西大别造山带中新县-红安地区的变质变形分析

以商麻断裂为界,大别造山带分为东段和西段,西大别造山带是连接桐柏造山带和大别造山带的纽带。通过对几何学和运动学以及变质环境的研究表明：西大别造山带的形态为一个枢纽向西倾伏的巨型背形构造,且有圈层结构,层间存在滑脱面。西大别地区至少存在着3 期构造变形,第一期是南北边界剪切带的形成,第二期是层间滑脱面和榴辉岩透镜体的形成,第三期是晚期的岩体侵入。应力场的统计结果可知,西大别造山带主要受到近南北方向的挤压,统计结果真实地记录了西大别造山带形成时的古应力状态,对应着3 期变形的第一期。有限应变测量结果显示,从北向南岩石的变形强度存在着：强变形带→弱变形带→强变形带→弱变形带→强变形带这种强弱变形带交替出现的规律。通过白云母Ti温度计以及多硅白云母压力计结果显示西大别造山带中新县-红安地区岩石的变质条件为T = 450 ℃～620 ℃,P = 1.0～1.6 GPa,属于高压蓝片岩相到榴辉岩相。     

Two Discrete UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts in the Central Orogenic Belt, China

INTRODUCTION Anew ultrahigh pressure ( UHP) metamorphicbelt ,the South Altun-North Qaidam-North QinlingUHP metamorphic belt ,has been recently discoveredand widely discussed by different workers (Yang J Set al .,2003 ,2002 ,2001 ,2000 ,1998 ;Zhang J Xetal .,2002 ,1999 ; Zhang G et al .,2001 ; Hu et al .,1996 ,1995 ,1994) . Detailed studies have also beencarried out onthe Dabie-Sulu UHP/ HP metamorphicbelt inthe central orogenic belt (COB) of China (Gaoet al .,2002 ;Sun et al …     

大别造山带构造归属：海西期以来地幔化学成分特征证据

通过对海西湘以来幔源岩石化学成分（特别是高度不相容元素对比值和具有相似性质的元素对比值）研究并与相邻构造单元（扬子板块北缘，华北板块南缘，北秦岭带，南秦岭带）地幔特征对比表明，大别造山带中海西期春秋庙－王母观辉长岩，碰撞后晚燕山早期镁铁－超镁铁质岩体（包括南，北大别造山带）以及产于大别造山带南部和扬子地块北缘的晚燕山晚期碱性玄武岩源区地，均具有富Sc,Cu,贫MgO，低Zr/Hf和高Rb/Sr,Ba/Sr,Ba/La,Nb/Ta,Yb/Hf等特征，源区地幔的这些特点与元古宙以来扬子地幔特征相似，而与华北地幔特征存在显著区别，反映大别造山带发育在扬子地幔上，根据大量的地质学，构造地质学，岩石学，地球物理及地球化学等研究结果，指出桐柏－商城－磨子潭－晓天断裂带是秦岭造山带中商丹断裂带的东延，综合研究证实大别造山带主体属南秦岭的组成部分。     

南秦岭花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ定年结果表明,南秦岭勉、略构造带以北迷坝、光头山和东江口等花岗岩体形成于三叠纪（２０６￣２２０Ｍａ）,与南秦岭勉－略构造带洋盆的闭合时代及大别山超高压变质时代基本一致显示了它们的形成与勉－略古生代洋盆闭合后及华南陆块与华北陆块碰撞之间的内在联系。它支持华南和华北两大陆块最终在印支期碰撞的观点。     

On Continent-Continent Point-Collision and Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism

Up to now it is known that almost all ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism of non-impact origin occurred in continent-continent collisional orogenic belt, as has been evidenced by many outcrops in the eastern hemisphere. UHP metamorphic rocks are represented by coesite- and diamond-bearing eclogites and eclogite facies metamorphic rocks formed at 650-800℃ and 2.6-3.5 GPa, and most of the protoliths of UHP rocks are volcanic-sedimentary sequences of continental crust. From these it may be deduced that deep subduction of continental crust may have occurred. However, UHP rocks are exposed on the surface or occur near the surface now, which implies that they have been exhumed from great depths. The mechanism of deep subduction of continental crust and subsequent exhumation has been a hot topic of the research on continental dynamics, but there are divergent views. The focus of the dispute is how deep continental crust is subducted so that UHP rocks can be formed and what mechanism causes it to be subducte     

