公路隧道纵向射流通风数值模拟与分析

采用CFD方法,建立公路隧道纵向射流通风的物理数学模型,对某隧道内一组射流风机通风进行三维数值模拟,以隧道纵向射流通风基本理论为基础,分析了隧道内气流速度和压力分布特性,为进一步优化纵向射流通风设计提供参考。     

射流增压通风系统流场特性分析

根据实验数据,绘制射流增压通风系统的流场分布图,并分析速度分布和压力分布特性,从而全面了解射流发展的整个过程,有利于调控隧道气流的流动和控制隧道防灾.射流增压通风系统射流风机的纵向布置间距相应地增加,以上分析结果可供同行参考.     

特长隧道标准化施工通风设计数值模拟研究

为了解决高铁特长隧道标准化施工通风量小、污风淤积在隧道与横洞交界处无法排出的问题。依托池黄高铁某特长隧道工程,建立了三维数值计算模型,对比分析三种通风方案的通风流场特征及优缺点,从而对隧道标准化施工通风方案进行了优化。结果表明：加强掌子面以及横正洞交界处的通风可有效稀释污染物,避免污染物的堆积;在隧道横正洞交界处增设射流风机能够加快污染物在隧道内的流动速度,提高污风排出效率。     

地铁隧道壁龛式射流通风数值模拟

对地铁隧道壁龛式射流通风的特点进行了分析,建立了重庆某地铁区间隧道的单元通风段模型,设置压力、速度两种不同的进口边界条件,采用PHOENICS软件对隧道内部的速度场、压力场进行了模拟分析,发现隧道内断面气流速度分布存在一个波峰,峰值位于渐缩段末端断面,隧道内气流压力在风机吸入端达到最低值,在射流发展段呈现出渐变的非均匀的逆压运动,在射流发展段末端压力达到最大值,此后由于壁面摩阻损失的影响,在压力通风段压力逐渐降低;分析比较两种进口条件下隧道内部气流运动的不同点,主要体现在回流强度、射流发展段长度以及诱导通风量.     

侧墙上置风口置换通风规律的实验研究

针对侧墙上置风口置换通风方式,测试了房间非等温送风射流发展的速度场和室内空间的温度场,利用送风射流无因次速度变化曲线,分析了组合射流发展规律及其对通风效率的影响,基于送风速度与热源强度双因素,阐明了耦合作用对通风效率的影响,并指出了风口结构对通风效率影响.     

地铁深埋长隧道排烟方案研究

为解决地铁深埋长隧道内事故工况下列车追踪问题,以工程实际情况为例,采用计算机模拟的方法,对地铁深埋长隧道分别采用中间风井、轨顶风道与全部采用射流风机三种通风方案分别进行建模计算分析,结合线路埋深、行车密度、隧道断面、疏散安全等各方面因素,充分分析与阐述了各种方案的特点以及存在的问题。     

长梁山隧道进口施工通风浅析

长梁山隧道是我国目前双线电气化管二长的特长隧道，全长１２．７８公里，其中进口工区实现独头掘进２１９５米，通风状况良好，下面就施工通风作一简要介绍。     

长距离大直径公路隧道双竖井送排式通风中风机影响的数值模拟

应用Fluent软件对长距离、大直径、采用双竖井送排式通风的隧道进行二维数值模拟,分别对隧道入口射流主风机及两组竖井送排风机进行测试,分析了5个风机转速的变化对隧道流场的改变情况。模拟结果表明,主风机的影响最大,竖并排风机的升压性能不如送风机。     

渤海海峡隧道施工通风方案探讨

由于海上施工竖井布设难度大,致使渤海海峡隧道独头单口掘进长度加大,几个工作面独头单口掘进长度都在25 km左右。本文采用渤海海峡隧道现有的设想方案,通过通风方式的选择、通风计算和通风设备选型对本工程的施工通风进行研究,提出利用巷道式通风解决独头单口掘进25 km隧道施工通风的方案,为渤海海峡隧道的可行性研究提供施工通风方面的技术支持。     

隧道施工通风技术初探

隧道的施工通风就是把隧道内的有害气体、粉尘等有害物质合理地排出,或者是送入新鲜空气加以稀释。作为隧道施工环境综合控制的主要组成部分,旌工通风效果的好坏,直接关系到隧道内作业人员的健康和施工效率、工程进度与安全。     

