含气量对水泥砂浆抗冻耐久性的影响

本文通过测试水泥砂浆在不同含气量情况下的孔结构及抗冻耐久性变化规律研究了含气量对水泥砂浆抗冻耐久性的影响,得到,含气量通过改变水泥砂浆内部孔结构参数从而影响抗冻耐久性,含气量越高,其改善水泥砂浆抗冻耐久性能力越高,但受强度因素的制约,含气量存在一个合理范围.为更好的阐述含气量对水泥砂浆抗冻性能的影响,利用已有连通孔隙受冻时冻结压力公式,转化推导了以含气量为变量的连通孔隙孔壁拉应力计算公式,通过理论计算与实验结果相比较,两者变化趋势基本一致,含气量越大,孔隙孔壁拉应力越小,水泥砂浆经受冻融循环次数越多,抗冻性能越好.     

引气混凝土抗氯离子渗透性及其微观孔结构

研究了不同混凝土含气量和水灰比下混凝土的抗压强度和氯离子扩散系数变化,以及相应的孔结构特性.结果表明:引气剂掺量影响混凝土的气泡分布和孔道连通性;适量引气剂有助于增加混凝土中独立、封闭、分布均匀、稳定的微小气泡数量,降低孔隙之间的连通性,进而提高混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,含气量为5%的C30混凝土的氯离子扩散系数仅为C30基准混凝土的69.52%,并且相对于C30混凝土,此效应对C50混凝土的作用的效果更加明显.     

孔隙对橡胶集料水泥砂浆弹性模量预测模型的影响

根据细观力学模型,将橡胶水泥砂浆看作是由橡胶、砂浆以及两者之间的过渡区界面组成的三相复合材料,将过渡区界面看作是由橡胶引入孔隙形成的高孔隙率砂浆层,将砂浆看作砂和水泥石组成的两相复合材料.考虑橡胶集料掺量的影响和不同粒径橡胶引气作用的差异,借鉴二元复合体弹性模量计算模型逐层分析计算橡胶水泥砂浆的弹性模量.对比橡胶集料水泥砂浆弹性模量的预测值和实验实测值的差别,验证了该预测模型的合理性.     

自养护路面混凝土抗盐冻性能及疲劳特性

为有效增强路面混凝土耐久性能,基于盐冻试验、盐冻前后的断裂性能试验及弯拉荷载疲劳试验,探索了高吸水性聚合物(SAP)自养护路面混凝土抗盐冻性能及疲劳特性随SAP掺量、粒径的变化规律,并结合自养护水泥浆体孔隙参数、微观形貌及骨料-水泥石界面过渡区(ITZ)特征,揭示了性能影响机理。结果表明:小粒径SAP形成的残留孔洞能有效释放拉应力,降低结冰点,细化孔结构,从而增强路面混凝土抗盐冻性能;当SAP粒径为100目(150 μm),掺量为0.145%(质量分数)时,路面混凝土在冻融30次时的断裂韧度损失率、断裂能损失率分别比基准组降低了25.25%、10.51%;小粒径SAP对疲劳寿命的提升程度随应力水平的提高而增大,当应力水平为0.80时,自养护组的疲劳寿命相比基准组提升了2.65倍;SAP能够有效提升水泥混凝土结构内部密实度,吸持ITZ区域部分水分,增强水泥石和骨料之间的粘结性,从而改善混凝土抗盐冻性能和疲劳特性。     

含气量对低温养护下混凝土早期实际强度及抗冻性能的影响研究

本文以低温(3±0.2)℃养护下引气混凝土为研究对象,采用压汞法、气孔分析法、快速冻融法测试了不同含气量低温养护下混凝土的孔隙结构及抗冻耐久性.结果表明:掺入引气剂,可使混凝土孔隙率、总孔体积、总孔面积增加,平均孔径、孔间距系数减小,孔径均匀分布,显著改善混凝土的内部孔隙结构,明显提高混凝土的抗冻耐久性.为更好的阐述含气量对混凝土实际强度的影响,本文通过测出的气孔结构,进一步推算出低温养护下混凝土的实际抗压强度,通过理论计算得出,随着含气量的增大,实际强度降低.     