秦岭大别碰撞造山带根部结晶基底隆升的变质岩石学证迹

秦岭大别碰撞造山带中隆升最高的结晶基底便是大别杂岩，在超高压变质岩和某些高级变质岩中均发现典型的近等温减压（ＩＴＤ）型的退变质结构，多呈后成合晶或冠状体的形式取代或包绕原生矿物晶粒（主晶），显示退变质不平衡反应的过程．然而超高压变质岩与大别杂岩中的高级变质岩，变质地温梯度截然不同，暗示它们形成的构造条件极不相同，超高压变质岩早期由岩石圈深处（１２０ｋｍ±）折返到下地壳与那里的高级变质岩构造混合，平行并置，而后才一起隆升．退变质不平衡结构与寄主岩的面理无关，说明这种近等温的减压退变质作用发生于后造山时期近绝热条件下的隆升体制，近绝热隆升的热源可能是中生代以来大别山地区岩石圈减薄所引起     

大别造山带北部的中生代火山岩

大别造山带北部的北淮阳中生代火山喷发岩带形成于后造山阶段的晚侏罗世—早白垩世。火山岩可以划分为２个独立的火山旋回,分别对应于高钾钙碱性系列（ＨＫＣＡ）和钾玄岩系列（ＳＨＯ）,从岩石构造组合和岩石地球化学数据提供的约束条件分析,前者形成于晚侏罗世的陆内挤压环境,造山带是有“山根”的增厚陆壳,而早白垩世钾玄岩系列岩石的出现表征着造山带已发生“去根”作用,北淮阳处于陆壳减薄的拉张环境     

东秦岭-大别造山带南侧中生代砂岩碎屑组分及其构造意义

利用Dickinson、Suczek等人建立的砂岩碎屑模型,对东秦岭-大别造山带南侧中生代盆地碎屑岩的组分特征进行研究,分析碎屑岩的物源区类型,认为中生代砂岩物源主要来自东秦岭-大别造山带、龙门山、江南逆冲带,具有明显的再旋回造山带属性,碎屑组分变化序列是盆缘造山带3期逆冲活动的沉积响应。通过分析中生代砂岩碎屑组分的构造意义,探讨了东秦岭-大别造山带中生代的构造演化及其盆山耦合关系。     

武当-桐柏-大别成矿带铜矿成矿规律

武当-桐柏-大别成矿带可分为南秦岭造山带、北淮阳构造带、桐柏-大别构造带三个二级构造单元,在南秦岭造山带广泛分布变质热液型铜矿,北淮阳构造带内产出VMS型、岩浆熔离型及斑岩型铜矿,桐柏-大别构造带则分布有岩浆热液型和矽卡岩型铜矿。构造单元的性质对区内产出的铜矿类型具有较强的控制作用。变质热液型铜矿主要与浅变质作用有关,变质流体以断层为运移通道并最终就位于黑色岩系内的次级断层。VMS型、岩浆熔离型、斑岩型铜矿与岩浆作用密切相关,产出在岩体内部及与围岩的接触带。岩浆热液型及矽卡岩型铜矿形成于岩浆作用晚期阶段,分布在岩体与围岩接触带及附近构造裂隙带等部位。     

Zircon U／Pb Dating of Cretaceous Adakitic Volcanic Rocks in the Eastern Part of North Dabie Mountains

1IntroductionMostgeologistshaveacceptedthattheQinling Dabieorogenicbeltistheproductofcontinentaldeepsubduction (Okayetal.,1993;Cong ,B .etal.,1995 ;Hackeretal.,1995 ;DongShuwenetal.,1993) .Butasthebiggest scaleUHPmetamorphicbeltintheworld ,thereactionbetweenthecrustandthemantleatthepost orogenicstageandtheexhumation ,upliftinganddenudationoftheorogenicbeltarethecomplexdynamicprocesses .ItwasreportedpreviouslythatsomeCretaceousvolcanicrocksexistinthemiddleoftheDabieMountains (GuanYuncaiet…     

Petrology, Metamorphic Process and Genesis of The Dabie--Sulu Eclogite Belt, Eastern--Central China

