紧束缚近似解释MgB2超导电性

作者在BCS理论对于超导体电声耦合组成库珀对解释超导电性的基础上，从MgB2能带结构出发，通过紧束缚近似理论对其的详细计算和系统分析，比较合理的解释了MgB2的超导电性。     

MgB2薄膜的超导电性

采用平面波赝势方法计算了MgB2超导薄膜的电子结构.结果发现,表面层B(S)在费米能级处的态密度显著增强.在线性响应的密度泛函微扰理论框架下计算了MgB2薄膜的动力学性质及电-声子相互作用,分析了MgB2超导薄膜在Γ点的振动模的频率.结果发现,MgB2薄膜中的声子存在软化现象,并且声子的软化提高了电-声子相互作用,从而增强了薄膜的超导电性.     

无定形C掺杂对MgB2微结构和超导电性的影响

采用原位法粉末装管工艺制备了MgB2-xCx/Nb/Cu单芯线材.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(EMS)和物性测试仪(PPMS)等手段研究了无定形C掺杂对线材微观结构及超导电性的影响.结果显示,随着C掺杂量的增加,进入MgB2晶格的C含量增加,MgB2层间结构不变.样品性能达到实用化超导磁体要求,在温度30 K外场0.2 T条件下,C掺杂量x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15的样品临界电流密度分别达8.1×104,1.7×105,1.6×105和1.0×105A/cm2.实验表明最佳C掺杂量x在0.05与0.10之间.     

粉末套管法制备碳掺杂MgB2线材及其超导电性

采用原位粉末套管法制备了无定形碳掺杂MgB2/Nb/Cu超导线材。利用扫描电镜、输运法测试和磁测法等手段分析了无定形碳掺杂对超导线材的微观结构和超导电性的影响。结果表明,无定形碳掺杂降低了线材的临界转变温度,但可以显著提高超导线材的临界磁场和临界电流密度,750℃处理线材在20K下的不可逆场达到5.2T。实验结果表明,采用无定形掺杂原位粉末套管法可以制备出具有高临界电流密度的MgB2线材。     

多晶MgB2相形成中纳米尺寸硼粉的作用

原料硼粉在MgB2相形成中的作用已经利用原位高温电阻率(HT-ρT)的测量技术进行了研究.MgB2相形成中的起始转变温度Tonset和相转变完成温度TPF在完成了的热处理过程中已直接确定了.用纳米硼粉和镁粉制备MgB2样品(简称为NanoB-MgB2)时的Tonset和TPF这2个温度值分别是440和 490 ℃,类似于用微米硼粉和纳米镁粉制备MgB2样品(简称为MicroB-MgB2)的情况.这表明MgB2相形成的温度并不特别依赖于硼粉的尺寸.另外,烧结温度的上极限TN是750 ℃,在此温度下NanoB-MgB2样品的超导电性将丧失.此温度远低于用微米硼粉和毫米尺寸的镁粉制备的MgB2样品(简称为DM-MgB2)的TN= 980 ℃.把直接在650 ℃＜T N,烧结的样品与先在750 ℃下烧结,之后又再次重磨和处理后,并于富镁的环境中在650 ℃下再烧结处理的样品相比较,观察到了MgB2的不可逆的晶体结构转变.     

新型超导体MgB2电子结构与成键性质的第一性原理研究

对最新发现MgB2 超导体 (Tc≈ 39K)的电子结构及化学成键从能带结构、电子态密度DOS、价电子电荷密度分布等几个方面 ,采用LMTO方法进行了第一性原理研究 .同时对相关的同族二硼化物BeB2 、CaB2 电子性质的相似及差异给与阐述和比较 ,报告了SmB2 ,UB2 和LuB2 态密度的计算结果 ,并对它们的超导电性进行讨论与推测 .     

Zn掺杂对MgB2电子结构及超导转变温度的影响

建立Zn掺杂含量不同的6个MgB2模型Mg1-xZnxB2（x=0,1/18,1/16,1/12,1/8,1/6）,对模型进行参数优化,分析Zn掺杂对MgB2几何构型的影响;计算纯MgB2和x为1/6,1/8,1/12时掺杂模型的能带结构和态密度,对得到的结果进行分析和处理,并指出Zn掺杂时MgB2超导临界转变温度Tc变化的大致规律.根据强耦合BCS理论的Mc-Millan公式,推导第一性原理计算公式,计算Zn掺杂MgB2的超导临界转变温度Tc.     

