团体辅导凝聚力问卷的编制

目的:编制团体辅导凝聚力问卷,并检验其信效度。方法:通过文献检索与小组访谈形成问卷的初始题项,选择11个团体共收集203份有效数据,对问卷题项质量及结构进行初探,另外选择18个团体共收集411份有效数据,用于检验问卷的信度、结构效度及效标效度。结果:最终形成的凝聚力问卷包含十五个题项,分为团体投入、团体意识、团体疏离三个维度。内部一致性信度分别为0.904、0.854、0.824,问卷总的内部一致性信度为0.895。验证性因素分析显示问卷具有良好的结构效度(χ²/df=1.9,RMSEA=0.049,CFI=0.949,TLI=0.938),同时效度分析显示团体辅导凝聚力问卷和团体氛围问卷简版有显著的中等程度相关。结论:本研究编制的团体辅导凝聚力问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可用于团体辅导中凝聚力的测量。     

Symbolism in a Group

The theoretical background to symbolism is introduced with reference to the work of Klein and Segal. Thereafter, an analytical psychotherapy group conducted in a day hospital is described and thumbnail sketches of the individual patients are given. Several group sessions in the course of a month are reported. The use or absence of symbolism in the group is discussed with particular reference to the primitive level of functioning of the group and the use of‘bad’language by the group.     

FieldREG Anomalies in Group Situations

Portable random event generators with software to record and index continuous sequences of binary data in field situations are found to produce anomalous outputs when deployed in various group environments. These “FieldREG” systems have been operated under formal protocols in ten separate venues, all of which subdivide naturally into temporal segments, such as sessions, presentations, or days. The most extreme data segments from each of the ten applications, after appropriate correction for multiple sampling, compound to a collective probability against chance expectation of 2 × 10⁻⁴. Interpretation remains speculative at this point, but logbook notes and anecdotal reports from participants suggest that high degrees of attention, intellectual cohesiveness, shared emotion, or other coherent qualities of the groups tend to correlate with the statistically unusual deviations from theoretical expectation in the FieldREG sequences. If sustained over more extensive experiments, such effects could add credence to the concept of a consciousness “field” as an agency for creating order in random physical processes.     

Group process in liaison-staff meetings

The liaison psychiatrist can reduce the medical staff's resistance to him and enable them to care more effectively for the emotional well-being of physically ill patients by being alert for and explaining basic group dynamic interactions. By bringing to light such reactions as dependency, fight-flight, and pairing as they occur in staff meetings and relating them to responses patients may be undergoing, the psychiatrist can increase the staff's self-understanding and help them to work better together. Case histories are used to illustrate this process.     

Synthesizing Cancer Group Interventions—A Cancer Group Intervention in Need of Testing

There is considerable evidence that now suggests cancer patients, once diagnosed, experience considerable and long-term psychosocial problems. Many studies have evaluated group interventions, yet few have been with group cognitive behavioural therapy (GCBT). In those studies often the very therapeutic potential of the intervention can be enhanced by the socially supportive actions of other group members. The evidence to substantiate the value of social support interventions is increasing. The following paper synthesizes this literature, to propose a brief 12-week model for supporting newly diagnosed cancer patients. This model requires that the assumptions upon which the model is based be tested through empirical study by practitioners. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pain Management in Pediatric Age Group

The management of pain in palliative care of children is somewhat different from that in adults. The use of opioids in pediatric palliative care presents some unique challenges. Confident and rational use of opioids, illustrated by WHO Guidelines is essential for adequate management of pain in children with life limiting conditions.     

Group C rotaviruses in humans.

Atypical rotaviruses obtained from human feces from Australia, Brazil, and the United Kingdom were shown by a combination of techniques--immunoelectron microscopy, immunofluorescence, genome profile analysis, terminal fingerprint analysis of genome segments, and dot-blot hybridization--to be related to group C porcine rotaviruses. The prevalence of antibody to group C rotaviruses was found to be low in human sera and immunoglobulin pools from six countries. No signs of infection were obtained when one of the human viruses was inoculated into gnotobiotic piglets. We conclude that the atypical human viruses are the first examples of group C rotaviruses in humans.     

Group health education in general practice

Two simple experiments in group health education in a general practice are described. The first was with parents of young children in which an attempt was made to encourage self-sufficiency and a better use of the health services. The second was with a group of male bronchitics who were encouraged to alter their behaviour in an attempt to improve their health.

Both experimental and control groups showed similar consulation rates after the educational sessions and there was little evidence of changed behaviour. I have found no evidence to encourage the use of such methods in general practice.

     

The Supervisory Alliance in Group Supervision

In this paper the author explores the ways in which a supervision group can be a source of ruptures in the supervisory alliance. Furthermore, the group's involvement in repair of the supervisory alliance is examined. The author draws upon empirical material from supervision sessions with a supervision group consisting of one supervisor and four novice psychotherapists conducting psychodynamic psychotherapy at a university clinic. Based on the work of W.R. Bion, the paper argues that, in group supervision, the supervisory alliance cannot be separated from the group processes in which it is embedded. The author concludes that a supervision group can affect the supervisory alliance negatively through group dynamics, or the alliance can be ruptured by other alliance formations that constitute themselves in group supervision. However, a supervision group can contribute to the repair of the supervisory alliance by supporting the supervisee, compensating for the supervisor's imperfection and supporting the supervisor.     

The Psychotic Adolescent in the Group

ABSTRACT: The transition from troubled adolescent to working group member is rarely achieved with ease. The adolescent psychotherapy group with its tendency towards higher group anxiety levels and subsequent skilled defences, and its dependence on behavioural rather than verbal expression requires particular attention. When a psychotic psychopathology is then superimposed upon an already turbulent adolescent process the difficult task of integrating the adolescent into the therapeutic group is massively intensified.
In this paper I shall address myself both to the Psychotic Adolescent in the context of the therapeutic community and more specifically in the psychotherapy group.     

Group dynamics in community health teams

The work of community mental health centers is typically organized into heterogeneous groups of professionals and nonprofessionals. These groups suffer from numerous strains and conflicts and infrequently achieve group cohesiveness or a sense of community. This paper analyzes the source of this problem from the points of view of group dynamics and social organization. Implications for promoting group cohesiveness through group design are discussed.     

Learning in Psychotherapy Group Supervision: Transcending Complementarity and the Generative Potential of Group Conflict

At the site of interpersonal conflict resides the potential for learning. This paper presents psychodynamic theories, empirical research and a fictional case study of psychotherapy group supervision. Supervision is discussed in terms of teaching and learning, triangular relations, and group and organizational perspectives. We examine the interconnectedness of patterns of distress that emerge within dynamic relational systems at the levels of the macro‐social, organizational, group and individual. The concepts of equivalence, parallel process and reflection process provide frameworks for this discussion. We explore the constraints and dynamic influence of the organization upon the supervision relationship and the ethical tensions that construct im/possible positions for the supervisor. The case study tells a fictional story of a supervision group situated in an organizational context – a university psychotherapy education programme. A collapse of the group into complementarity, that is into polarized conflicted positions, proffers a vitalizing opportunity for learning. Through the clinical discussion, we reveal how this is contingent on the group's capacity to think together about the meaning of their struggle and to transcend a binary conflict and achieve ‘the third’.     

ReNeuron Group plc

ReNeuron is a UK-based pioneer in stem cell research and development. The Company has leading edge, proprietary somatic stem cell technologies from which it is developing groundbreaking cell therapy products. ReNeuron's focus is on cell therapy treatments designed to reverse the effects of major diseases such as stroke, diabetes and diseases of the eye.