基于环境建模的物联网系统TAP规则生成方法

用户需求是物联网智能服务的根本驱动力，如IFTTT等很多物联网框架允许用户使用简单的触发-命令编程（TAP）规则进行编程，但它们描述的是设备调度程序，并不是用户服务需求.一些物联网系统提出采用面向目标的需求方法，支持服务目标的分解，但很难保证物联网不同服务间的一致性和服务部署的完整性.为了支持正确的“用户编程”并保证用户服务需求的一致性与完整性，本文提出了基于环境建模的TAP规则自动生成方法，在用户提供的服务需求基础上，根据环境模型自动推导出所需的系统行为，检测系统行为的一致性和完整性，并最终自动生成TAP规则，实现从用户服务需求到物联网设备调度的自动生成.本文构建了物联网应用场景的环境本体以建模环境，并定义了基于环境本体的服务需求的描述方法.另外，论文针对方法的准确性、效率、性能以及构建环境本体的时间开销在智能家居场景上进行了评估.结果表明，本文方法准确性、效率和性能超过可用阈值，且在需求达到一定数量后，构建环境本体花费的时间可忽略不计.     

智能家居中语义知识表达及推理研究

针对地源热泵智能家居“以用户为中心”的需求,文中将语义技术和X列表引入智能家居领域,并建立包括用户、环境变量、需求任务、设备资源和服务5大本体要素列表的语义智能家居模型。在语义推理方面,提出并构建了基于jena的跨列表交互规则,使智能家居各列表互相联系,智能家居本体知识库、规则库和jena推理机进行封装并按需组合推理,可为用户提供个性化服务,实现智能家居的语义人工智能化。文中最后进行了智能家居系统开发,并列举典型应用场景说明了语义智能家居系统的可行性。     

An efficient steganographic approach for protecting communication in the Internet of Things (IoT) critical infrastructures

ABSTRACT

With the manifestation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and fog computing, the quantity of edge devices is escalating exponentially all over the world, providing better services to the end user with the help of existing and upcoming communication infrastructures. All of these devices are producing and communicating a huge amount of data and control information around this open IoT environment. A large amount of this information contains personal and important information for the user as well as for the organization. The number of attack vectors for malicious users is high due to the openness, distributed nature, and lack of control over the whole IoT environment. For building the IoT as an effective service platform, end users need to trust the system. For this reason, security and privacy of information in the IoT is a great concern in critical infrastructures such as the smart home, smart city, smart healthcare, smart industry, etc. In this article, we propose three information hiding techniques for protecting communication in critical IoT infrastructure with the help of steganography, where RGB images are used as carriers for the information. We hide the information in the deeper layer of the image channels with minimum distortion in the least significant bit (lsb) to be used as indication of data. We analyze our technique both mathematically and experimentally. Mathematically, we show that the adversary cannot predict the actual information by analysis. The proposed approach achieved better imperceptibility and capacity than the various existing techniques along with better resistance to steganalysis attacks such as histogram analysis and RS analysis, as proven experimentally.     

A design and implementation of a framework for games in IoT

Interconnection of the sensing and actuating devices providing the ability to share information across platform through a unified framework for enabling innovative applications. This is achieved by seamless ubiquitous sensing, data analytics and information representation as the unifying framework. Extending the current internet with interconnected objects and devices and their virtual representation has been a growing trend in recent years. Internet of Things (IoT) services are becoming a popular services. This will be supported challenges in a large of aspects such as smart health, green energy, smart home and personalized applications. So, the IoT plays more and more important issue in lifestyle through entertainment such as Games. As of yet, there has not been much research done on IoT environment games as a service. In this paper, we propose schemes of the design and implantation of IT convergence framework for games as a service of IoT. First of all, we discussed what to consider when design and implementation of IT convergence framework for games through contents using user’s mobile devices and various sensors in IoT environment and suggest related techniques. Then, we showed the possibility of games in the IoT environment by creating games and measuring the interactions of users in the IoT environment.     

