发展就业增长型中小城市

主持人:如何实现农村人口向中小城市的有序转移? 屠海鸣:我认为,要以新型城镇化为契机,引导农村人口向中小城市转移.改革开放30多年来,我国人口转移规律是:农村人口向中小城市转移,中小城市人口向大城市、特大城市转移,可称之为“小向大转移”.推进新型城镇化的人口转移应该是:农村人口向中小城市转移,大城市、特大城市人口也向中小城市转移,可称之为“两头往中间转移”.     

特大城市智慧化顶层设计与建设

智慧城市与新型智慧城市创新,成为推动我国城市治理改革创新的重要维度.基于信息化等的城市智能化水平的提升,是促进城市发展目标与智能感知、处置问题的必要参考.新型城镇化进程中特大城市和关键生城市群数量、体量的激增,对于智能水平的构建存在战略需求.本研究在调研智慧城市进展的基础上,剖析新型智慧城市的缘起、内涵,根据我国特大城市的特征、挑战与总体愿景,提出顶层设计架构的路径建议,为信息化等技术支撑提供有效接口.     

“新型城镇化”概念内涵、目标内容、规划策略及认知误区解析

定义了新时期“新型城镇化”概念,从4个角度解读并指出新型城镇化的民生、可持续发展和质量三大内涵.提出新型城镇化的6大核心目标——平等城镇化、幸福城镇化、转型城镇化、绿色城镇化、健康城镇化和集约城镇化.概括新型城镇化的4项重点内容——全面推进区域统筹与协调一体、稳步实现产业升级与低碳转型、大力坚持生态文明和集约高效、努力尝试制度改革和体制创新.阐述了新型城镇化四类规划策略——“区域协调、城乡统筹与一体化”的统筹协调策略、“三产三低三提升、三业三化三集中”的转型升级策略、“资源节约集约、环境友好安全”的生态文明策略、“集聚增长、混合利用、紧凑开发”的集聚紧凑策略.指出新型城镇化存在的6大可预见性认知误区.     

城镇化的升级和新型城镇化

总结城镇化不同历史阶段所表现出的基本特点、面临的挑战和困难,以及需要实现的核心任务.提出相对于在城镇化发展初期更加重视通过工业化和非农经济发展促进就业和解决贫困问题,进入城镇化中后期发展阶段,应重视促进城乡统筹发展、避免社会分化,促进经济结构转型升级等各种结构性问题,实现城镇化的升级.认为国家正在推进的新型城镇化战略,应该从实现推动城镇化发展不断升级转型的角度来理解.具体来说,新型城镇化需要实现从“非农化的城镇化”向“市民化的城镇化”的升级,从“中小城市优先的城镇化”向“城市群依托的城镇化”升级,从“粗放投入的城镇化”向“创新驱动的城镇化”升级,从“传统管理的城镇化”向“智慧城市的城镇化”升级,从“土地和产业的城镇化”向“以人为核心的城镇化”升级.     

第四届“金经昌中国青年规划师创新论坛”成功举办

当前正值我国进入全面建成小康社会的决定性阶段,在“四个全面”的战略布局指导下,国家“一带一路”战略和长江经济带建设、以及新型城镇化规划,提供了新的历史机遇.同时也面临经济增速回落平稳,经济结构优化升级,发展动力由传统的要素驱动、投资驱动转向创新驱动的重大战略机遇期.新常态伴随着新矛盾、新问题,对新常态的适应力,取决于全面深化改革的力度,决定了中国未来的新契机、新发展.     

要闻

01国家发展改革委印发《“十四五”新型城镇化实施方案》日前,国家发展改革委发布了《“十四五”新型城镇化实施方案》(以下简称“《实施方案》”)。为实现“十四五”时期深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化战略的目标任务,《实施方案》从加快农业转移人口市民化、优化城镇化空间布局和形态、推进新型城市建设、提升城市治理水平、推进城乡融合发展等方面提出了40余条具体政策举措。     