养护温度对矿粉水泥石强度及细观结构影响研究

为研究不同养护温度下矿粉水泥石早期（28 d）强度及细观孔结构分布特征,设定水泥石的水灰比为0．24,以掺入不等量的矿粉为掺合料,分别将水泥试块在－3℃和20℃条件下养护28 d,测定水泥石的抗压强度,用孔结构分析仪对细观孔结构进行分析,并通过水泥石的孔隙结构计算水泥石的实际抗压强度,对比分析其规律。结果表明：矿粉掺量相同时,－3℃养护下水泥石较20℃养护下水泥石早期抗压强度明显降低,水泥石硬化后含气量变小,孔间距系数和气孔平均弦长增大,孔径粗化严重;随着矿粉掺量的增多,水泥石早期抗压强度呈下降趋势,水泥石硬化后含气量增大,孔间距系数和气孔平均弦长增大,其中－3℃养护下的水泥石孔间距系数、气孔平均弦长和早期抗压强度变化趋势较20℃养护下变化明显。     

纳米硅溶胶对水泥砂浆力学性能的影响及其作用机理初探

在水泥基材料中掺入不同pH值的纳米硅溶胶,研究了其对水泥胶砂力学性能的作用规律,并通过XRD、SEM微观测试手段分析了硅溶胶中纳米SiO2的火山灰活性及其对水泥石微观结构的影响.研究结果表明:酸性、中性及碱性硅溶胶在适当掺量下可提高水泥砂浆的力学性质、改善水泥石的微观结构;酸性和中性硅溶胶在碱性条件下极易团聚,纳米二氧化硅粒子的火山灰效应难以充分发挥,在最佳掺量下其对水泥砂浆的增强效果不及碱性硅溶胶.     

安全型真空玻璃构件功能一体化优化设计

为满足建筑用安全型真空玻璃构件的开发及工程应用推广之需要,研究了真空玻璃结构优化设计所涉及的力学基础理论。根据真空玻璃构件结构特点,建立力学模型,分析了真空玻璃构件在大气压作用下支撑应力分布特征及计算公式。结果表明:大气压作用下真空玻璃构件最大弯曲拉应力分布在支撑部位玻璃外表面处,当支撑力超过其临界载荷时,会导致接触点附近玻璃锥形裂纹的产生;根据均强度理论,得到了玻璃基片在不产生压痕下支撑物的最大临界支撑力计算公式;给出了持久应力作用下真空玻璃基片的强度设计值,其中钢化玻璃的为44.40MPa,普通浮法玻璃的为8.19MPa。综合真空玻璃构件应力分布特征及传热机理,优化了真空玻璃构件设计,使其达到最佳"热学与力学"配置。     

-3℃下粉煤灰对水泥水化和水泥石微观孔结构影响的试验研究

通过水泥水化放热试验和水泥石孔结构分析试验,研究持续-3℃下28 d龄期时水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对水泥水化和水泥石孔结构的影响,分析微观孔结构和水泥水化之间的关系,探究粉煤灰对水泥石微观孔结构的作用机理.试验结果表明,在持续-3℃下,水泥水化程度随着水胶比的增加而增大,水泥石含气量和平均孔径也随着水胶比的增大而增大,在一定的水胶比下,随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,水泥浆28 d龄期水化程度逐渐降低,同时,相较于纯水泥浆体,掺入粉煤灰后,水泥石28 d龄期含气量、平均孔径都有一定程度的升高,且粉煤灰掺量越大,升高幅度越大.     

含水量对两种配合比水泥砂浆抗拉性能影响的对比试验研究

为研究含水量对水泥砂浆抗拉性能的影响,采用"8"字模试验方法对两种配合比下三种含水量(饱和度分别为0％、50％、100％)共60个水泥砂浆试件进行了单轴拉伸试验.试验结果表明:不同含水量下水泥砂浆的应力应变曲线都为单峰曲线,没有屈服阶段,均表现出脆性材料特征;水泥砂浆的应力随着应变的增加逐渐增大,达到峰值应力后试件发生破坏;随着含水量的增加,水泥砂浆的抗拉强度、峰值应变以及韧性皆呈现出先减小后增大的特点;同完全干燥状态下的水泥砂浆相比,饱和度为50％的水泥砂浆峰值应变、抗拉强度以及韧性分别降低了22％、42％、50％;完全饱和状态下水泥砂浆的峰值应变增大了30％,抗拉强度和韧性分别降低了27％和24％.通过比较两种不同配合比下(水灰比为0.55和0.45)水泥砂浆的抗拉性能,发现水灰比不同时,含水量对水泥砂浆抗拉性能的影响相似,验证了试验结果的准确性.     

