上海市社区卫生服务中心与三级综合性医院新型冠状病毒肺炎的防护现状调查分析

目的 了解抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情下不同级别医院的感染防护现况,为职业感染防护提供策略和建议。方法 选取不同级别医院的一线医师,于2020年3月2日至9日通过微信平台进行网络调研。通过问卷星调研平台设计调查问卷,内容包括一线医师基本信息、防护知识内容、抗击疫情工作环境、医用防护用品管理和防护措施实施情况等。结果 共回收有效问卷966份,由上海市15个区9所三级综合性医院、42所社区卫生服务中心的一线医师填写。社区卫生服务中心一线医师的COVID-19疫情相关知识培训率高于三级综合性医院［90.45%（644/712）vs 79.53%（202/254）,χ²=20.528,P=0.001］,根据COVID-19相关内容识别相应类别患者（χ²=27.108,P=0.009）、手部卫生消毒和防护服穿脱（χ²=22.666,P=0.001）及正确处理医疗废弃物（χ²=74.251,P=0.001）等的掌握程度均优于三级综合性医院。COVID-19防护措施执行过程中,社区卫生服务中心一线医师能够严格按需、按防护强度更换一次性防护服的比例［31.74%（226/712）］高于三级综合性医院［25.20%（64/254）］,差异有统计学意义（χ²=33.229,P=0.001）。社区卫生服务中心与三级综合性医院一线医师在正确实施患者的标本采集、防护面罩更换频率、疫情期间每周在院工作时长方面的差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 在本次COVID-19疫情防护中,社区卫生服务中心起到了重要的网底作用。部分防护措施在社区卫生服务中心和三级综合性医院之间有所不同,需进一步完善降低医疗机构COVID-19职业感染风险的合理措施。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间官兵恐慌情绪状态及其影响因素

目的 探究新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情初期广大官兵的恐慌情绪状态及其影响因素。方法 在COVID-19疫情初期整群随机抽取驻冀某部官兵431名，采用军人心理应激自评问卷、焦虑自评量表、COVID-19了解程度量表、心理恐慌源量表、疫情发布信息评估量表和风险认知量表进行问卷调查。结果 收回有效问卷411份，回收有效率为95.36%。调查发现5.84%（24/411）的官兵处于心理应激状态，4.14%（17/411）处于心理恐慌状态，处于心理应激状态的官兵心理恐慌得分为（47.76±6.51）分，显著高于非心理应激状态的官兵[（32.95±10.94）分]，差异有统计学意义（t=106.01，P<0.01）；官兵对不同维度的COVID-19知识了解程度不同（χ²=91.53，P<0.01），欠缺了解比例较高的是COVID-19的相关科研进展（22.87%，94/411）和症状（20.92%，86/411）；心理恐慌源主要是COVID-19传染性强、人人戴口罩和护目镜及来自互联网的信息等；在疫情发布信息中，累计发病人数、新增发病人数和累计疑似病例数是官兵较为关注的疫情信息；年龄、风险认知中的忧虑程度、本人感染的可能性、心理应激水平及COVID-19的了解程度对官兵心理恐慌有预测作用（P<0.05或P<0.01）；风险认知特征各维度中COVID-19对个人和社会的影响、COVID-19造成影响的事件特性对官兵的忧虑程度有预测作用（P<0.05或P<0.01）；在缓解心理恐慌措施方面，官兵更需要相关医学知识的普及。结论 在COVID-19疫情初期，包括风险认知特征和心理恐慌源等在内的因素会影响官兵的心理恐慌情绪，应采取相应的措施预防官兵心理恐慌。     

武汉方舱医院患者的心理状况及心理健康异常影响因素分析

目的 研究武汉体育中心方舱医院轻症新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者心理状况及心理健康异常的影响因素,为COVID-19患者心理干预提供指导。方法 选取2020年2～3月武汉经开区体育中心方舱医院随机抽样的108例COVID-19患者作为研究组,同期选择武汉市健康人群124例作为对照组,通过网络平台推送《新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间武汉地区患者及健康对照组心理健康状况调查问卷》。问卷内容包括被调查者一般人口学特征及心理状态评估。心理状态评估采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、事件影响量表修订版评估进行评定。比较两组研究对象焦虑、抑郁、应激障碍发生率的差异,分析影响COVID-19患者心理健康状况的危险因素。结果 研究组SDS评分高于对照组[（44.82±7.90）分vs（41.48±9.57）分],但SAS评分低于对照组[（31.04±7.76）分vs（35.66±10.66）分];研究组抑郁比例高于对照组[26.85% vs 12.90%],差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。logistic回归分析显示：年龄（51～67岁）是COVID-19患者心理健康异常的危险因素（OR=1.240,95%CI：0.102～0.826）。结论 COVID-19患者抑郁情绪重于健康人群,需要密切注意,尤其是年龄51～67岁的患者;但COVID-19患者焦虑情绪轻于健康人群。     