超导电性及其在铁路上的应用

某些金属和合金,当温度接近绝对零度时,它们的电阻突然消失,这种现象称为超导电性。这篇文章叙述了超导电性的物理现象及超导电性的理论解释;讨论了有实用价值的第二类超导体,并着重讨论了非理想第二类超导体的钉扎作用。超导电性的应用很广。在铁路上,国外利用它制造了时速500公里的磁力悬浮列车,这种列车还处于试验阶段。本文介绍了磁力悬浮列车的基本原理及发展概况。我国在这方面的研究还刚开始,作者希望通过对超导电性及其在铁路上的应用的介绍,能对我国铁路上在这方面的研究有所帮助。     

超导薄膜临界磁场的非线性非局域效应研究

在处理薄膜中的超导现象的理论时,London理论、Pippard理论和GL理论都有其局限性,因为这些理论都不能完全解释超导电性的本质。根据对超导薄膜临界磁场普遍适用的公式,结合实验测得的超导薄膜临界磁场在理论上应该具有非线性、非局域性的特点;分析了影响超导电性的各种要素,得出了London理论、Pippard理论下修正后的临界磁场的表达式;分析了GL理论下波函数分别为球面波和正弦波时临界磁场分布情况。     

MgB2超导体的相图及其对薄膜制备的指导作用

MgB2适合于制备约瑟夫森结,在超导电子学领域有很好的应用前景。制备高质量的MgB2薄膜至关重要,应用Mg-B/Mg-B-O体系的相图指导MgB2薄膜生长意义重大。总结MgB2相体系及相关系,详细对比分析Mg-B/Mg-B-O体系的热力学相图,总结分析富氧区杂项MgO的生成机理及其对MgB2薄膜质量和性能的影响,研究分析有氧体系下Mg-B/Mg-B-O热力学相图对MgB2薄膜材料制备生长的指导意义,探讨HPCVD环境下采用原位生长技术制备MgB2超导薄膜时热力学相图的指导作用及相关制备工艺。     

新型超导体材料MgB_2的电子结构随压强的变化关系

根据密度泛函理论运用全势能线性muffin tin轨道 (FP LMTO :full potentiallinear muffin tin orbital)方法计算了不同压强下MgB2 晶格常数发生变化时的电子结构的变化情况 ,得出态密度的倒数与临界温度的自然对数成线性关系 ,符合BCS理论 ,从而进一步证实了MgB2 的超导机制为电—声子耦合BCS机制     

超导的纯电子机制

从电子晶格的相互作用，受晶格屏蔽的电子间的相互作用，以及电子自旋的磁力作用等纯电子机制阐明正常超导和高温超导共同的机理，说明MgB2的超导和陶瓷性超导的机理相同，都是由于自由电子少的原因，以此对BCS公式作以修正，并预言Li2O的临界温度高于MgB2。     

The origin of multiple superconducting gaps in MgB2

Magnesium diboride, MgB2, has the highest transition temperature (T(c) = 39 K) of the known metallic superconductors. Whether the anomalously high T(c) can be described within the conventional BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) framework has been debated. The key to understanding superconductivity lies with the 'superconducting energy gap' associated with the formation of the superconducting pairs. Recently, the existence of two kinds of superconducting gaps in MgB2 has been suggested by several experiments; this is in contrast to both conventional and high-T(c) superconductors. A clear demonstration of two gaps has not yet been made because the previous experiments lacked the ability to resolve the momentum of the superconducting electrons. Here we report direct experimental evidence for the two-band superconductivity in MgB2, by separately observing the superconducting gaps of the sigma and pi bands (as well as a surface band). The gaps have distinctly different sizes, which unambiguously establishes MgB2 as a two-gap superconductor.     