情形实例驱动的软件需求模型自动生成

通过对使用情形的分析来进行需求获取和需求分析可以使软件需求分析的工作较为系统和有序。由于每一个情形实例都只从特定的使用者的角度，根据所需达到的特定使用目的，针对特定的使用条件，来描述一个复杂系统中的一个局部，与对整个复杂系统的需求进行分析和描述相比，在特定情形实例下对软件需求进行分析与描述较简单。然而，如何保证情形实例描述之间的一致性，如何从情形实例的描述获得整个软件系统的需求定义则是以情形实例分     

Deadline-aware multi-objective IoT services placement optimization in fog environment using parallel FFD-genetic algorithm

Nowadays, Internet of things has become as an inevitable aspect of humans’ IT-based life. A huge number of geo-distributed IoT enabled devices such as smart phones, smart cameras, health care systems, vehicles, etc. are connected to the Internet and manage users’ applications. The IoT applications are generally time sensitive, so that giving them up to Cloud and receiving the response may violate their required deadline, due to distance between user device and centralized Cloud data center and consequently increasing network latency. Fog environment, as an intermediate layer between Cloud and IoT devices, brings a smaller scales of Cloud capabilities closer to user location. Processing real time applications in Fog layer helps more deadlines to be met. Although Fog computing enhances quality of service parameters, limited resources and power of Fog nodes is a challenge in processing applications. Furthermore, the network latency is still an issue for communications between applications’ services and between user device and Fog node, which seriously threatens deadline condition. Regarding to mentioned points, this paper proposes a 3-partite deadline-aware applications’ services placement optimization model in Fog environment which optimizes total power consumption, total resources wastage, and total network latency, simultaneously. The proposed model prioritizes applications in 3 levels based on their associated deadline, and then the model is solved using a parallel model of first fit decreasing and genetic algorithm combination. Simulations results indicates the superiority of proposed approach against counterpart algorithms in terms of reducing power consumption, resource wastage, network latency, and service rejection rate.     

基于区块链的物联网数据服务信誉评估模型

地质大数据共享与应用平台、专业移动大数据服务平台等现有集中式物联网数据服务平台多数存在缺乏信誉评估体系、用户隐私泄露、数据防篡改能力弱等安全性问题。为使用户能从海量物联网数据中精准快速地检索出高质量数据,设计并实现基于区块链的数据服务信誉评估模型。利用层次分析法进行信誉评估指标权重计算,采用智能合约和星际文件系统实现物联网数据的存储、验证、保护和共享,通过区块链和Redis缓存技术完成物联网数据和信誉数据的安全快速存取,同时使用环签名技术保证评价真实性并隐藏用户个人信息。测试结果表明,该模型具有去中心化、可信、安全高效和不可篡改的特性,能够满足物联网数据服务平台的信誉评估需求。     

设备端基于深度学习的智能家居服务推荐框架

随着智能家居的普及,用户期望通过自然语言指令实现智能设备的控制,并希望获得个性化的智能家居服务。然而,现有的挑战包括智能设备的互操作性和对用户环境的全面理解。针对上述问题,提出一个支持设备端用户智能家居服务推荐个性化的框架。首先,构建智能家居的运行时知识图谱,用于反映特定智能家居中的上下文信息,并生成用例场景语句;其次,利用预先收集的通用场景下,用户的自然语言指令和对应的用例场景语句训练出通用推荐模型;最后,用户在设备端以自然语言管理智能家居设备和服务,并通过反馈微调通用模型的权重得到个人模型。在基本指令集、复述集、场景指令集三个数据集上的实验表明,用户的个人模型相比于词嵌入方法的准确率提升了6.5%~30%,与Sentence-BERT模型相比准确率提升了2.4%~25%,验证了设备端基于深度学习的智能家居服务框架具有较高的服务推荐准确率,能够有效地管理智能家居设备和服务。     

Analysing sanity of requirements for avionics systems

In the last decade it became a common practice to formalise software requirements to improve the clarity of users’ expectations. In this work we build on the fact that functional requirements can be expressed in temporal logic and we propose new sanity checking techniques that automatically detect flaws and suggest improvements of given requirements. Specifically, we describe and experimentally evaluate approaches to consistency and redundancy checking that identify all inconsistencies and pinpoint their exact source (the smallest inconsistent set). We further report on the experience obtained from employing the consistency and redundancy checking in an industrial environment. To complete the sanity checking we also describe a semi-automatic completeness evaluation that can assess the coverage of user requirements and suggest missing properties the user might have wanted to formulate. The usefulness of our completeness evaluation is demonstrated in a case study of an aeroplane control system.     