The Qinling-Dabie-Sulu high-pressure and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt wasformed by subduction and collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. The study ofthe eclogite belt is very important in understanding the evolution of the Qinling Dabie orogen. Inthe present paper the geology, petrology, minerology and chronology of the eclogites in the Dabieand Sulu areas are described. The principal conclusions of this work are as follows: (1) Based up-on the field occurrence and the P-T conditions of the eclogites, two types of eclogite can be dis-tinguished: Type 1—the low-temperature and high-pressure eclogite in the mid-late Proterozoicmetamorphic series, and Type 2—the ultra-high pressure eclogite in the late Archaean to earlyProterozoic metamorphic complex. In the Dabie area, the ultra-high-pressure eclogite,high-pressure eclogite and epidote-blueschist units are nearly parallel to each other and stretchintermittently from north to south. (2) The P-T conditions of the high-pressure eclogites and ul-tra-high pressure eclogites have been estimated. The former are formed at 450-550℃ and1.4-1.6 GPa; while the latter at 650-870℃ and >2.7-2.9 GPa in the Dabie area and at820-1000℃ and >2.8-3.1 GPa in the Sulu area. The metamorphic temperatures of the eclogitesincrease progressively from west to east. (3) The ultra-high pressure eclogites were subjected to 5stages of metamorphism: pre-eclogite epidote amphibolite facies, peak coesite eclogite facies,post-eclogite amphibolite facies, epidote-blueschist facies or epidote amphibolite facies andgreenschist facies. The general features of the PTt path of the ultra-high pressure eclogite are:clockwise pattern, progressive metamorphism being a process of slow increasing temperature andrapid increasing pressure, and the retrogressive section with nearly isothermal decompression atthe early stage, isobaric cooling at the middle stage and nearly isothermal decompression at thelate stage. (4) At least two stages of high-pressure metamorphism occurred in the orogenic belt:the high-pressure eclogite and ultra-high pressure eclogite were formed by the subduction of theoceanic crust northward beneath the North China plate or the Dabie block during theCaledonian; while the epidote-blueschist belt came into being by subdution and collision be-tween the two continental plates during the Indosinian. (5) Due to the continuous sequentialsubduction of the cold plate, the ultra high-presssure metamorphic rocks were uplifted to thecrust by the underplating processes. They can be preserved just because of the "frozen effect" re-sulting from the continuous subduction of the cold plate. (6) The carbonates, such as magnesite,breunnerite, aragonite and dolomite, and the H_2O-bearing minerals, such as phengite, epidoteand zoisite, were stable during the high-pressure and/or ultra-high pressure metamorphism.     

桐柏-大别山区高压变质相的构造配置

作为华北和扬子陆块间的碰撞造山带桐柏大别山区以发育高压、超高压变质带为特征,从南到北变质相从低级到高级,代表俯冲带深度不同的变质产物,整体形成高压变质相系列。不过现今各变质相岩石的分布极受后期地壳规模的伸展构造控制,大别杂岩的穹隆作用更使高压变质相带的空间分布复杂化。超高压变质岩今日多呈大小不等的块体嵌布于相对低压的大别杂岩之内,造山带根部物质的热软化,使许多深层地幔物质得以像挤牙膏一样挤出于大别杂岩内。它们之中广泛发育着减压退变质的显微结构,与大别杂岩内一些麻粒岩相表壳岩所保存的减压退变质证迹一样,同是挤出作用和碰撞后隆升的构造证迹。高压相系的发育使南桐柏山和大别山迥然不同于桐商（ 商丹） 断裂以北的北秦岭北淮阳变质带。新近发表的同位素年代学（４０Ａｒ ３９ Ａｒ） 资料：３１６ ～４３４ Ｍａ ,已证明北秦岭是古生代变质带,它与桐柏－ 大别印支期碰撞造山带差异甚大。这两个变质地温梯度差异甚大的变质地体的拼合,说明华北和扬子陆块碰撞的主缝合带是商丹－ 桐商断裂带     

秦岭造山带黑色岩系与金属矿床类型及成矿系列

秦岭造山带黑色岩系划分为南、北、中三个带,北带分布于北秦岭,以秦岭杂岩为基底的岛弧火山岩与花岗岩带到二郎坪弧后边缘海盆带,形成于活动大陆边缘类似的沟、弧、盆构造体系,产出沉积-变质-构造-热液改造型镍-钼小型矿床.中带分布于南秦岭北部,环绕岛链古隆起形成深水-半深水滞留断陷局限盆地,发育与热水沉积有关的黑色岩系,赋存沉积轻微改造型超大型钒矿床和沉积-构造-热液改造型大型金-钒矿床.南带分布于南秦岭南部,扬子板块北缘早古生代沉积区局部拉张环境发育裂谷式断陷盆地,发育巨厚的硅质-泥质-重晶石互层岩系,形成沉积改造中型含钼-钒矿床和热水沉积大型毒重石-重晶石矿床等.解剖了秦岭黑色岩系容矿的典型矿床特征与成矿作用,划分了矿床成因类型,建立了黑色岩系容矿的金属矿床成矿系列.     