基于倾向性匹配法的胆囊结石合并慢性胆囊炎手术DRG控费效果研究

目的 基于倾向性匹配分析疾病诊断相关分组（DRG）对胆囊结石合并慢性胆囊炎手术患者住院费用的控费效果。方法 收集2021年1月至2022年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院1 010例胆囊结石合并慢性胆囊炎手术患者住院费用数据,按付费方式分为DRG组（n=570）和非DRG组（n=440）。采用描述性统计分析、倾向性评分法、秩和检验,平衡病例间混杂因素后,检验DRG组和非DRG组住院费用情况。结果 共纳入1 010例病例,经倾向性匹配成功852例。胆囊结石合并慢性胆囊炎患者DRG组与非DRG组年龄、住院天数在匹配前差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。患者住院费用中,耗材费、药费占比较高。经倾向性匹配后,DRG组与非DRG组住院总费用（Z=7.519,P<0.001）、自费金额（Z=13.903,P<0.001）、医保报销费用（Z=11.561,P<0.001）、综合医疗服务费（Z=2.188,P=0.029）、手术费（Z=2.256,P=0.024）、药费（Z=3.202,P=0.001）、耗材费（Z=2.229,P=0.026）、诊断费（Z=8.263,P<0.001）差异均有统计学意义。结论 DRG对胆囊结石合并慢性胆囊炎患者自费金额、综合医疗服务费、手术费、药费、耗材费及诊断费均具有控费效果,且总体对住院费用控费效果较好,但费用结构方面仍存在优化空间。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间一线护士哀伤辅导现状

目的 调查新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情期间武汉市一线护士的哀伤辅导现状,为制定合理的护理管理措施提供参考。方法 对225名一线护士应用基本情况问卷、哀伤辅导态度和技能量表进行调查。结果 收回有效问卷214份,回收有效率为95.1%。护士的哀伤辅导态度得分为（32.80±9.41）分,处于中等水平,哀伤辅导其他技能、沟通交流能力、是否接受过相关培训、接触丧亲家属频次是哀伤辅导态度的影响因素（P<0.05）;哀伤辅导技能得分为（19.24±4.10）分,处于中等偏下水平,哀伤辅导、接触丧亲家属频次、哀伤辅导培训、学历是哀伤辅导技能的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 COVID-19疫情期间武汉市一线护士对丧亲家属的哀伤辅导工作存在一定不足,建议成立护理哀伤辅导小组,建立长效、健全的培训架构。     

微视频追根溯源培训模式在急诊科护士新发传染病培训中的应用

目的 探讨微视频追根溯源培训模式应用于新发传染病（emerging infectious diseases, EID）知识培训对急诊科护士自主学习能力和学习效果的影响。方法 本研究从EID的历史发展视角制定培训内容,以微视频归类模块、基于微信群分期推送的自主学习形式构建培训方案。采用方便抽样法选取上海市某三级甲等综合医院85名急诊科护士（n=85）,进行微视频追根溯源培训,通过含有启发性思考、微视频学习、要点巩固、要点解析、延伸拓展五个环节的11期模块对其进行EID知识培训。比较干预前后急诊科护士自主学习能力和EID知信行水平,并调查其对该培训模式的满意度评价。使用SPSS 20.0及GraphPad Prism 9.3.0进行四分位数（Q₂₅,M,Q₇₅）的非参数Wilcoxon配对检验。结果 急诊科护士接受培训前后,其自主学习能力整体（Z=-4.69,P<0.001）及自我动机概念（Z=-4.48,P<0.001）、任务分析（Z=-4.06,P<0.001）、自我监控与调节（Z=-4.50,P<0.001）、自我评价（Z=-4.82,P<0.001）各维度得分差异均有统计学意义,培训后高于培训前;其EID知信行整体（Z=-4.65,P<0.001）及知识（Z=-4.04,P<0.001）、态度（Z=-3.24,P=0.001）、行为（Z=-4.05,P<0.001）各维度得分差异均有统计学意义,培训后高于培训前。急诊科护士对该培训模式满意度评价较高（各条目满意度均>90%）。结论 微视频追根溯源培训模式能有效提高急诊科护士自主学习能力和EID知信行水平,培训满意度较高,可尝试推广使用。     