Adaptive and context-aware service composition for IoT-based smart cities

Smart Cities are advancing towards an instrumented, integrated, and intelligent living space, where Internet of Things (IoT), mobile technologies and next generation networks are expected to play a key role. In smart cities, numerous IoT-based services are likely to be available and a key challenge is to allow mobile users perform their daily tasks dynamically, by integrating the services available in their vicinity. Semantic Service Oriented Architectures (SSOA) abstract the environment’s services and their functionalities as Semantic Web Services (SWS). However, existing service composition approaches based on SSOA do not support dynamic reasoning on user tasks and service behaviours to deal with the heterogeneity of IoT domains. In this paper, we present an adaptive service composition framework that supports such dynamic reasoning. The framework is based on wEASEL, an abstract service model representing services and user tasks in terms of their signature, specification (i.e., context-aware pre-conditions, post-conditions and effects) and conversation (i.e., behaviour with related data-flow and context-flow constraints). To evaluate our composition framework, we develop a novel OWLS-TC4-based testbed by combining simple and composite services. The evaluation shows that our wEASEL-based system performs more accurate composition and allows end-users to discover and investigate more composition opportunities than other approaches.     

物联网环境下基于情境的语义Web服务选择

当前Web服务海量增加，物联网应用技术快速发展、不断普及，而现有的Web服务选择算法低效、用户匹配度低。针对该问题提出一种物联网环境下基于情境的语义Web服务选择方法。该方法应用QoS参数的无量纲化与语义Web服务动态选择方式，将物联网环境下服务与语义Web服务相结合，并根据用户需求针对QoS选择最优的服务集。实验表明，该方法能有效地提高用户服务动态选择的成功率。     

虚拟计算环境中服务行为与质量的一致性

提出了一种用Petri net对服务行为和服务质量进行统一建模的框架.基于该框架所提出的统一的服务行为和服务质量的一致性规则可以在服务的查找和替换中综合判断服务行为和服务质量的一致性.自行开发的SOBECA(service-oriented, behavior and capability support architecture)中间件系统在现有的Web服务标准上增加了服务行为和服务质量的描述,可以更好地自动化支持服务行为和服务质量的一致性检查,同时也验证了上述框架的合理性.     

An agent-based hybrid service delivery for coordinating internet of things and 3rd party service providers

When smart embedded devices become widely used in business and industry, many applications and services will emerge in a new Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. This will initiate new business opportunities in providing these novel applications and services, which integrate efficiently IoT services into business applications. Because IoT takes the reference scenarios further in terms of scale and features offered, it requires the development of suitable, scalable and available service delivery platforms that permit multiple services to coexist between IoT and 3rd party service providers. However, service delivery over IoT infrastructures is a difficult challenge that requires specific new architecture and mechanisms. This paper proposes a system architecture of hybrid service delivery that enables 3rd party service providers to create, deploy, execute, orchestrate, and manage efficiently the running instances of IoT services. In particular, this work focuses on the design and implementation of: agent-based hybrid service exposure, a hybrid service ontology engine crawler, a service enablers container, service-oriented agent lifecycle management, and an agent-mediated service lifecycle coordinator for messages dispatching and transformation between hybrid service exposure and the service enablers container. More specifically, with smart home scenarios, experimental results show that agent-based service delivery approaches could successfully coordinate between IoT and 3rd party service providers.     

Intelligent healthcare service based on context inference using smart device

In the field of “U-Healthcare Service”, many studies have been actively conducted to develop “smart device”-based healthcare applications that enable healthcare providers and patients to be better served through interoperations among various kinds of sensors and wireless network interfaces. In particular, contemporary intelligent healthcare services not only recognize users’ context information through smart devices, computers, and so forth, but also acquire information from heterogeneous sensors to achieve context-aware inference services. Among such information, the weather information is tightly related to diseases such as asthma and allergies. Therefore, there is a high demand for research to utilize the weather information for healthcare services. In this paper, we propose a context inference-based intelligent healthcare service that exploits both the weather conditions information and the diverse healthcare ontologies available on the Internet. The proposed service aims at modeling a context ontology in users’ healthcare service environment and defining the inference rules, thereby accomplishing a satisfactory real-time healthcare service.     

Tool-Supported Verification of Product Line Requirements

A recurring difficulty for organizations that employ a product-line approach to development is that when a new product is added to an existing product line, there is currently no automated way to verify the completeness and consistency of the new product’s requirements in terms of the product line. In this paper we address the issue of requirements verification for product lines. We have implemented our approach in a requirements engineering tool called DECIMAL (DECIsion Modeling AppLication). DECIMAL is a requirements verification tool with a rich graphical user interface that automatically checks for completeness and consistency between a new product and the product line to which it belongs. The verification uses an SQL database server as the underlying analysis engine. The paper describes the tool and evaluates it in two applications: a virtual-reality, positional device-driver product line and the feature-interaction resolution problem.Research is supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants 0204139 and 0205588. An early version of this paper was presented at REPL’02 (Padmanabhan and Lutz, 2002).     