High critical currents in iron-clad superconducting MgB2 wires

Technically useful bulk superconductors must have high transport critical current densities, Jc, at operating temperatures. They also require a normal metal cladding to provide parallel electrical conduction, thermal stabilization, and mechanical protection of the generally brittle superconductor cores. The recent discovery of superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride (MgB2) presents a new possibility for significant bulk applications, but many critical issues relevant for practical wires remain unresolved. In particular, MgB2 is mechanically hard and brittle and therefore not amenable to drawing into the desired fine-wire geometry. Even the synthesis of moderately dense, bulk MgB2 attaining 39 K superconductivity is a challenge because of the volatility and reactivity of magnesium. Here we report the successful fabrication of dense, metal-clad superconducting MgB2 wires, and demonstrate a transport Jc in excess of 85,000 A cm-2 at 4.2 K. Our iron-clad fabrication technique takes place at ambient pressure, yet produces dense MgB2 with little loss of stoichiometry. While searching for a suitable cladding material, we found that other materials dramatically reduced the critical current, showing that although MgB2 itself does not show the 'weak-link' effect characteristic of the high-Tc superconductors, contamination does result in weak-link-like behaviour.     

Loss of superconductivity with the addition of Al to MgB2 and a structural transition in Mg1-x AlxB2

The basic magnetic and electronic properties of most binary compounds have been well known for decades. The recent discovery of superconductivity at 39 K in the simple binary ceramic compound magnesium diboride, MgB2, was therefore surprising. Indeed, this material has been known and structurally characterized since the mid 1950s (ref. 2), and is readily available from chemical suppliers (it is commonly used as a starting material for chemical metathesis reactions). Here we show that the addition of electrons to MgB2, through partial substitution of Al for Mg, results in the loss of superconductivity. Associated with the Al substitution is a subtle but distinct structural transition, reflected in the partial collapse of the spacing between boron layers near an Al content of 10 per cent. This indicates that superconducting MgB2 is poised very near a structural instability at slightly higher electron concentrations.     

约翰·巴丁对超导理论的贡献

文章首先简单介绍了超导微观理论——BCS理论诞生的背景和约翰.巴丁有关超导理论的前期研究工作,接着详细叙述了巴丁、库珀和施里弗三人组成的研究小组建立BCS理论的情况,最后介绍了有关理论发表的一些情况.     

金属小粒子超导电性的增强与减弱效应

用无规矩阵理论对BCS理论进行修正,得到一种处理金属小粒子超导电性的新方法,用这种方法我们发现：对于自旋s=1/2的金属小粒子,仅具有超导减弱效应;而处于s=0态的金属小粒子,同时具有超导增强和超导减弱效应,并且,金属小粒子超导电性能隙与转变的 关系与宏观金属中的非常类似。     

Superconductivity at 43 K in SmFeAsO1-xFx

Since the discovery of high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity in layered copper oxides, extensive effort has been devoted to exploring the origins of this phenomenon. A T(c) higher than 40 K (about the theoretical maximum predicted from Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory), however, has been obtained only in the copper oxide superconductors. The highest reported value for non-copper-oxide bulk superconductivity is T(c) = 39 K in MgB(2) (ref. 2). The layered rare-earth metal oxypnictides LnOFeAs (where Ln is La-Nd, Sm and Gd) are now attracting attention following the discovery of superconductivity at 26 K in the iron-based LaO(1-x)F(x)FeAs (ref. 3). Here we report the discovery of bulk superconductivity in the related compound SmFeAsO(1-x)F(x), which has a ZrCuSiAs-type structure. Resistivity and magnetization measurements reveal a transition temperature as high as 43 K. This provides a new material base for studying the origin of high-temperature superconductivity.     

掺杂二硼化镁体系超导电性与平均价电子数的关系

用平均价电子数作为掺杂二硼化镁超导电性的一个判断标准，对二硼化镁超导体及掺杂二硼化镁超导体系平均电子数进行研究．结果表明，二硼化镁体系超导材料的平均价电子数值在Tc-Zv图中集中分布在2.61附近.     

MgB2制备过程中退火效应和热稳定性的实验研究

报道了关于 MgB₂ 超导体制备过程中的退火效应和热稳定性的实验研究。把硼片在不同的温度 Mg 气氛中退火不同时间得到 MgB₂,制备样品的测量结果显示制备 MgB₂ 的合适温度范围是 700～1000℃,并且较高的制备温度下只需要相对短的退火时间内就能得到较高转变温度的样品。热稳定性实验的结果显示在没有 Mg 的气氛中 MgB₂ 在 700℃ 下是稳定的,从 800℃ 开始分解,直到完全失去超导电性。实验还观测到利用 MgB₂ 混合物薄膜前驱代替硼片制备 MgB₂ 时,在 600℃ 退火时样品就显示超导电性。