一定取向析出次生α相薄片层,晶内弥散分布着平行交错的细小次生α相.随着固溶温度的升高,β晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,初生α相的含量逐渐减少,相转变温度以上固溶处理后初生α相完全消失.α/β固溶+时效后显微组织中次生α相尺寸较小,大小均匀,长度在500nm左右;而β固溶+时效后显微组织中次生α相尺寸较大,且大小不均,长度在200～1500 nm左右.该合金经固溶处理后具有中等强度水平和良好的塑性,且在实验温度范围内,固溶温度越高,合金强度越低,塑性越好;经时效后,α/β固溶处理的时效强化效应明显强于β固溶处理后,强度差值达360 MPa,主要是因为α/β固溶处理后初生α相的析出,导致残余β相更加稳定,时效时次生α相的驱动力小,以及残余大量的位错等缺陷为α相提供了较多的形核位置,因此次生α相尺寸细小且分布均匀弥散.     

Ti-1300F高强钛合金丝材热处理工艺优化

采用正交试验方法,研究了固溶温度、时效温度和时效时间对φ6.5 mm Ti-1300 F合金丝材室温拉伸性能和显微组织的影响.结果表明:经α+β两相区固溶+时效处理后,合金的显微组织由细小等轴初生α相、弥散针状次生α相和β基体组成.时效温度对合金强度和塑性的影响最为显著,固溶温度次之,时效时间的影响最小.根据试验结果对...     

固溶温度对Ti-62A合金拉伸性能和断裂韧性的影响

Ti-62A合金是一种新型高强高韧损伤容限型钛合金,研究了固溶温度对Ti-62A合金30 mm厚板材的显微组织、拉伸性能以及断裂韧性的影响规律。研究结果表明:Ti-62A合金Φ720 mm铸锭经单相区和两相区多道次大变形轧制后所得的30 mm厚板材组织为典型的片层组织,由片层状的α相和β转变组织构成,组织均匀,片层状α相平均宽度约为2.5μm,长度在40～65μm之间。两相区固溶+时效处理后,合金的组织类型为片层状组织,即片层状的初生α相(αp)相与β转变组织,随固溶温度升高,合金中的初生α相(αp)相含量显著减少,β转变组织逐渐增多,次生α相(αs)片层宽度增大,同时合金的强度下降,塑性上升,当接近相变点时这种趋势变缓。单相区固溶+时效处理获得魏氏组织,晶粒粗大,晶界平直而清晰,其拉伸强度高于920℃和940℃固溶时的片层组织,但塑性显著降低;与900℃固溶时相比强度和塑性均降低。合金的断裂韧性随固溶温度的上升而逐渐升高,单相区固溶并时效后的魏氏组织的断裂韧性明显优于两相区固溶并时效后的片层组织。     

热处理对Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe合金组织与力学性能的影响研究

对Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe(Ti-35421)合金进行了不同工艺的固溶时效处理,研究了热处理后的组织演变规律与力学性能。结果表明：经不同温度固溶+540℃时效后,随着固溶温度的升高,初生α相板条变短变粗,体积分数减少,针状次生α相体积分数增加,Ti-35421合金的强度增加,塑韧性减小,拉伸断口表面韧窝数量减少、尺寸变小,逐渐出现微孔和空洞;经775℃固溶+不同温度时效后,随着时效温度的升高,针状次生α相变短变粗,次生α相间距增大,合金的强度减小,塑韧性增加,拉伸断口表面韧窝逐渐变大变深,微孔和空洞逐渐消失。当热处理工艺为775℃/1 h/AC+560℃/16 h/AC时,Ti-35421合金的抗拉强度为1125 MPa,屈服强度为1024 MPa,延伸率为5.5%,冲击吸收功为36.3 J,具有良好的强塑韧性匹配。     

热处理对VST55531钛合金的组织和拉伸性能的影响

研究了固溶温度和时效温度对VST55531合金组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：在本实验范围内,合金强度分别随固溶温度的提高和时效温度的提高而呈降低趋势,整体塑性较差,延伸率和断面收缩率分别在7．5％和17．0％以下。时效温度为550℃时,合金的极限抗拉强度都在1500MPa以上,尤其经830℃,1h固溶空冷并经550℃,8h时效的合金,其抗拉强度可达到1555MPa。在两相区固溶空冷的合金组织主要为8转变组织和初生。相,初生a相形貌为片状的。束域,时效时析出的次生a相有效地提高了合金的强度。     