以“流”促“留”：长三角县域新型城镇化的空间模式与规划策略

面对我国大城市所提供各类设施规模难以同时满足3亿农民落户的现实困境,广大县域成为新型城镇化的主要出路。本文希望通过引导区域资源要素流动带动县域城镇发展,提升县域城镇化的空间承载能力,最终实现以“要素流”促进“人口留”的新型城镇化目标。通过架构“以流促留”的理论框架,使用世界500强企业数据与手机信令数据识别资本、人员等要素流动,结合“大数据+问卷调查”分析方法,采用“宏观约束+个体决策”解析机制,分析了长三角县域城镇的空间类型、作用机制与空间模式。研究发现,第一,长三角县域城镇存在“网络化”与“中心流”两种典型模式,其中“网络化模式”更接近实现以“流”促“留”的本地城镇化目标;第二,两种典型模式的作用机制不同,“网络化模式”是产业分工驱动下的县镇内外要素均衡流动,“中心流模式”是住房与社会保障综合作用下县城主导要素流动。第三,从城镇化路径、空间载体、规模借用、空间治理等方面提出实现以“流”促“留”的规划策略。     

改革开放以来中国城镇化的演进历程、特征与方向--基于人口、经济与制度视角

城镇化的演进历程深受人口结构、经济模式和制度安排的影响。通过对改革开放以来中国人口结构和经济模式的概览性考察,指出人口结构在未来10年内将发生人口机会窗口关闭和“人口拐点”来临两大结构性转变,经济模式正从出口和投资驱动转变为创新和内需驱动。结合政治经济体制的改革历程,在回顾中国城镇化进程的基础上,指出从双轨渐进改革下的“自下而上城镇化”,到市场经济体制改革下的“流动城镇化”,再到全面深化改革下的“新型城镇化”,城乡之间的制度性壁垒逐渐被打破,城乡居民权利不断趋于均等化,异质的城乡二元结构不断向同质的城乡一元结构演进;进而指出,中国城镇化进程未来有陷入“流动中的停滞”状态的趋势,并提出针对性的政筵建议。     

新型城镇化背景下的小城镇发展初探——以江苏省常州市区为例

本文基于当前对我国城镇化的高度关注,首先,从城镇化的初步认识和未来展望两个方面,充分论证了新型城镇化道路是中国城镇化的战略选择.其次,从现状城镇发展概况、新型城镇化下的城镇地位提升（承上的“分水渠”和启下的“蓄水池”）两个方面,深入分析了“城镇”主体在新型城镇化过程中的重要作用.然后,对新型城镇化下的城镇发展思路进行初步探讨,在城市圈（群）的各层级主体重点衔接的基础上,对城镇自身发展进行重点引导.最后,以常州市区小城镇发展作为具体案例,结合其现状概况、区域分析和自身特征,对新型城镇化下的常州市区城镇发展的具体实践进行深化探讨,包括生态文明导向下的区域城市（镇）发展差别化“两种模式”、城镇自身发展主要引导.     

中原城市群一体化协调发展路径探析

城市群是当今世界城市发展的主流和大趋势,也是我国新型城镇化道路的核心支撑体系,从《国家“十一五”规划纲要》首次提出“把城市群作为推进城镇化的主体形态”到《国家新型城镇化规划》最终明确“把城市群作为主体形态”,主题一再深化,目标一以贯之.     

浅析高速公路工程招投标中的最低评标价法

结合目前高速公路施工项目招投标活动的实际情况,阐述了最低评标价法的概念,归纳了其优点及存在问题,对完善最低评标价法提出几点策略,以期促进招标投标市场更加规范有序。     

Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne

This article analyses state-led place-making practices in Melbourne. The two levels of government that influence planning in Melbourne make much of the city as ‘culturally vibrant’ and ‘creative’, and have incorporated creative city-inspired place-making principles into many layers of the planning system. An examination of the development of two mixed-use megaprojects in central Melbourne reveals however that ideals of culturally engaging public places, and indeed of creative landscapes for middle-class consumption, wither in the face of more basic imperatives for economic development. In these case studies the ‘creative city’, no matter how the idea is interpreted, has little traction either as a set of inclusive place-making principles or as a gentrification strategy. The article concludes that the creative city-inspired place-making objectives in the planning system at both state and local levels are ambiguous in their overall intents and completely unsupported by statutory controls. Such place-making objectives as are realised are the compromised results of the interplay of uncoordinated decisions, delivered at the pleasure of the developer.     