东秦岭丹凤岩群的形成时代和构造属性

东秦岭丹凤岩群位于秦岭商丹构造带上，主体形成于新元古代（1000Ma-800Ma)，其中变质基性火册岩的岩石地球化学特征表明为岛弧型火山岩系，而非蛇绿岩，其形成于秦岭造山带新元古代主造山期板块构造体制下的活动陆缘古岛弧构造环境。     

Timing of the Erlangping back‐arc basin in the Qinling orogen,central China and its tectonic significance

Back‐arc basins hold the key in understanding the geodynamics of orogenic processes. The Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt in central China is one of the most important orogenic belts constraining the tectonic framework of eastern Asia. However, its Palaeozoic accretionary processes remain equivocal, mainly derived from the age uncertainty of the back‐arc basin in the Qinling orogen. We carried out zircon U–Pb geochronology for two pyroclastic volcanic rocks intercalated within the Erlangping back‐arc basin basalts. They yield U–Pb ages of 435.8 ± 4.2 Ma and 435.7 ± 3.8 Ma, which precisely constrain the timing of the back‐arc basin opening. The opening of the Erlangping back‐arc basin might have been triggered by the rollback of the Proto‐Tethyan oceanic slab due to the southward migration of arc magmatism at ca. 440 Ma. The Palaeozoic tectonic evolution and orogen‐scale geodynamic processes of the Qinling orogen are thus reconstructed.     

Tectonic evolution of a composite collision orogen: An overview on the Qinling–Tongbai–Hong'an–Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt in central China

The formation of collisional orogens is a prominent feature in convergent plate margins. It is generally a complex process involving multistage tectonism of compression and extension due to continental subduction and collision. The Paleozoic convergence between the South China Block (SCB) and the North China Block (NCB) is associated with a series of tectonic processes such as oceanic subduction, terrane accretion and continental collision, resulting in the Qinling–Tongbai–Hong'an–Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt. While the arc–continent collision orogeny is significant during the Paleozoic in the Qinling–Tongbai–Hong'an orogens of central China, the continent–continent collision orogeny is prominent during the early Mesozoic in the Dabie–Sulu orogens of east-central China. This article presents an overview of regional geology, geochronology and geochemistry for the composite orogenic belt. The Qinling–Tongbai–Hong'an orogens exhibit the early Paleozoic HP–UHP metamorphism, the Carboniferous HP metamorphism and the Paleozoic arc-type magmatism, but the three tectonothermal events are absent in the Dabie–Sulu orogens. The Triassic UHP metamorphism is prominent in the Dabie–Sulu orogens, but it is absent in the Qinling–Tongbai orogens. The Hong'an orogen records both the HP and UHP metamorphism of Triassic age, and collided continental margins contain both the juvenile and ancient crustal rocks. So do in the Qinling and Tongbai orogens. In contrast, only ancient crustal rocks were involved in the UHP metamorphism in the Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt, without involvement of the juvenile arc crust. On the other hand, the deformed and low-grade metamorphosed accretionary wedge was developed on the passive continental margin during subduction in the late Permian to early Triassic along the northern margin of the Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt, and it was developed on the passive oceanic margin during subduction in the early Paleozoic along the northern margin of the Qinling orogen.Three episodes of arc–continent collision are suggested to occur during the Paleozoic continental convergence between the SCB and NCB. The first episode of arc–continent collision is caused by northward subduction of the North Qinling unit beneath the Erlangping unit, resulting in UHP metamorphism at ca. 480–490 Ma and the accretion of the North Qinling unit to the NCB. The second episode of arc–continent collision is caused by northward subduction of the Prototethyan oceanic crust beneath an Andes-type continental arc, leading to granulite-facies metamorphism at ca. 420–430 Ma and the accretion of the Shangdan arc terrane to the NCB and reworking of the North Qinling, Erlangping and Kuanping units. The third episode of arc–continent collision is caused by northward subduction of the Paleotethyan oceanic crust, resulting in the HP eclogite-facies metamorphism at ca. 310 Ma in the Hong'an orogen and low-P metamorphism in the Qinling–Tongbai orogens as well as crustal accretion to the NCB. The closure of backarc basins is also associated with the arc–continent collision processes, with the possible cause for granulite-facies metamorphism. The massive continental subduction of the SCB beneath the NCB took place in the Triassic with the final continent–continent collision and UHP metamorphism at ca. 225–240 Ma. Therefore, the Qinling–Tongbai–Hong'an–Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt records the development of plate tectonics from oceanic subduction and arc-type magmatism to arc–continent and continent–continent collision.     

