一种基于卷积运算与全变分模型的图像去噪方法

梯度模值较易受到外界影响,导致全变分模型在大噪声点处往往不能很好地消除噪声,从而产生阶梯效应。针对该问题,提出了一种基于卷积运算与全变分模型的图像去噪方法。首先,针对以扩散形式获得的图像像素点进行卷积运算,利用滤波去噪降低大噪声点的灰度值;其次,以能量泛函形式构建图像全变分模型,并求解泛函对应的拉格朗日方程极小值来实现图像去噪;最后,将去噪后图像作为双边滤波算法的引导图像进行二次去噪,从而进一步提升图像去噪质量。仿真实验结果表明,与经典方法相比,该模型对去噪过程中的阶梯效应问题具有较好的处理效果。     

基于卷积神经网络的SAR图像去噪新方法

本文针对SAR图像相干斑噪声提出一种基于卷积神经网络的SAR图像去噪新方法。把带噪SAR图像输入到本文设计的网络中，利用网络的卷积层提取SAR图像的深层特征，池化层进一步处理以使深层特征降维，再通过反卷积层得到与输入图像尺寸大小一样的结果，并将其与原无噪图像对比，以两者的误差作为神经网络优化器的输入，驱动网络更新各层参数使误差函数最小。为了缩短网络训练收敛的时间，引入ReLU激活函数和批归一化处理，经过少次训练后，网络输出的结果就能接近原始SAR图像。实测数据试验结果表明，与传统SAR-BM3D和SAR-NL去噪方法相比，新方法去噪能力更强，图像视觉效果更好。     

基于深度卷积神经网络的低剂量CT肺部去噪

为了降低低剂量CT肺部噪声对肺癌筛查后期诊断的影响,该文提出一种基于深度卷积神经网络的低剂量CT肺部去噪算法。以完整的CT肺部图像作为输入,池化层对输入图像进行降维处理;批规范化解决随着网络深度的增加性能降低的问题;引入残差学习,学习模型中每一层的残差,最后输出去噪图像。与经典去噪算法实验结果对比,所提方法在解决去噪方面达到了很好的滤波效果,同时也较好地保留了肺部图像的细节信息,大大优于传统的去噪算法。     

基于混合滤波算法的数字图像去噪方法研究

双边滤波已广泛应用于数字图像处理领域,但在图像的高梯度区域,双边滤波会产生阶梯效应。双边滤波是局部模式滤波的一种特殊形式,提出了基于高斯滤波和双边滤波的混合图像去噪方法。利用高斯滤波器对噪声图像进行滤波,得到参考图像,将参考图像和噪声图像作为范围核函数的输入双边滤波器。参考图像提供图像的低频信息,噪声图像提供图像的高频信息。与传统双边滤波法比较,混合去噪方法能够有效地克服阶梯效应,滤波后的图像更平滑,纹理特征更接近原始图像,可获得更高的峰值信噪比。     

基于去噪卷积神经网络的雷达信号调制类型识别

针对低截获概率雷达(LPI)信号处理复杂,低信噪比条件下识别率低的问题,该文提出一种基于去噪卷积神经网络和Inception网络的信号分类识别系统。首先对8种LPI雷达信号进行Choi-Williams分布(CWD)时频变换,得到2维时频图像,然后使用去噪卷积神经网络进行时频图像去噪处理,最后将图像发送到Inception-V4网络进行特征提取,并使用softmax分类器进行分类,实现LPI雷达信号的有效分类识别。仿真结果表明,该方法在–10 dB信噪比(SNR)下,识别率仍然可以达到90%以上。     

基于边缘检测与双边滤波的彩色图像去噪

 针对彩色图像双边滤波去噪方法存在的不足,本文提出一种边缘检测与双边滤波相结合的彩色图像去噪方法.首先利用细胞神经网络(CNN)模型导出一种新的彩色图像分块自适应边缘检测算法,继承了CNN灰度边缘检测算法定位准确的优点,又弥补了CNN现有算法不能直接处理彩色图像的空白.接下来提出一种针对图像增强的边缘滤波算法,通过两级边缘检测满足去噪不同阶段对边缘检测的不同要求.在此基础上,用改进的双边滤波器对彩色图像进行去噪,通过非抗噪边缘图对噪声范围进行定位,以缩小双边滤波的范围,减少去噪过程带来的图像模糊,并且对双边滤波加权平均方式进行改进,减小噪声点本身的权重,降低高频噪声的影响.最后根据滤波后的去噪边缘图对彩色图像进行增强.实验结果表明,文中方法在有效去除噪声的同时保护和增强了图像中的边缘.     

