T2*-PWI联合DCE-MRI及DWI对乳腺病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨T2*加权灌注成像联合动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)、磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)对乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断的价值.方法:3.0T MRI系统对64例乳腺病变患者依次行常规的MRI平扫、T2*-PWI、DCE-MRI和DWI检查.通过统计学分别评价DCE-MRI,DCE-MRI及DWI,T2*-PWI及DCE-MRI,T2*-PWI、DCE-MRI及DWI 4种方法对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值.结果:DWI、T2*PWI及DCE-MRI组合模式具有较高的诊断价值,其敏感度、特异度、准确度、ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为97.8％、88％、94.2％、0.929.结论:T2*-PWI有助于乳腺良恶性病的鉴别诊断,具有较高的特异性.T2*-PWI联合DCE-MRI、DWI该种组合模式可明显提高MRI对乳腺良恶性病变诊断的价值,具有较高的准确性、特异性.     

MRI技术在鉴别乳腺良恶性病变方面的价值

继常规乳腺铂靶、B超检查之后,MRI为乳腺疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断提供了又一种有效的影像学手段.通过复习近年来有关乳腺磁共振成像的文献,就其成像技术、对良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值及其优越性、局限性和临床应用前景进行了探讨.     

乳腺肿瘤MR灌注加权成像的研究进展

MR在乳腺肿瘤诊断方面的应用价值逐渐提高,磁共振灌注加权成像是反映组织或病灶的微血管分布和血流灌注情况的成像技术,可以无创的评价肿瘤组织的血管生成情况,对肿瘤血供分析,进而评估肿瘤的良恶性.随着影像技术的发展,形成了多种乳腺MRI灌注成像技术.目前主要有两方面的内容:一是通过注射对比剂来研究器官、组织或病灶的微血管循环情况;二是使用对水分子微量运动特别敏感的成像序列来观察微循环灌注的情况.本文就乳腺MR灌注成像的常用方法予以综述.     

MRI技术在鉴别乳腺良恶性病变方面的价值

继常规乳腺钼靶、B超检查之后,MRI为乳腺疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断提供了又一种有效的影像学手段。通过复习近年来有关乳腺磁共振成像的文献,就其成像技术、对良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值及其优越性、局限性和临床应用前景进行了探讨。     

磁共振功能成像在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用

扩散加权成像（diffusion weighted imaging,DWI）和灌注加权成像（perfusion-weighted imaging,PWI）作为磁共振领域两大新技术,早期主要应用于中枢神经系统及心肌缺血性疾病的诊断和随访,近年来随着磁共振超快速成像序列的开发,这两项技术开始应用于体部.笔者就DWI和PWI在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用作一综述.     

乳腺纤维囊性增生病的MRI特征表现

目的 探讨乳腺纤维囊性增生病(FBD)的磁共振成像(MRI)特征性表现.方法 对39例经术后病理证实为FBD的病例进行回顾性分析.成像序列包括增强前和动态增强扫描双侧乳房乳腺评估容积成像(VIBRANT)技术.病变根据乳腺影像报告和数据系统(ACR BI-RADS-MRI Lexicon)中形态学和增强动力学描述语来描述其MRI特征表现.结果 本组FBD MR动态增强表现为3种类型,13例实性结节,多数呈恶性病变动力学表现;15例囊肿型无强化或环形轻度强化,其中1例合并左乳导管周围炎病变明显强化并呈速升速降型;6例无肿块型通常呈良性增强动力学表现.5例MR平扫和增强扫描均未见明确异常表现.结论 MRI动态增强扫描对FBD的诊断具有重要价值.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌MRI特征及与预后因子相关性研究

【摘要】乳腺浸润性导管癌是乳腺癌中最常见的病理类型，约占发病总人数的80%。目前，对于肿瘤的发生、发展机制的探索已经深入到基因和分子水平。随着磁共振成像技术的发展，MRI已开始由单纯的形态学诊断转向形态与功能并重的发展方向。本文就磁共振成像技术对乳腺浸润性导管癌的诊断效能及其与预后因子表达关系进行综述。     