长期住院对男性精神分裂症患者社会功能和生活质量的影响

目的 研究长期住院对男性精神分裂症患者社会功能和生活质量的影响。方法 选取2016年1~12月滨州市优抚医院30例长期住院（研究组）及32例长期随访门诊治疗（对照组）的男性精神分裂症患者,采用个体和社会功能量表（PSP）和精神分裂症患者生活质量量表（SQLS）分别对其进行社会功能和生活质量评估。结果 研究组在PSP量表中除扰乱及攻击行为（Z=0.234,P=0.193）项外,PSP总分（Z=-0.672,P<0.001）及社会中有用的活动（Z=5.234,P<0.001）、个人关系和社会关系（Z=4.722,P<0.001）、自我照料（Z=5.678,P<0.001）等与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义。研究组在SQLS量表中除症状和副作用量表（t=1.096,P=0.279）外,心理社会量表（t=2.381,P=0.022）、动力和精力量表（t=4.460,P<0.001）及总分（t=2.660,P=0.001）等与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论 长期住院的男性精神分裂症患者的社会功能和生活质量明显受损。     

新型冠状病毒疫苗接种对维持性血液透析合并COVID-19患者的价值

目的 探讨接种新型冠状病毒疫苗（新冠疫苗）对维持性血液透析（MHD）患者新型冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）严重程度的影响。方法 回顾性分析2022年12月至2023年1月安徽医科大学附属阜阳人民医院肾内科收治的166例终末期肾脏病行MHD合并COVID-19患者的临床资料。依据疫苗接种情况分为未接种组（接种0针）及接种组（接种≥2针）。比较两组患者临床特征及短期预后，并应用logistic回归模型分析患者住院及重症风险增加的独立危险因素。结果 166例MHD合并COVID-19患者中，未接种组91例（54.8%），接种组75例（45.2%）。未接种组年龄与吸烟比例高于接种组（P<0.05）。感染新型冠状病毒肺炎后，患者临床表现多样，发热（73.1%）、乏力（65.6%）、食欲减退（57.5%）最常见。接种组使用激素、中心吸氧、住院、重症比例明显减少，治愈患者比例显著增加（P<0.05）。接种新冠疫苗可减少MHD患者住院（OR=0.364，95% CI：0.147~0.901）及重症（OR=0.182，95% CI：0.037~0.901）发生风险。合并糖尿病、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）是MHD合并COVID-19患者住院及重症风险增加的独立危险因素，年龄是其重症风险增加的独立危险因素。结论 终末期肾脏病接受MHD合并COVID-19患者临床表现多样，合并糖尿病、冠心病患者住院及重症风险均增加，年龄增加患者重症风险增加，接种新冠疫苗可减少住院及重症风险。     

安徽省ICU护士幽门后喂养知信行的调查分析

目的 对安徽省ICU护士幽门后喂养知信行现状进行调查,并分析其影响因素。方法 本研究采用横断面调查设计,课题组根据文献综述结果结合临床经验设计安徽省ICU护士幽门后喂养知信行调查问卷,采用方便抽样法通过问卷星对安徽省425名ICU护士对幽门后喂养的知识、态度和行为情况进行调查,并采用单因素分析法比较不同人口学资料的护士知信行得分是否存在差异。结果 最终收到有效问卷414份。护士幽门后喂养知识得分率为70.6%,信念得分率为85.96%,行为得分率为78.17%。不同医院等级（t=4.393、2.496、2.526）、护龄（F=6.237、3.122、6.978）和职称（F=13.577、8.264、6.150）的护士幽门后喂养知识、态度、行为得分不同,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 安徽省ICU护士幽门后喂养基础知识和前沿知识掌握不完善,提示医院管理者应针对医院等级、护龄和职称等影响因素采取措施,以提高ICU护士幽门后喂养知信行水平。     

CETP基因Taq IB位点多态性对血脂水平及他汀疗效的影响

目的 评价胆固醇转运蛋白（CETP）基因Taq IB位点多态性与血脂水平的关系及对他汀药物疗效的影响。方法 在数据库中检索,获取CETP基因Taq IB位点与血脂水平及他汀药物疗效关系的文献,筛选文献后数据提取,用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 B2等位基因携带者个体HDL-C水平明显高于B1B1基因型个体,差异有统计学意义（B1B2：Z=6.17,P<0.01;B2B2：Z=10.05,P<0.01）,3种基因型他汀药物治疗前后的LDL-C水平改变差异无统计学意义（B1B2：Z=1.86,P=0.06;B2B2：Z=0.12,P=0.91）。结论 CETP基因Taq IB位点多态性对HDL-C水平有显著影响,但对他汀疗效的影响仍需进一步研究证实。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.