Pathogens in septage in Vietnam

Septage is widely acknowledged as a major source of infectious pathogens while disposal of septage, and the operation and maintenance of septic tanks, is not regulated in many developing countries. Twenty untreated septage and septage sludge samples were taken from Can Tho City, Vietnam to examine their pathogen content, and indicator micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in all samples, regardless of sludge storage time. Phages were detected in 80% of samples. Salmonella spp. were detected in 70% of the untreated septage and 60% of septage sludge samples. Concentrations of phages and bacteria tested in septage sludge after many years of tank storage were much higher than the expected levels. Helminth ova were present in 95% of untreated septage samples with an average of 450 ova l^− 1, and were detected in all septage sludge samples with an average of 16,000 ova l^− 1. Twelve varieties of helminth ova were identified. More helminth ova varieties in higher concentrations were found in septage than those reported from stool samples. The varieties' frequency ranged from 10% to 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides predominated. Results show that pathogens and indicator micro-organisms, especially helminth ova, accumulate in sludge. Thus helminth ova should be considered when septage sludge is treated and used for agriculture. Proper health protection measures must be applied for people handling septage.     

新时期广东城市化的新特点

新时期广东城市化出现以下特点:知识源导向、城市由单体向群体化发展、产业集群推动、政府主导自上而下的集约化发展、城镇化向城市化转变、由重“数量”发展向重“质量”发展的转变。     

谈城市历史保护规划的误区

由于缺乏起码的历史文化知识,忽视历史文化遗产的保护,错误的决策导致了建设性的破坏,要加强城市保护的教育,培养合格人才。     

浅谈建筑施工临时用电安全

针对由于建筑施工临时用电安全管理的不完善和不规范操作而导致大量工伤事故频频发生的问题,为消除用电安全隐患,对建筑施工临时用电安全管理进行了归纳和分析,并提出了整改意见,以确保现场人员及电气设备的安全运行。     

浅谈我国工程项目建设成本控制存在的问题

结合目前我国施工企业工程项目成本管理现状,对工程项目成本管理过程中存在的问题进行了较详细的分析,并提出了一些解决问题的办法,以做好项目成本控制工作,进而增强企业经济实力。     

Perchlorate exposure in lactating women in an urban community in New Jersey

Perchlorate is most widely known as a solid oxidant for missile and rocket propulsion systems although it is also present as a trace contaminant in some fertilizers. It has been detected in drinking water, fruits, and vegetables throughout New Jersey and most of the United States. At sufficiently high doses, perchlorate interferes with the uptake of iodine into the thyroid and may interfere with the development of the skeletal system and the central nervous system of infants. Therefore, it is important to quantify perchlorate in breast milk to understand potential perchlorate exposure in infants. In this study we measured perchlorate in breast milk, urine, and drinking water collected from 106 lactating mothers from Central New Jersey. Each subject was asked to provide three sets of samples over a 3-month period. The average ± SD perchlorate level in drinking water, breast milk, and urine was 0.168 ± 0.132 ng/mL (n = 253), 6.80 ± 8.76 ng/mL (n = 276), and 3.19 ± 3.64 ng/mL (3.51 ± 6.79 μg/g creatinine) (n = 273), respectively. Urinary perchlorate levels were lower than reference range values for women of reproductive age (5.16 ± 11.33 μg/g creatinine, p = 0.03), likely because of perchlorate secretion in breast milk. Drinking water perchlorate levels were ≤ 1.05 ng/mL and were not positively correlated with either breast milk or urine perchlorate levels. These findings together suggest that drinking water was not the most important perchlorate exposure source for these women. Creatinine-adjusted urine perchlorate levels were strongly correlated with breast milk perchlorate levels (r = 0.626, p = < 0.0005). Breast milk perchlorate levels in this study are consistent with widespread perchlorate exposure in lactating women and thus infants. This suggests that breast milk may be a source of exposure to perchlorate in infants.     

安康市工程施工企业未来几年人才需求调查

为了不断提高工程类专业的办学质量,对安康市区主要施工企业或项目经理部未来几年人才需求状况进行了调查,同时提出相关建议,以期培养更多的该类专业人才,满足施工企业需求。