动态增强磁共振联合扩散加权成像技术对乳腺环形强化病变的诊断应用价值研究

目的 探讨动态增强MRI(DCE-MRI)联合扩散加权成像(DWI)技术对乳腺环形强化病变的诊断应用价值.方法 搜集经病理证实的乳腺环形强化病变28例,共30个病灶(良性17个,恶性13个),术前行磁共振扫描.统计病变的动态增强MRI征象(形态学特点、时间-信号曲线)及扩散加权成像参数(表观扩散系数值),并运用x2检验及t检验分析良恶性组差异;采用二分类Logistic回归分析获得与乳腺环形强化病变良恶性相关的危险因素.将DCE-MRI及DWI纳入不同的诊断模型,并评价其诊断准确性.结果 动态增强MRI征象(包括形态、边缘、周围供血血管及时间-信号曲线)及扩散加权成像参数在乳腺良、恶性环形强化病变中有显著性差异(P＜0.05);且经二分类Logistic回归分析提示这些征象及参数均为鉴别良恶性乳腺环形强化病变有意义的参数.当表观扩散系数(ADC)值取1.05×10-3mm2/s作为乳腺恶性环形强化病变的诊断阈值时,敏感性及特异性分别为92.3％、70.6％(P=0.001).DCE-MRI联合DWI可进一步提高乳腺环形强化病变的诊断准确性,其敏感性、特异性及符合率分别为94.1％、76.9％及86.7％.结论 动态增强MRI联合DWI技术,可明显提高乳腺环形强化病变的定性诊断价值.     

MRI三维动态增强减影技术鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的研究

目的探讨磁共振三维动态增强减影技术在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法52例乳腺病变磁共振检查分别进行反转恢复法加权成像、动态增强扫描、减影成像。评价乳腺良恶性病变的MRI征象(包括形态学、内部信号及其动态增强特征等)、早期增强率、峰值增强率、峰值时间、时间-信号强度(T-SI)曲线等指标的诊断价值。结果乳腺癌的形态学特征性表现有形态不规则、环形强化和毛刺征。乳腺良性病变特征性表现有类圆形或分叶状,边缘光整,强化均匀及强化后可见低信号间隔。良恶性病变的早期增强率、达到峰值强化的时间以及曲线类型分布之间的差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),峰值增强率无显著性意义。结论MRI三维动态增强减影技术能满意显示乳腺良恶性病变的形态学特征和增强的血液动力学特点,是诊断乳腺癌十分有用的检查方法。     

动态增强磁共振成像联合扩散加权成像对乳腺X线摄影表现为单纯微小钙化病变的临床诊断价值

目的 分析动态增强磁共振成像（MRI）联合扩散加权成像对乳腺X线摄影表现为单纯微小钙化病变的临床诊断价值。方法 选取2020年2月至2021年9月我院收治的80例乳腺X线摄影表现为单纯微小钙化病变患者作为研究对象，对患者实施动态增强MRI联合扩散加权成像检查，以病理检查结果为标准，分析MRI联合扩散加权成像的诊断结果。结果 本次研究结果显示，MRI联合扩散加权成像诊断的特异度、阳性预测值明显高于乳腺X线摄影检查，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），而乳腺X线摄影检查联合MRI与扩散加权成像诊断的阳性预测值、灵敏度、准确度和特异度均高于单独乳腺X线摄影检查，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；同时，MRI联合扩散加权成像诊断在乳腺良性病变与乳腺恶性病变的图像特点具有明显差异（P<0.05）。结论微小钙化病变诊断中采用动态增强MRI联合扩散加权成像比乳腺X线摄影更能提高诊断效能。     

Management of breast magnetic resonance imaging-detected lesions

Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an essential component of breast imaging. Whether it is used as a problem-solving tool or a screening test or for staging patients with breast cancer, it detects many lesions in the breast. The challenge for the radiologist is to distinguish significant from insignificant lesions and to direct their management. A brief summary of the terminology according to the American College of Radiologists lexicon will be provided. This review article will cover the differential diagnosis of enhancing lesions, including masses and nonmass enhancement, from benign and malignant causes. Some of the specific morphologic and kinetic features that help to differentiate benign from malignant lesions will be illustrated, and positive predictive values of these features will be reviewed. The various methods of investigating enhancing lesions of the breast will be discussed, including second-look ultrasound, ultrasound-guided biopsy, stereotactic biopsy, and MRI-guided biopsy. A practical approach to the management of MRI-detected lesions will include timing of follow-up, when to biopsy and when to ignore enhancing lesions in the breast.     