Enhancement of Particle Removal Performance of High-speed Air Jet by Setting Obstacle in Jet Flow

Surface cleaning using high-speed air jet can be applied to cleaning of an object with concavo-convex shape. In such cases, the distance between the air jet nozzle and the surface becomes on the order of cm. An increase in the distance causes a decrease of the air velocity at the surface resulting in deterioration of the particle removal performance of the air jet. Therefore, a method to enhance removal efficiency is required. In this study, we investigated two methods for the enhancement of removal efficiency: one is to set a wire in the air flow and the other is to set two cylindrical rods. Although the wire set at the center of the jet flow deteriorates the removal efficiency, experimental results imply that the wire has a positive effect on the efficiency when it is set at a position where it does not interfere with the main flow of the jet. On the other hand, when two cylindrical rods are set at a theoretical periphery of the air jet, it shows clearly an enhancement in removal efficiency. This fact implies that the removal efficiency can be enhanced by controlling flow fluctuation by means of setting an obstacle.     

独头巷道空气年龄及通风有效性评价研究

根据独头巷道作业空间的特点,给出了独头巷道局部空气年龄、平均空气年龄的定义及其计算模型,用示踪气体测定平均空气年龄的方法和原理,并用CFD (computational fluid dynamics)对独头巷道附壁受限射流通风流场及平均空气年龄进行了数值计算,得出了独头巷道空间通风流场和平均空气年龄分布,建立了计算换气效率和排污效率的数学模型。研究表明影响通风有效性的主要因素是空气年龄和污染物浓度,而影响空气年龄主要是通风气流组织和通风量。为评价独头巷道通风有效性提供了一种新的理论依据。     

前混合磨料水射流切割HTPB推进剂的可行性研究

针对前混合磨料水射流切割HTPB推进剂的过程安全性和效率，开展了理论分析与试验验证。在理论分析的结果上，分别开展了基于固定和移动两种试验模式下的安全性和效率试验。该切割方式由于有效降低了出口压力，在保证切割能力的前提下其冲击压力远远低于推进剂的冲击感度，导致推进剂内部升温不明显，安全性有足够保证。研究结果表明，在90%的置信水平下，切割的安全可靠度不低于99.52%。而磨料粒子的添加极大地提高了射流的切割效率。试验结果表明，当保持出口压力30 MPa以上、磨料质量分数不低于50%时，磨料水射流约为相同条件下纯水射流切割效率的2倍。由此得出可行性结论:由于前混合磨料水射流具有极强的冷态冲蚀磨削作用，在安全性和效率方面均能够满足对三组元HTPB推进剂的切割作业。     

Investigation of turbulent heat transfer and nanofluid flow in a double pipe heat exchanger

In present study, heat transfer and turbulent flow of water/alumina nanofluid in a parallel as well as counter flow double pipe heat exchanger have been investigated. The governing equations have been solved using an in-house FORTRAN code, based on finite volume method. Single-phase and standard k-ε models have been used for nanofluid and turbulent modeling, respectively. The internal fluid has been considered as hot fluid (nanofluid) and the external fluid, cold fluid (base fluid). The effects of nanoparticles volume fraction, flow direction and Reynolds number on base fluid, nanofluid and wall temperatures, thermal efficiency, Nusselt number and convection heat transfer coefficient have been studied. The results indicated that increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction or Reynolds number causes enhancement of Nusselt number and convection heat transfer coefficient. Maximum rate of average Nusselt number and thermal efficiency enhancement are 32.7% and 30%, respectively. Also, by nanoparticles volume fraction increment, the outlet temperature of fluid and wall temperature increase. Study the minimum temperature in the solid wall of heat exchangers, it can be observed that the minimum temperature in counter flow has significantly reduced, compared to parallel flow. However, by increasing Reynolds number, the slope of thermal efficiency enhancement of heat exchanger gradually tends to a constant amount. This behavior is more obvious in parallel flow heat exchangers. Therefore, using of counter flow heat exchangers is recommended in higher Reynolds numbers.     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN A VENTILATED OFFICE SPACE