基于实体-数据的物联网服务建模

物联网服务作为信息世界软件服务通过物联网向现实世界的延伸,其在物联网系统具有重要的作用.然而,不同于传统Web服务,物联网服务具有现实感知、数据驱动、异构分布、时空相关等新特点,使得现有的服务模型不足以对物联网服务有效刻画,进而也不能满足物联网应用中的后续服务发现、服务卸载、服务组合等需求.在凝练分析物联网服务建模需求和已有物联网服务模型的基础上,提出了一种基于实体-数据的物联网服务建模框架,该框架提出了服务、实体、数据三元信息融合的物联网服务模型概念及概念关系,重点定义了服务、实体、数据的时空属性及时空依赖关系,以支持基于时空相关性的物联网服务关联表示与分析,并通过扩展OWL-S(ontology Web language for services)给出了基于实体-数据的物联网服务描述方式.最后,结合一个高速公路物联网应用案例对模型的使用方式和效果进行了讨论.     

A TRIZ-inspired knowledge-driven approach for user-centric smart product-service system: A case study on intelligent test tube rack design

With the advancement of information and communication technologies, smart product-service system (PSS) has attracted increasing research attention to integrate diverse providers/stakeholders and deliver value-added services. Many studies have thusly been conducted to design and develop the smart PSS, while i) how to identify multi-source requirements through reviewing the entire service interaction cycle, ii) how to define and deduce the innovative smart connected products (SCPs) features under contradictory interests, and iii) how to specify the functional and data service configuration solutions are still unclear. To tackle these problems, a knowledge-driven approach was introduced to better organize the multi-source design knowledge and deduce service recommendations for personalized user demands. Specifically, a user journey map-based method was proposed for knowledge elicitation of the specific user demands. To organize the user knowledge for better understanding, hierarchical personalized user requirements (PURs) analytics were proposed to quantitively transfer PURs into proper design engineering parameters. To inspire the problem-solving logic for design solution generation, TRIZ inventive principles were retrieved and referred to. With the generated design concept, the service logic diagrams were structured to define the personalized service content of SCPs. Having the service logic and SCPs, the overall service network of the user-centric smart PSS can be outlined. The proposed approach was demonstrated and validated in the digital health area via a case study on smart test tube rack (STTR) design, and it was validated from an economic feasibility perspective. It showed that the STTR was promising to reduce manual work, improve the nurses' performance, and enhance patients’ medical experience. Furthermore, it was suggested that the proposed approach can effectively guide the innovative SCPs creation in a straightforward and instructive manner, and is promising to process the service solution deduction and improve the efficiency of service creation in real practice.     

情景感知的物联网服务推荐方法研究

如何根据用户实时的情景高效地为其推荐最为合适的物联网服务,已经成为当前服务计算与物联网领域亟需解决的关键问题之一。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于情景感知的物联网服务推荐方法。首先基于改进的FolkRank算法生成当前用户可用的物联网服务列表;之后,依据用户当前关键的情景构建用户情景信息模型,根据用户的情景模型从服务列表中筛选出最能满足用户当前情景的物联网服务。实验结果表明,所提出的情景感知的物联网服务推荐方法是可行的与有效的。     

移动边缘计算中基于改进拍卖模型的计算卸载策略

随着移动互联网业务的快速发展,增强现实、虚拟现实、超清视频等手机应用逐渐普及、IoT应用不断涌现,计算能力和续航能力的不足成为限制智能终端设备成功支撑这些应用的主要瓶颈。针对这一现状,采用计算卸载的方式解决该问题,在多用户多移动边缘服务器的场景下,综合考虑智能设备性能和服务器资源提出了一种基于改进拍卖算法的计算卸载策略。该策略主要包括两个阶段,在卸载决策阶段,通过综合考虑计算任务自身大小、计算需求和服务器计算能力、网络带宽等因素提出了卸载决策的依据;在任务调度阶段,通过综合考虑计算任务的时间需求和MEC服务器计算性能提出了基于改进拍卖算法的任务调度模型。实验证明,提出的计算卸载策略能够有效地降低服务时延,减少智能设备能耗,改善用户体验。