基于去噪卷积神经网络的雷达信号调制类型识别

针对低截获概率雷达(LPI)信号处理复杂,低信噪比条件下识别率低的问题,该文提出一种基于去噪卷积神经网络和Inception网络的信号分类识别系统.首先对8种LPI雷达信号进行Choi-Williams分布(CWD)时频变换,得到2维时频图像,然后使用去噪卷积神经网络进行时频图像去噪处理,最后将图像发送到Inception-V4网络进行特征提取,并使用softmax分类器进行分类,实现LPI雷达信号的有效分类识别.仿真结果表明,该方法在–10?dB信噪比(SNR)下,识别率仍然可以达到90％以上.     

一种改进的增维型双边滤波的快速算法

双边滤波算法是一种在去噪的同时能很好地保留图像边缘等细节信息的非线性滤波技术。针对双边滤波器计算耗时、难于用于实时系统,本文提出一种改进的增维双边滤波的快速算法。该算法通过对双边滤波器的线性化和图像矩阵的映射,由FFT完成线性卷积;然后将计算结果逆映射还原为图像矩阵;最后依据图像的原始坐标和灰度值的差异进行像素补值,达到双边滤波快速实现的目的。五幅测试图像在不同噪声水平下的实验表明:本方法避免了插值过程,提高了计算效率,改进的双边滤波器在滤波精度与传统双边滤波器相仿的同时,运算时间仅为传统双边滤波器的3.6%左右。     

基于结构图像先验与ASM能量的服装图像去噪

服装图像在采集和传输过程中会受到噪声不同程度的影响,为更有效地去除服装图像中的噪声,本文提出了一种基于ASM图像能量的深度学习图像去噪方法.该方法基于结构图像先验理论,以随机向量作为卷积神经网络的输入,含噪声的服装图像作为目标输出.网络通过反向传播进行迭代,根据噪声与自然图像对于网络的阻抗不同,迭代至输出图像的ASM能量极大值处进行截断,截断处的输出图像即为去噪后的服装图像.实验结果表明,该方法对服装图像去噪后的PSNR达到29.91,比NLM去噪提高了 0.74,比guided去噪提高了 1.97.与传统的图像滤波去噪算法相比,该方法能更有效地去除图像中的噪声,保留服装图像的纹理细节.     

抖动状态下运动模糊图像去噪滤波方法

针对抖动状态下的运动模糊图像去噪滤波一直存在效果不佳、误差大的问题,提出并设计了基于最小化全变差与稀疏表示结合的抖动状态下运动模糊图像去噪滤波器。通过成像噪声干扰及传输信道干扰两方面对运动模糊图像产生噪声的原因进行分析,确定抖动点,采用最小化全变差法构建全变差去噪模型,并进行加权平均,引入稀疏表示法构建运动模糊图像去噪滤波器模型,达到抖动状态下运动模糊图像去噪滤波器设计的目的。实验结果表明,采用改进去噪滤波器,相比传统的去噪滤波器其去噪滤波误差、效率等均有一定的优势。     

基于卷积神经网络的图像分类算法综述

随着大数据的到来以及计算能力的提高,深度学习(Deep Learning, DL)席卷全球。传统的图像分类方法难以处理庞大的图像数据以及无法满足人们对图像分类精度和速度上的要求,基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)的图像分类方法冲破了传统图像分类方法的瓶颈,成为目前图像分类的主流算法,如何有效利用卷积神经网络来进行图像分类成为国内外计算机视觉领域研究的热点。本文在对卷积神经网络进行系统的研究并且深入研究卷积神经网络在图像处理中的应用后,给出了基于卷积神经网络的图像分类所采用的主流结构模型、优缺点、时间/空间复杂度、模型训练过程中可能遇到的问题和相应的解决方案,与此同时也对基于深度学习的图像分类拓展模型的生成式对抗网络和胶囊网络进行介绍;然后通过仿真实验验证了在图像分类精度上,基于卷积神经网络的图像分类方法优于传统图像分类方法,同时综合比较了目前较为流行的卷积神经网络模型之间的性能差异并进一步验证了各种模型的优缺点;最后对于过拟合问题、数据集构建方法、生成式对抗网络及胶囊网络性能进行相关实验及分析。      