3T磁共振高分辨动态增强诊断小乳癌的应用研究

目的:探讨磁共振高分辨动态增强检查对小乳腺癌诊断的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析病理证实的20例(21个病灶)小乳腺癌(最大径≤2cm)的MRI高分辨动态增强检查的形态学及血流动力学特征。结果:小乳腺癌的特征性表现为形态不规则或分叶、边缘不规则或者毛刺、不均匀环形强化的肿块样病变以及局灶、不均匀或簇集样强化的非肿块病变,时间-信号强度曲线:平台型7例(33.3%),流出型14例(66.7%)。对侧对称部位正常乳腺为逐渐轻度强化,时间-信号强度曲线均为持续型。结果显示小乳腺癌灶与正常乳腺组织之间的血流动力学变化有显著差异。结论:3T磁共振高分辨动态增强检查能够提供清晰、丰富的形态学及血流动力学信息,对小乳腺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

乳腺疾病的全数字化乳腺摄影与磁共振检查对比研究

目的:全数字化乳腺摄影与磁共振检查对乳腺疾病的诊断价值。材料和方法:本研究收集了自2003年12月至2006年1月期间行全数字化乳腺摄影并同时行磁共振检查患者共67例,全部经病理证实,其中良性病变38例,恶性病变29例。采用美国GE Senographe2000D全数字化乳腺摄影机及美国GE1.5Tesla MRI扫描仪;采用专门乳腺线圈。全部病例行动态增强扫描和图像后处理。结果:本组显示FFDM对乳腺疾病诊断的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为74.29%,92.1%,83.36%;MRI对乳腺疾病诊断的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为94.29%,89.47%,91.78%。结论:对于乳腺癌诊断FFDM的特异性高于MRI,而敏感性较低。     

乳腺癌MR弥散加权成像研究进展

MR在乳腺癌诊断方面的应用价值已经得到广泛认同,为增加检出乳腺癌的敏感性,需应用多种MR扫描技术。然而,常规MR在检测及描述乳腺病变特征时具有一定的局限性,弥散加权成像作为一种重要的功能成像技术,能够反映组织的生物物理学特征,有较大的发展前景。弥散加权成像是唯一能够检测活体组织内水分子弥散运动的非侵入性方法,可以检测出组织结构在分子水平上的改变。其成像时间短,敏感性高,无需使用对比剂,并且能比常规MR检查更早的发现病变,因此,它已经广泛应用于脑部疾病中,也越来越多地应用于乳腺疾病方面。本文就弥散加权成像在乳腺癌的应用方面予以综述。     

Identification of occult breast lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging with targeted ultrasound: A prospective study

Objective

To verify the capacity of targeted ultrasound (US) to identify additional lesions detected on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but occult to initial mammography, US and clinical examinations.

Methods

This prospective study included 68 additional relevant breast lesions identified on MRI of 49 patients. As an inclusion criterion, breast US and mammography were required and performed up to six months before MRI. These lesions were then subjected to targeted “second-look” US up to 2 weeks after MRI, performed by one or two radiologists with expertise on breast imaging. Lesions were evaluated according to the established Breast Imaging Report and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon.

Results

Targeted US identified 46/68 (67.6%) lesions revealed by MRI. No significant associations were observed between US identification and the type of lesion, dimensions, morphological characteristics and enhancement pattern according to MRI findings. Targeted US identified 100% of BI-RADS category 5 lesions, 90% of category 4 lesions, and just over 50% of category 3 lesions (p < 0.05). There was significant agreement (p < 0.001) between MRI and US BI-RADS classification for all three categories.

Conclusion

Targeted US can identify a large proportion of the lesions detected by breast MRI, especially those at high risk of malignancy, when performed by a professional with experience in both breast US and MRI.     

MRI多参数成像在乳腺癌分子分型中的临床应用价值

目的探讨基于MR多参数成像在乳腺癌分子分型中的临床应用价值。方法选取经手术病理证实的112例乳腺癌患者的临床、MR多参数成像、以及免疫组织化学检查资料,提取病灶的MRI多参数成像特征,进一步对这些MRI特征进行分类分析,MR特征包括:病灶直径、形态、边缘、T₂WI信号强度、强化方式、TIC曲线。不同乳腺癌分子分型的磁共振多参数成像特征之间的差异采用卡方检验。结果Luminal A及B型乳腺癌形态多为分叶状、T₂WI信号以高及明显高信号为主、强化多均匀;HER-2过表达型乳腺癌多呈类圆形、T₂WI等低信号、增强扫描均匀或不均匀强化;三阴性乳腺癌以类圆形、T₂WI明显高信号、环形强化为主,而在病灶直径、病灶边缘、曲线类型差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论不同乳腺癌分子分型的MR多参数成像特征之间有差异,可以用于术前无创预测乳腺癌的分子分型。     

