ELS清洗剂的性能研究

采用ELS清洗剂溶液与铜反应,研究ELS清洗剂除铜效果。实验证明:ELS清洗剂比煤油的除铜效果大大的增加;当溶液的温度在零度以下时,仍然具有一定的效果;ELS清洗剂配成的溶液10h内清洗效果最好,120h以后几乎没有效果;同时,ELS清洗剂对炮管材料没有腐蚀作用。     

工业及公共设施清洗剂市场现状及展望（英）

工业及公共设施清洗剂按市场划分可分为通用型清洗剂、地板护理及地毯清洗剂、杀菌和消毒清洗剂、衣用和餐具清洗剂、硬表面清洗剂、洗手剂以及其它一些应用领域的清洗剂。论述了清洗剂的配方、包装形式及应用领域。工业及公共设施清洗剂，是一个不断变化着的市场，它不仅充满了活力，而且在未来清洗产品中占领先地位     

D相乳化法制备油墨清洗剂

本文主要介绍了用D相乳化法制备一种特效油墨清洗剂，并对清洗剂性能进行了探讨，这种清洗剂主要成分由烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、环保油溶剂、十二烷基苯磺酸钠以及水等组成。清洗剂为中性，主要用于清洗印刷操作工手上所沾油墨。这种清洗剂对人体皮肤无伤害，去油墨效果非常显著，且无毒无污染，价格低廉，制作简单，使用方便。     

汽车燃油清洗剂的发展及展望

介绍了国内外汽车燃油系统清洗剂的发展状况，并对汽车燃油系统清洗剂进行了市场需求、经济效益及社会效益预测，得出环保型汽车燃油系统清洗剂的开发将成为今后汽车燃油系统清洗剂的主要发展趋势。     

电器设备清洗剂的品质及组成浅析

电器设备清洗剂的应用已非常普遍，但国家和行业内尚没有相应的标准。市场上销售的产品良莠不齐，使用者也缺乏恰当的评价依据。根据笔者10多年从事清洗剂开发、应用的实践，总结出电器设备清洗剂的七项关键指标，对电器设备清洗剂的原料配方提出了自己的独到见解。     

水系及准水系清洗剂

1．水系清洗剂 水系清洗剂由水、碱、酸、表面活性剂、防锈材料等组合而成，依据性质分为中性、酸性、碱性三大类。清洗剂的状态多为分粉末状或液体，一般加水稀释（10～100倍），常在40～80倍时使用。水系清洗剂与其它清洗剂相比，多为不燃、低毒。酸性清洗剂主要用在工业清洗行业的除锈、除垢等。碱性清洗剂主要用于金属零件的脱脂。一般，水系清洗剂与准水系和非水系相比，油性溶解力较弱。寿命也短，因此必须频繁更换清洗液，可能会产生较多的废液。而且，由于清洗后的漂洗工序会产生大量废水，所以设置作为辅助设备的废水处理装置，以进行符合废水排放标准的处理，是非常必要的。     

回收啤酒瓶专用清洗剂的研制及应用

高碱量和高磷的传统清洗剂，在追求安全、环保的市场当中，逐步失去了魅力。通过理论讨论、方案设计和实际检验，找到了一种低碱、无泡、无磷的高效清洗剂，其兼具环保和低成本的特点，沸石的应用，使得该清洗剂的发展有了新的方向。     

欧洲家用硬表面清洗剂的现状与未来（英）

近年来，家用硬表面清洗剂的发展异常活跃，并在西欧形成了高度细分的消费市场。这种发展趋势是由以下多种因素共同驱动的，如人们对微生物污染的关注、家庭生活模式的改变、表面材质的更新和公众环保意识的增强等。硬表面清洗剂应该在清除表面污垢的同时不损伤表面，在表面无残留物。理想的情形为，表面不需要进行漂洗，清洗剂不会残留斑纹，污渍或痕迹，并且对表面、使用者和环境均无害。介绍了家用硬表面清洗剂的配方变化及配方中各组分的功能，并预测了硬表面清洗剂的发展趋势。     

低温长效洗涤剂的研制

随着汽车需求量的加大和配件国产化进程的加快，汽车零部件加工安装过程中需要大量的清洗剂，过去常采用高温清洗，防锈剂使用亚硝酸钠。现代清洗技术要求清洗剂低温、长效、无泡、不含亚硝酸钠。为此，作者开发了低温长效无泡清洗剂，适用于机电喷射清洗。     

水基金属清洗剂

本文对我国近几年来水基金属清洗剂的发展情况作了论述。介绍了几种类型的水基金属清洗剂及其技术性能，并对金属清洗剂的去油污性、消泡性及防锈性等进行了讨论。     

红外光谱仪的发展及其在涂料工业中的应用方向

叙述了红外光谱仪的发展过程,阐明了傅立叶变换红外光谱仪的特点及其发展趋向。强调了傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分析在涂料研究工作中的应用方向,它将在涂料工业中发挥更大的作用。     

A Study of the Adhesive Foot of the Gecko: Translation of a Publication by Franz Weitlaner

Although it seems that gecko adhesion research is a relatively young branch of science, this recently rediscovered work presents some very old studies with quite remarkable findings. The publication of Dr. F. Weitlaner from 1902 is very impressive, as it covers many recently published topics and – even more impressively – often comes to the same conclusions and provides similar results compared with current publications. Weitlaner published his paper in German which was – at that time – very common in science. This makes it almost impossible for today's international community of bioinspired adhesion researchers to enjoy and appreciate this early gem of scientific work. Thus, we have decided to translate his paper in the hope that it finds the attention it deserves and that it inspires us to stay curious and pursue answers to the questions which have been asked for over a century.     