Detail retaining convolutional neural network for image denoising

Compared with the traditional image denoising method, although the convolutional neural network (CNN) has better denoising performance, there is an important issue that has not been well resolved: the residual image obtained by learning the difference between noisy image and clean image pairs contains abundant image detail information, resulting in the serious loss of detail in the denoised image. In this paper, in order to relearn the lost image detail information, a mathematical model is deducted from a minimization problem and an end-to-end detail retaining CNN (DRCNN) is proposed. Unlike most denoising methods based on CNN, DRCNN is not only focus to image denoising, but also the integrity of high frequency image content. DRCNN needs less parameters and storage space, therefore it has better generalization ability. Moreover, DRCNN can also adapt to different image restoration tasks such as blind image denoising, single image superresolution (SISR), blind deburring and image inpainting. Extensive experiments show that DRCNN has a better effect than some classic and novel methods.     

Robust image retrieval by cascading a deep quality assessment network

The performance of computer vision algorithms can severely degrade in the presence of a variety of distortions. While image enhancement algorithms have evolved to optimize image quality as measured according to human visual perception, their relevance in maximizing the success of computer vision algorithms operating on the enhanced image has been much less investigated. We consider the problem of image enhancement to combat Gaussian noise and low resolution with respect to the specific application of image retrieval from a dataset. We define the notion of image quality as determined by the success of image retrieval and design a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict this quality. This network is then cascaded with a deep CNN designed for image denoising or super resolution, allowing for optimization of the enhancement CNN to maximize retrieval performance. This framework allows us to couple enhancement to the retrieval problem. We also consider the problem of adapting image features for robust retrieval performance in the presence of distortions. We show through experiments on distorted images of the Oxford and Paris buildings datasets that our algorithms yield improved mean average precision when compared to using enhancement methods that are oblivious to the task of image retrieval. ¹     

Image denoising based on non-local means filter and its method noise thresholding

Non-local means filter uses all the possible self-predictions and self-similarities the image can provide to determine the pixel weights for filtering the noisy image, with the assumption that the image contains an extensive amount of self-similarity. As the pixels are highly correlated and the noise is typically independently and identically distributed, averaging of these pixels results in noise suppression thereby yielding a pixel that is similar to its original value. The non-local means filter removes the noise and cleans the edges without losing too many fine structure and details. But as the noise increases, the performance of non-local means filter deteriorates and the denoised image suffers from blurring and loss of image details. This is because the similar local patches used to find the pixel weights contains noisy pixels. In this paper, the blend of non-local means filter and its method noise thresholding using wavelets is proposed for better image denoising. The performance of the proposed method is compared with wavelet thresholding, bilateral filter, non-local means filter and multi-resolution bilateral filter. It is found that performance of proposed method is superior to wavelet thresholding, bilateral filter and non-local means filter and superior/akin to multi-resolution bilateral filter in terms of method noise, visual quality, PSNR and Image Quality Index.     

基于CNN的SAR图像目标分类优化算法

随着合成孔径雷达技术的成熟,传统方法已经难以满足海量SAR数据的分类精度和速度需求。为解决上述问题,采用卷积神经网络对海量SAR数据进行分类。针对SAR图像数据的特点,对卷积神经网络结构参数进行调整,提高网络训练速度,克服权重更新中的梯度消失,改善网络训练过程中收敛慢的问题,提升目标分类准确率。同时提出了一种ZCA白化与主成分分析相结合的方法对SAR图像进行预处理,进一步提升了网络的训练速度以及目标分类的准确率。实验采用的是美国MSTAR数据库,通过上述优化方法得到了较好的分类效果。     

Speckle noise removal based on structural convolutional neural networks with feature fusion for medical image

