用边缘金字塔结构实现Hausdorff距离匹配

为了快速准确地在海量图像中搜索模板的所有实例，提出运用边缘金字塔结构来实现Hausdorff距离匹配．根据模板的边缘自适应地确定边缘金字塔分解次数和抽取模式，然后通过金字塔结构的引导搜索策略实现快速匹配．对以水平和垂直边缘为主的集成电路显微图像，文中算法体现出优越的匹配性能．在集成电路显微图像和一般图像上分别测试的实验结果表明：文中算法在获得良好的匹配效果的同时，大幅减少了匹配时间．     

基于灰色关联分析和人工蜂群算法的图像匹配方法

为提高图像匹配速度和精度,利用灰色关联分析理论和人工蜂群算法,提出一种抗噪性较好的快速图像匹配方法,简称GABC法.该方法将模板图像和当前搜索位置子图的直方图信息作为参考序列和比较序列,设计基于灰色关联度的适应度函数;然后对人工蜂群算法中的初始种群个体的分布进行优化,以提高收敛速度;接着,人工蜂群通过个体分工与信息共享,实现群体智能的高效并行寻优能力,快速逼近最佳匹配位置.实验显示,该方法在保证了一定匹配精度的情况下,明显提高了匹配速度和抗噪性.     

一种改进的Hausdorff距离模板匹配算法

检测和提取图像中的目标图像是图像处理和模式识别等领域里非常活跃的问题.因为Hausdorff距离对于目标遮挡、图像噪声和图像晃动等情况具有较好的鲁棒性,因此使用Hausdorff距离进行图像匹配是较常用的方法之一.为了降低此算法的计算复杂度,提高匹配效率,提出了一种能够从待匹配图像中高效匹配出模板图像的改进算法.将文中提出的改进算法分别应用到一幅图像和视频序列图像中,实验结果证明了该算法的高效性.     

新型图像角度匹配方法及其应用研究

探讨了一种基于机器视觉的PCB自动装配线多焊盘实时定位方法。采用多分辨率图像金字塔匹配策略,利用模板图像与待搜索图像的灰度特性,使用圆投影匹配进行初始候选匹配点的选取,得到一系列的候选匹配子图;使用SIFT算法对候选匹配子图和模板图像进行特征匹配,确定对应匹配点,消除误匹配的候选子图;根据点的模式匹配,确定大致的旋转角度,使用重采样和插值的方法计算精确的旋转角度。实验表明,该方法可以准确、实时地实现目标定位。     

基于带约束人工蜂群算法和平均Hausdorff距离的重力匹配方法

重力匹配算法是实现重力辅助惯性导航系统的关键技术之一。但是,传统重力匹配方法存在复杂度高、应用范围小等缺陷,一般很难实现精确、快速匹配的效果。将人工蜂群算法用于重力匹配的搜索过程,并将多普勒测速仪提供的速度信息作为限制条件对蜂群搜索过程进行约束。在此基础上,利用平均Hausdorff距离对匹配结果进行筛选,在重力数据库中重力异常精度一定的条件下,可降低误配率。仿真结果表明,该匹配算法在重力特征显著的区域具有较高的匹配率,可以达到精确、快速的匹配定位,从而实现重力辅助导航。     

一种基于网格结构图象的目标匹配定位方法

为了在不降低图象目标配准精度的前提下，加快苑配速度，提出了一种基于网格结构图象的从粗到细的目标匹配混合算法。该算法首先基本网格结构图象来抽取图象和模板的主要结构信息，以构成图象和模板的粗尺度上的一种表示，进而在这种粗尺度表示的图象上进行相似度粗匹配；然后基于引导的搜索策略，将粗匹配的目标位置对应到原图象的一些小区域，再采用部分Hausdorff距离匹配方法在这些小区域进行二次匹配和精确定位，经上述两个步骤的混合使用，不仅极大减少了计算开销，且没有降低匹配的准确度，将该混合算法与无粗匹配的部分Hausdorff距离全图匹配算法相比较，速度提高非常显著，该算法在集成电路显微图象上进行测试，取得了很好的效果。     

Hausdorff距离和量子粒子群的二维图像匹配

提出了一种基于Hausdorff距离和量子粒子群算法的二维图像匹配算法。为了实现二维图像的搜索,首先利用Canny算子提取图像的边缘,再利用Hausdorff距离作为图像搜索的目标函数,然后引入了带量子行为的粒子群的优化算法来求解搜索所需的空间变化参数,实验结果表明,带量子行为的粒子群的优化算法（QPSO）能够迅速地在全局范围内找到最优解,因此应用于二维图像搜索是可行的。     

基于Hausdorff距离的图像配准快速算法

在图像配准过程中,传统Hausdorff距离算法的计算量较大。针对该问题,提出一种基于Hausdorff距离的图像配准快速算法。将参考图像和待配准图像进行边缘检测,在待配准图像上任意选取一个模板,通过设定一个变化的阈值对Hausdorff距离算法进行改进,以减少不必要点的计算,实现快速匹配,并根据匹配数据,对图像进行尺度变换及旋转操作,使2幅图像能在空间上配准。实验结果表明,与传统的配准算法相比,该算法的计算复杂度较低。     

基于邻域灰度信息的Hausdorff距离图像匹配方法

针对可见光与红外图像由于成像机理不同引起的图像灰度值差异大、边缘轮廓不一致、传统基于灰度和基于特征的匹配方法匹配概率不高等问题,在分析了各种Hausdorff距离算法的前提下,引入可见光与红外图像的灰度信息,提出一种基于邻域灰度信息Hausdorff距离的图像匹配方法。该方法在计算图像边缘特征点相似性的基础上,增加了邻域归一化灰度方差计算,有效解决了由于边缘差异引起的Hausdorff距离算法对可见光/红外图像匹配概率不高的问题。经可见光与红外图像匹配的仿真实验表明,在各种条件下,该算法与传统Hausdorff距离算法相比,有效提高了在不同光照下图像的匹配效率以及对噪声的抗干扰性能。     

快速的自适应景象匹配算法

在基于改进Hausdorff 距离的景象匹配辅助导航系统中,为满足系统对实时性的要求,常采用小波多尺度图像分解进行由粗到精的分层匹配,但这种方法对于图像尺寸较小的情况不太适应。基于Hausdorff距离特性,首先提出一种跳跃式的搜索策略,通过对跳跃式搜索及小波多尺度分解两种方法的分析比较,进一步提出一种自适应的快速匹配方法。仿真结果表明,在保证匹配概率的同时,提出的自适应的快速匹配方法比仅采用小波多尺度分层匹配的实时性更好,且在图像尺寸较小时仍能精确定位。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.