壳聚糖酰胺衍生物保湿性能研究

壳聚糖具有良好的保湿性能 ,但由于不溶于水 ,因此在化妆品中难以应用。虽然它能溶于酸溶液中 ,但会发生降解而不稳定。壳聚糖可与生物有机酸反应制得壳聚糖N -酰化的衍生物 ,2 %的该类衍生物 ,其保湿性明显优于10 %的甘油水溶液 ,而且粘度稳定 ,无降解发生 ,故可在化妆品中用作保湿剂。     

微波辐射与常规加热下催化还原NO动力学比较

在新型微波催化反应器上进行微波协同活性炭催化还原NO反应与常规加热条件下活性炭与NO还原反应的宏观动力。结果表明,在微波辐射条件下,该反应的活化能为20.754 5 kJ/mol。常规加热条件下为29.568 8 kJ/mol。这说明微波作用不仅具有热效应,而且大大降低了反应活化能,具有促进活性炭与NO还原反应的催化效应。     

火电厂锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝协同控制技术研究进展和建议

本文分析了开发火电厂锅炉烟气脱硫脱硝协同控制技术的必要性，介绍了多种国内外正在应用和尚在研究开发的烟气脱硫脱硝协同控制技术，最后本文指出当前烟气脱硫脱硝协同控制技术存在的问题主要是大部分技术还不成熟，建议我国应该尽大力开发和推广烟气脱硫脱硝协同控制技术，对已开发出来的技术和设备要进一步完善使之更适合我国国情。     

A primary, secondary and pseudo-tertiary mathematical model of a chlor-alkali membrane cell

A theoretical study of current density and potential at the anode, membrane and cathode, of a chlor-alkali membrane cell where the electrode blades are placed vertically, is presented. A representative unit cell is modelled in primary, secondary and pseudo-tertiary current distribution models. It is shown that electrolyte and membrane resistance has the greatest effect on current distribution. Furthermore, it is shown that there is a surprisingly small influence of mass transport on current distribution, on the assumption that the diffusion layer is of constant thickness. In converse to this, it is shown that mass transport affects the anode overpotential distribution to the extent that conclusions can be made about the occurrence of side-reactions and where they occur. Finally, it is shown that it is possible to estimate tertiary behaviour with a secondary current distribution model, by using an analytic expression at the anode surface.     

蒸发式冷凝器的经济性及应用

本文通过两个方案的比较。阐述了蒸发式冷凝器在特定的环境下具有较好的经济性，特别是能节省运行费用，是一种合理的选择。     

煤矸石作为替代原料在我公司水泥生产中的应用

我公司不断探寻新型低成本可替代原料。粉煤灰为粉状物料且水分较高，容易堵下料口，造成下料困难，经过多次实验发现，煤矸石与湿粉煤灰成分相近，其为块状物料，易于输送，价格较湿粉煤灰更为低廉，具有较高的资源替代性。煤矸石可替代现有的铝质校正材料湿粉煤灰进行生料配料。使用煤矸石配料能减少煤的配入量，使系统实物煤耗降低约0.5 kg/t；煤矸石到厂价格较湿粉煤灰价格便宜20元/t左右，可有效降低生料配料成本，具有较好的经济效益。煤矸石中硫含量较高且波动较大，可能造成烧成系统结皮、尾气硫超标等，使用时应加强煅烧工艺控制，并做好硫排放控制措施。     

Study of balance of images using visual weight

The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that create a sensation of balance or unbalance when a color image is observed depending on the light transmitted, reflected, and/or emitted by the objects that appear in it. This study is carried out by calculating the center of gravity (CG) of each image. The weight and the CG are obtained by calculating the force resulting from the different visual weights that make up the visual image and its position on this. When the visual CG and the geometric center coincide, it is recognized that the image is balanced. The action that acts on the balance of the lightness of an image is labeled as the visual weight. The visual weight of a figure is defined from the amount of visible light coming from it and the space occupied by this in the visual image. The colors show us the amount of light coming from a figure, while the shape provides us with information about the space that it occupies. The study explores how the qualities of appearance of three‐dimensional objects affect visual weight and how it can vary due to changes in light, motion of objects or the perspective of the image. Since these calculations can be very complex, we have developed the software called “PesoVisual” that automatically performs these operations on digital color images. Similarly, this software enables the analysis of the variability of the visual image. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 175–187, 2016     

Improving the resolution of ultrasonic echoes from thin bondlines using cepstral processing

The measurement of the transit time of an ultrasonic pulse through the adhesive layer of a bonded joint can be an important indicator of the cohesive strength of the bond. However, when the pulse length is long in comparison with its transit time through the adhesive, it becomes impossible to resolve the echoes from the front and back faces of the bondline, and hence to deduce the transit time. In such cases, it is possible to improve the resolution by deconvolving the pulse shape from the impulse response of the adhesive layer. Standard deconvolution techniques are dependent on an accurate knowledge of the pulse shape in order to facilitate this deconvolution, whereas cepstral processing is a deconvolution technique for which no a priori pulse shape information is required. Using this technique it is found that it is possible to resolve the echoes of typical broadband ultrasonic pulses from layers of half the thickness that it is possible to resolve without signal processing. The line spacing of the cepstrum determines the digital accuracy of the transit time measurement. This line spacing is inversely proportional to the time domain sampling frequency. Hence, in order to obtain good time domain resolution, a high sampling frequency is required. However, it is found that it is essential that the signal contains significant energy up to the Nyquist frequency (half the sampling frequency) to minimize cepstral noise. This limits the improvement in resolution which can be obtained with a given transducer.