Application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) removal has attracted considerable attentions with the rapid development of deep learning in recent years. However, the work of image multiplicative speckle noise removal is rarely done. Moreover, most of the existing speckle noise removal algorithms are based on traditional methods with human priori knowledge, which means that the parameters of the algorithms need to be set manually. Nowadays, deep learning methods show clear advantages on image feature extraction. Multiplicative speckle noise is very common in real life images, especially in medical images. In this paper, a novel neural network structure is proposed to recover noisy images with speckle noise. Our proposed method mainly consists of three subnetworks. One network is rough clean image estimate subnetwork. Another is subnetwork of noise estimation. The last one is an information fusion network based on U-Net and several convolutional layers. Different from the existing speckle denoising model based on the statistics of images, the proposed network model can handle speckle denoising of different noise levels with an end-to-end trainable model. Extensive experimental results on several test datasets clearly demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed network over state-of-the-arts in terms of quantitative metrics and visual quality.     

激光超声结合CNN的铸件缺陷检测方法

检测金属铸件在工程和使用过程中可能存在的缺陷,应用基于热弹机制的激光超声可视化检测仪对铸件进行扫描并将信号制成最大振幅图像,实现对铸件的可视化检测。为了高效、快速地对最大振幅图进行批量处理,结合卷积神经网络图像处理技术对最大振幅图进行识别。针对任务需要设计了一个卷积神经网络架构对最大振幅图进行识别,识别过程中通过改变卷积层和卷积核大小设置了不同的卷积神经网络架构,将预先设计的架构与其他的架构进行横向对比,实验结果表明预设架构综合性能最好。相同实验条件下,该卷积神经网络架构为使用最大振幅图检测铸件缺陷提供了一个有效可行的方案。     

改进的全卷积神经网络的脑肿瘤图像分割

针对现有机器学习算法分割脑肿瘤图像精度不高的问题,提出一种基于改进的全卷积神经网络的脑肿瘤图像分割算法。算法首先将FLAIR、T2和T1C三种模态的MR脑肿瘤图像进行灰度归一化,随后利用灰度图像融合技术得到肿瘤信息更加全面的预处理图像;然后采用融合三次脑肿瘤特征信息的改进全卷积神经网络对预处理图像进行粗分割,并且在每个卷积层后加入批量正则化层以加快网络训练的收敛速度,提高训练模型精度;最后融合全连接条件随机场细化粗分割结果中的脑肿瘤边界。实验结果表明,相较于传统的卷积神经网络脑肿瘤图像分割算法,本算法在分割精度和稳定性上有了较大提升,平均Dice可达91.29%,实时性较好,利用训练模型平均1s内可完成单张脑肿瘤图像的分割。      

采用深度卷积神经网络方法的毫米波图像目标检测

通过收集大量的毫米波图像并建立相应的人体数据集进行检测,提出基于Faster R-CNN深度学习的方法检测隐藏于人体上的危险物品。该方法将区域建议网络和VGG19训练卷积神经网络模型相结合,构建了面向毫米波图像目标检测的深度卷积神经网络。为了提高毫米波图像的处理能力,采用Caffe深度学习框架在图形处理单元上进行训练和测试。实验结果证明了基于Faster R-CNN深度卷积神经网络的目标检测方法能有效检测毫米波图像中的危险物品,并且目标检测的平均准确率约94%,检测速度约为6 frame/s,对毫米波安检系统的智能化发展有着极其重要的参考价值。     

PSO-based learning of sub-band adaptive thresholding function for image denoising

In this paper, a new computationally efficient approach has been proposed for denoising the images which are corrupted by Gaussian noise. In this approach, relatively recent category of stochastic global optimization technique i.e., particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique have been proposed for learning the parameters of adaptive thresholding function required for optimum performance. The proposed PSO-based denoising approach not only speeds up the optimization but also improves the performance in comparison with wavelet transform-based thresholding neural network (WT-TNN) approach. The results obtained shows better edge preservation performance with bior6.8 wavelet filter when compared to db8 wavelet filter. Further, problem of dependency of learning time on initial value of thresholding parameters and noise level in the image have been sorted out in the proposed approach.