The effect of high temperature and high confining pressure on compressional wave velocities in quartz-bearing and quartz-free igneous and metamorphic rocks

Compressional wave velocities have been measured in granite, granulite, amphibolite and peridotite specimens under conditions of high temperature up to 700°C and confining pressures up to 6 kbar. In general, velocity increases with pressure and decreases with temperature.Quartz-bearing rocks show an anomalous behavior of their compressional wave velocities. The velocity—temperature relations exhibit a velocity-“deep” due to the high—low inversion of the constituent quartz crystals. The intrinsic effect of temperature on velocities is hard to determine due to thermal expansion and consequent loosening of the structure. The opening of new cracks and the widening of old cracks causes a large decrease in compressional wave velocities. The minimum pressure to prevent damage at a given temperature should, therefore, be about 1 kbar/100°C.The values obtained at these conditions are considered to be most nearly correct as intrinsic properties of the compact aggregates. Velocity anisotropies at high confining pressures and high temperatures correlate with preferred lattice orientation of the constituent minerals. The effect of dimensional orientation and microcracks on seismic anisotropy seems to be of minor importance in dry rocks. It is the more eliminated the higher the confining pressure. The data do not support the concept of a velocity maximum in depth of 10–20 km.     

中国桐柏大别构造带变质演化的岩石学证迹

桐柏大别构造带是秦岭造山带的东延部分，经历过多期次不同体制的构造运动，现今的桐柏大别山区是由一系列变质地体拼合而成，地体与地体之间为断层或韧性剪切带所围限各地体有自身变质变形史和PTt轨迹，但却有着碰撞造山带所共有的后造山抬升过程。本文揭示了随县群、红安岩群及大别杂岩中柯石英榴辉石、蓝晶铝直闪石片岩及紫苏石榴黑云母片麻岩的退变质再平衡结构特点。报道了大别山麻粒岩相变质年龄为1699Ma。各类岩石减压退变质再平衡结构，标志着后造山的隆升过程及其对桐柏大别构造带变质演化的启示。     

Constraints from phase equilibrium modeling and in -situ U-Pb dating of monazite.SCIEI北大核心CSCD

西秦岭天水北道地区位于西秦岭造山带北缘,地处秦岭造山带和祁连造山带的结合部位。近来,我们在该地区秦岭杂岩中识别出一套麻粒岩相岩石(石榴夕线黑云片麻岩),峰期矿物组合为石榴子石+钛铁矿+金红石+夕线石+钾长石+石英,相平衡模拟计算结果显示其峰期温压条件为P=1.02GPa,T=820℃,经历了进变质阶段以升温升压为特征,峰期之后以大致近等温降压为特征的顺时针P-T轨迹。独居石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学结果显示石榴夕线黑云片麻岩经历了~421Ma、~388Ma和368~362Ma三期构造热事件。结合独居石的产出位置,我们推测421Ma代表了麻粒岩相变质作用的时代,这与天水花庙地区获得的麻粒岩峰期年龄一致;388Ma近似代表了峰期之后大致近等温降压至固相线附近的年龄;368~362Ma与区域韧性剪切作用的时代一致,可能记录了与新阳-元龙韧性剪切变形作用相关的热事件的时代。结合区域地质资料和本研究成果(矿物演化特征、顺时针的P-T演化轨迹和独居石原位定年结果),我们推测西秦岭造山带北缘天水北道地区的麻粒岩可能是早古生代陆-陆碰撞造山过程的产物。     

大别地区的变质作用及与碰撞造山过程的关系

大别造山带从南到北可分为５个变质构造单元：扬子北缘蓝片岩带、突松变质杂岩带、南大虽碰撞杂岩带、北大别变质杂岩带和北淮阳变质带。各个变质构造单元中不同岩石的变质作用可划分为３种类型：（１）超高压型。以含柯石英（及金刚石）的榴辉岩为代表,仅见于南大别碰撞杂岩带中,这类岩石的ＰＴ轨迹反映洋壳Ｂ型俯冲的特点。（２）高压型。见于大别山南部的蓝片岩带、宿松变质杂岩带和南大别杂岩中的变质沉积岩及部分片麻岩中,与