热处理对Ti-3Al-2Fe-8V-1.5Mo合金组织和拉伸性能影响

利用光学显微技术(OM)和扫描电子显微技术(SEM)研究了Ti-3Al-2Fe-8V-1.5Mo合金在两相区和单相区固溶时效工艺下固溶温度、时效温度和时间对合金显微组织、拉伸性能和断口形貌的影响。结果表明:该合金经过固溶时效处理后的显微组织主要由α相和β相组成。随固溶温度升高,初生α相(α_p)体积分数减小,次生α相(α_s)含量增加;在相同的固溶条件下,随着时效温度和时间延长,α_s相尺寸增大,晶界α相变宽。单相区固溶时效处理后,α_s相以一定的取向关系沿着晶界弥散析出。与两相区固溶时效相比,单相区固溶时效后析出的α_s相弥散度较高、尺寸较小,强化效果更明显。α_p和α_s相会影响合金性能,随固溶温度降低、时效温度和时间增加,合金强化效应减弱,但塑性提高。通过观察拉伸断口形貌发现:合金在两相区固溶时效后以韧性断裂为主,在单相区固溶时效后以延性沿晶断裂方式为主。     

热处理对深海耐压壳用Ti542222钛合金厚板组织性能影响研究

为获得强度-塑性-韧性最佳匹配的深海耐压壳用Ti542222高强高韧钛合金，研究了固溶温度、时效温度对Ti542222厚板显微组织、力学性能和断口形貌的影响。结果表明：经750～800℃固溶处理后，合金由初生α_p相和亚稳β相组成，且均随温度升高而长大，β基体上次生α_s相发生了由α_s→β的转变，强度降低，韧性提高；当在800～860℃固溶处理时，初生α_p相减少，在β相基体上析出斜方马氏体α″相，且随温度升高，初生α_p相和β相逐渐粗化，α″相大量增加，强度稳步提升，塑、韧性降低；在860℃/1.5 h空冷(AC)+(550～760)℃/4 h AC固溶时效中，当时效温度为550℃时，显微组织与860℃/1.5 h AC退火后基本一致，亚稳β相分解形成的次生α_s相比较细小、均匀，强度仍保持高值，但韧性不能满足深海耐压壳材料需求，当时效温度为630～760℃时，显微组织为初生α_p相、 β相、 α_s相，且随着时效温度升高，...     

热处理制度对Ti-55531合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过采用不同的热处理制度研究了时效温度和β退火温度对Ti-55531合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ti-55531合金固溶加时效处理后可获得初生α相呈长条或等轴状的组织,β基体上大量析出的次生α相使其获得较高的强度,且强度随时效温度升高而显著降低,延伸率变化不明显,断面收缩率在620℃以上随着时效温度升高有所增加,但该组织状态断裂韧度偏低;β退火后可获得均匀的片状组织,具有较高的断裂韧性,抗拉强度在600~650℃之间随退火温度升高呈线性关系降低,可根据需要很方便地调整强度级别,塑性随退火温度升高变化不太明显。     

时效对Ti-6Cr-5Mo-5V-4Al合金组织与拉伸性能的影响

研究了时效对一种新型Ti-6Cr-5Mo-5V-4A1合金组织与拉伸性能的影响.研究发现:Ti-6Cr-5Mo-5V-4Al合金在α/β固溶+时效处理后的典型组织为:β晶粒破碎,β晶界处有连续和不连续的项链状初生α相,晶内有不连续的球状初生α相及时效过程析出纵横交错的细小次生α相β固溶+时效处理后的典型组织为:等轴β晶...     

β钛合金的强韧化机制分析

β钛合金的合金成分、热处理工艺和显微组织决定了合金的强韧性.β钛合金的β稳定元素和中型元素Zr可以提高合金的强度,降低断裂韧性.细小的β晶粒不能有效提高时效态β钛合金的强度,可以降低Ti-15-3合金的断裂韧性,对β-C和Ti-1023合金的断裂韧性无明显影响.时效态β钛合金的强度主要取决于时效析出的次生α相的含量和尺寸,在含有同样初生α相的情况下,细小的次生α相可以显著提高合金的强度.初生α相的粗化以及初生相从球状转变为片状会导致β钛合金塑性降低,断裂韧性提高.β钛合金的双态组织具有良好的强度、塑性和韧性的匹配.     

V-5Cr-5Ti合金再结晶规律及其动力学

研究了V-5Cr-5Ti合金在900～1100 ℃之间的再结晶规律, 概括了V-5Cr-5Ti合金的再结晶动力学机制. 结果表明, 合金冷变形板材在950～1050 ℃下退火处理, 可获得细小、均匀的等轴晶; 初步推导了V-5Cr-5Ti合金再结晶动力学机制, 符合Avrami-Erofeev形核长大机制; 并计算了V-5Cr-5Ti合金再结晶激活能Q_r, 其值为261.91～289.67 kJ· mol~(-1).     