A numerical study of air movement and contaminant transport is made to predict air flow patterns, ventilation performance and indoor air quality in a typical office space. Both conventional cooling and cold air jet cooling methods are investigated. The space heat load is from a hot wall that creates a plume. This plume either opposes or aids the flow of the jet depending on its location. The transient variation of room occupied zone average concentration is exponential after a change of the source strength equivalent to a change in the number of people in the room. The ventilation efficiency as well as the contaminant removal effectiveness of cold jet cooling is nearly the same as conventional cooling. Turnover time for cold air jet cooling is about 53% higher than conventional cooling when the hot plume aids the jet and 43% higher when it opposes the jet. The highest ventilation efficiency was η_v = 1.3 when the room is cooled with conventional temperature supply air, the plume opposed the jet and the contaminant source was located near the hot wall. The worst condition, η_v = 0.8, occurs when the air close to the pollutant source is stagnant. This happens for the room with an opposing plume, cold air jet cooling and a contamination source near the wall opposite the heated wall.     

定风量系统下碰撞射流通风的供热效果分析

对碰撞射流通风在定风量系统下的供热特性进行了数值模拟,并且对不同送风口安装高度和送风温差下的室内温度场分布和热气流扩散距离进行了分析。结果表明:同一送风温差时,送风口高度越高,热气流扩散距离越短;同一送风口高度时,送风温差越小,热气流扩散距离越长,由温度分层引起的不舒适感就会减弱。     

用于乡村公共卫生安全的多功能气调机

新冠疫情爆发揭示了世界范围内公共卫生安全领域存在的艰巨挑战,尤其是公共基础设施弱、公共卫生安全意识薄弱的乡村地区。本文面向乡村防疫的特性需求,基于气固吸附和固载二氧化氯技术,开发了一种兼具灭菌、驱虫和富碳施肥的新型气调机装置。机组采用四床变电吸附（ESA）碳捕集与变压吸附（PSA）制氮循环结合的方法,对CO2和N2进行富集;同时,将固载二氧化氯应用于吸附剂中,实现一定强度的杀菌效果。基于测试数据和模拟模型,对碳捕集循环中吸附和解吸温度的温差、制氮循环中出口流速和吸附压力对该气调机的分离性能（回收率、纯度、生产率）和能效性能（比能耗、最小分离功、第二定律效率）的影响进行分析。结果表明：CO2的回收率、纯度、生产率均随温差的增大而升高;N2的纯度随出口流速的增大而降低,随吸附压力的增大而升高;N2回收率和生产率随出口流速和吸附压力的升高均呈现上升的趋势;系统比能耗随吸附压力的升高而升高,随温差和出口流速的增大均呈现降低的趋势;第二定律效率呈现与比能耗相反的变化趋势。模拟结果显示：当温差为105 K,出口流速为0.01 m/s,吸附压力为1 MPa时,CO2和N2纯度均达到最大值,体积分数（VOL）分别为80.6% 和97.05%,此时系统比能耗为2.13 MJ/kg,第二定律效率为4.71%,能效性能处于较好水平;即使在其他操作条件下,CO2纯度普遍高于60%VOL,N2纯度普遍高于95%VOL,系统其他性能参数均可达到较高水平。     

A multicapillary inlet jet disruption electrodynamic ion funnel interface for improved sensitivity using atmospheric pressure ion sources

A new multicapillary inlet and ion funnel interface for electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry has been developed and demonstrated to achieve higher ion transmission efficiency compared to a single-capillary inlet and ion funnel interface. Even though the distance between the end of the ESI inlet capillary and the exit of the ion funnel (10 cm) is significantly longer than that of the conventional interface (typically a few millimeters), a significant part of the directed inlet gas flow persists into the first stage of pumping and results in an increased gas load to the second chamber. A jet disrupter made of a circular metal disk placed on axis in the ion funnel enhanced the dispersion of the directed gas flow from a multicapillary inlet and was also found to improve the ion transmission. The ion funnel with the jet disrupter demonstrated a 15% improvement in ion transmission (compared to that without the jet disrupter) and simultaneously reduced the pumping speed required for the first or second stage by a factor of 2-3. Compared to the sensitivity with the standard mass spectrometer interface (an API 3000, Sciex, Concord, ON, Canada) in MS/MS operation using an interface equipped with the jet disrupter and ion funnel, a 5.3-10.7-fold enhancement in signal was observed for samples with concentrations of 100-500 pg/microL and 10.2 to 14.1-fold enhancement for concentrations of 10 to 50 pg/microL. The decreased enhancement at higher concentrations is attributed to space charge effects and detector saturation.