乳腺疾病的动态增强MRI研究

目的　评价动态增强MRI对乳腺良、恶性病变的诊断价值。方法　对 63例临床疑为乳腺疾病的患者进行前瞻性常规MRI平扫和动态增强MRI扫描。分析比较良、恶性病变的形态学及强化特征 ,根据MRI表现鉴别良、恶性疾病 ,并与X线及病理结果比较。结果　 63例患者共计 78个病灶 ,恶性 33个 ,良性 45个。动态增强MRI根据病变的形态学和强化特征诊断乳腺良、恶性病变的准确率为 92 %。结论　动态增强MRI能清晰显示乳腺病变并作出定性诊断 ,因而是评价乳腺疾病的一种有效的影像学方法。     

Feasibility of MRI-guided large-core-needle biopsy of suspiscious breast lesions at 3 T

The feasibility of large-core-needle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided breast biopsy at 3 T was assessed. Thirty-one suspicious breast lesions shown only by MRI were detected in 30 patients. Biopsy procedures were performed in a closed-bore 3-T clinical MR system on a dedicated phased-array breast coil with a commercially available add-on stereotactic biopsy device. Tissue sampling was technically successful in 29/31 (94%) lesions. Median lesion size (n = 29) was 9 mm. Histopathological analysis showed 19 benign lesions (66%) and one inconclusive biopsy result (3%). At follow-up of these lesions, 15 lesions showed no malignancy, no information was available in three patients and two lesions turned out to be malignant (one lesion at surgical excision 1 month after biopsy and one lesion at a second biopsy because of a more malignant enhancement curve at 12-months follow-up MRI). Nine biopsy results showed a malignant lesion (31%) which were all surgically removed. No complications occurred. MRI-guided biopsy at 3 T is a safe and effective method for breast biopsy in lesions that are occult on mammography and ultrasound. Follow-up MRI at 6 months after the biopsy should be performed in case of a benign biopsy result.     

MRI-guided needle localization of suspicious breast lesions: results of a freehand technique

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect clinically and mammographically occult breast lesions. In this study we report the results of MRI-guided needle localization of suspicious breast lesions by using a freehand technique. Preoperative MRI-guided single-needle localization was performed in 220 patients with 304 MRI-only breast lesions at our hospital between January 1997 and July 2004. Procedures were performed in an open 0.5-T Signa-SP imager allowing real-time monitoring, with patient in prone position, by using a dedicated breast coil. MRI-compatible hookwires were placed in a noncompressed breast by using a freehand technique. MRI findings were correlated with pathology and follow-up. MRI-guided needle localization was performed for a single lesion in 150 patients, for two lesions in 56 patients, and for three lesions in 14 patients. Histopathologic analysis of these 304 lesions showed 104 (34%) malignant lesions, 51 (17%) high-risk lesions, and 149 (49%) benign lesions. The overall lesion size ranged from 2.0–65.0 mm (mean 11.2 mm). No direct complications occurred. Follow-up MRI in 54 patients showed that two (3.7%) lesions were missed by surgical biopsy. MRI-guided freehand needle localization is accurate and allows localization of lesions anterior in the breast, the axillary region, and near the chest wall.     

乳腺黏液腺癌钼靶X线与磁共振成像特点及诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)及钼靶X线摄影检查对乳腺黏液腺癌的诊断价值。方法收集本院经手术病理证实的乳腺黏液腺癌12例,回顾性分析MRI成像、X线钼靶摄影及影像表现特点。结果单纯性8例,混合性4例。MRI表现:所有病例均表现为肿块,平扫T1WI为低信号或等低信号,T2WI为高信号或极高信号;动态增强扫描病灶呈渐进性明显强化,2例呈轻度强化;磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)病灶呈高信号,表观扩散系数(ADC)值增高。X线表现:肿块9例,不规则团片状2例,结构扭曲变形1例,内有钙化1例。病灶均表现为高密度,边缘清7例,边缘不清5例,其中边缘毛刺3例。MRI准确率71%,X线准确率67%,MRI和X线敏感性均100%。结论乳腺黏液腺癌由于含有黏液成分,MRI和X线影像表现上有一定特征,对本病诊断有一定价值,MRI准确性高于X线,二者应相互结合。