铜镍锡框架材料工艺性能研究

研究了固溶处理温度范围,时效8温度和时间,形变热处理的预处理加工率对CuNi5Sn5合金的抗拉强度、延伸率和导电率的影响。表明在400℃以下有低爱火强化现象,在500℃左右出现中温脆化。CuNi5Sn5合金在800－950℃固溶处理和形变热处理可使导率由10％提高到13％IACS,试验表明本合金退火温度范围在600－700℃之间,时效温度和时间分别为400℃、2h,时效前的冷加工率应在77％以上,才能获得较好的综合性能。     

热处理对5Cr5MoSiV钢组织和性能的影响

研究了淬火和回火温度对全断面隧道掘进机盘形滚刀用5C15MoSiV钢(0．50～0．55C，4．5～5．5Cr，0．8～1．2Si，0．8～1．5Mo，0．6～1．2V)组织、硬度和耐磨性的影响，该钢在1020℃淬火 500℃两次回火可获得最高的硬度；而在1060℃淬火 530℃两次回火可获得较好的耐磨性。     

Differential inhibition of stress-induced adrenocortical responses by 5-HT1A agonists and by 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 antagonists

The present studies were designed to determine the effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonists and 5-HT2A/2C and 5-HT3 antagonists on adrenocortical responses to a variety of stress paradigms in conscious male rats. The following stressors were examined: acoustic stress (105 dB for 2 min); foot shock (0.2 mA, five shocks over 5 min); conditioned fear (animals placed in the foot shock chamber for 5 min, 24 h after foot shock); restraint (Plexiglas restrainer for 5 min); injection of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1, 20 micrograms/kg, IP); injection of cocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg, IP). Drug treatments consisted of intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intraperitoneal (IP) injections of the 5-HT1A agonists, 8-OH-DPAT and ipsapirone (0.1 pmol, ICV), the 5-HT2A/2C antagonist, ketanserin (2 mumol/kg, IP), and the 5-HT3 antagonist, MDL-72222 (20 nmol, ICV). The plasma corticosterone (CS) responses to foot shock and restraint stress were not affected by any of the serotonergic drugs tested. The 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, was able to attenuate the adrenocortical responses to acoustic stimulation, conditioned fear, IL-1 alpha, and cocaine administration, with ipsapirone also being effective in reducing the responses to acoustic stimulation and cocaine injection. The 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin was able to reduce the adrenocortical response in the conditioned fear paradigm and the response to IL-1 alpha injection. The 5-HT3 antagonist, MDL-72222 was only effective in reducing the response to acoustic stimulation. Thus, adrenocortical responses to each of the applied stressors were differentially affected by the 5-HT receptor ligands tested. The results of this study indicate that 5-HT1A agonists may be efficient stress response-reducing agents. However, their efficacy depends on the lack of a somatosensory component to the applied stressor and their agonist properties suggest that their action may not involve direct effects on serotonergic pathways mediating the observed responses. In contrast, the specificity of the 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 antagonists in blocking adrenocortical responses to certain stressors suggests that these drugs exert their effects by blocking serotonergic neurotransmission in pathways mediating the adrenocortical responses to specific stimuli.     

Biological activities of C5a and C5adesArg from hog serum

The complement-derived peptides C5a and C5adesArg (highly purified from yeast-activated hog serum) were both active in the following biological assays: in aggregation of human leukocytes (potency ratio for C5a:C5adesArg 3:1), in aggregation of guinea pig platelets (10:1), in chemotaxis of peritoneal rabbit leukocytes (10:1), and in contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum (1.4:1). The fact that C5adesArg preparations have 30 and 40% of the activity of C5a in leukocyte aggregation and smooth muscle contraction but only 10% of C5a chemotactic activity, clearly indicates that aggregation and spasmogenic activity are inherent properties of C5adesArg. Evidence that C5adesArg owns all activities studied is further given by the following findings: chromatographic separation of mixtures of C5a and C5adesArg results in the appearance of two peaks of spasmogenic activity; treatment of C5adesArg with carbopeptidase B does neither lead to release of detectable arginine nor abrogate any of the biological effects; treatment of C5a with carboxypeptidase B reduces the activities quantitatively to those of C5adesArg, and liberates the theoretically expected amount of arginine.     

Use of 5-nitroindole-2'-deoxyribose-5'-triphosphate for labelling and detection of oligonucleotides

The 5'-triphosphate of 5-nitroindole-2'-deoxyriboside has been shown to be a good substrate for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). An antibody has been prepared for the detection of 5-nitroindole and has been used for the detection of 5-nitroindole tailed DNA both in single-stranded form and after hybridisation to a template. This is therefore a new method for the detection of nucleic acid probes.