焦炭灰分,硫分数学模型的建立

应用计算机软件,从大量生产数据中统计焦炭灰分、硫分预测模型。利用工程分析的允许误差,对数据库分组段进行了极差及DIXON检验,得出了更具代表性的预测模型。     

低甲醛含量六羟基树脂植绒胶黏剂的研究

作为一种植绒胶黏剂,六羟基树脂胶黏剂因甲醛含量偏高而受到诸多限制。对六羟基树脂植绒胶黏剂的低甲醛化进行了研究。结果显示,以三聚氰胺和甲醛作为原料,采用3次投料法,并进行甲醚化可使所得胶黏剂甲醛含量降低至0.2%,含固量达到80%(质量分数),且耐干磨性、耐湿磨性及水溶性均良好。     

HANDBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL DRYING

Papermaking is a massive dehydration operation. Thermal removal of moisture which can not be removed mechanically is a key process stage in papermaking. It is well known that it is a highly energy intensive step. However, it is less readily recognized that it also influences some of the most important physical, optical or functional properties of the product. With the advent of new drying technologies- some already commercialized while some still at pilot or laboratory stage - it is increasingly important to devote attention to the interaction between the drying conditions and the final product quality as measured by generally accepted standard test results. Aside from the drying parameters one must also examine paper/pulp parameters in the hope of achieving in the long term some predictive capability as well as drying-quality effects. This bibliography is selective in coverage and is compiled to ease the task of the interested reader in locating appropriate references covering his/her areas of interest.. Some general observations are made on the basis of the literature cited.

important problem.This is influenced by the composition and characteristics of the coating colour and raw stock and also by the type and rate of drying.

The following selected bibliography covers the effect of drying on pulp, paper and paperboard properties. Some available literature on coated paper drying is also included. It is encouraging to note a trend towards considering the effect of drying on the product quality as an integral part of drying R&;D projects. Earlier, the drying work was confined to optimising only the heat and mass transfer parameters. It should be noted also that this bibliography includes a substantial number of publications which are not in english. The availability of their translations into english is not known to the authors.

It is noteworthy that an international symposium - The Helsinki Symposium on Alternate Drying Technologies will be held in Helsinki in June 1991 to discuss the competing new drying technologies from the papermakers viewpoint.     

聚乙烯纤维增强有机玻璃复合材料性能影响因素的研究

通过真空浸渍法，成功制备出聚乙烯纤维增强有机玻璃（UHMWPE/PMMA）复合材料，就纤维含量以及孔隙率等对材料性能的影响进行了初步研究，重点探讨了孔隙率对复合材料的影响。     

HPLC法测小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒含量及含量均匀度

建立了小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量及含量均匀度测定方法。采用HPLC,以Phenom enex Luna C18为色谱柱,乙腈：0.3%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液：磷酸（60：40：0.02）（用三乙胺调节pH值至3.3±0.1）为流动相;检测波长为224nm。测得马来酸氯苯那敏在0.02019~2.0190μg（R=0.9999）范围内呈线性关系,平均回收率为98.1%（RSD=1.2%）。测定方法简便,准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

PEAR DRYING PROCESS ANALYSIS: DRYING RATES AND EVOLUTION OF WATER AND SUGAR CONCENTRATIONS IN SPACE AND TIME

ABSTRACT

Dried pears are produced in Portugal by a traditional solar drying process and, because they represent unquestionable regional economic interest, some studies are being conducted in order to convert their production to industrial drying methods. In this work the main mass transfer phenomena occurring during drying of pears are investigated. Experiments were carried out to determine the time evolution of the radial profiles of water and sugar content. The drying rates were also studied at constant drying temperatures of 30, 40 and 50°C. The results enable to conclude that the concentration profiles of water and sugar, both in space and time, follow an expected pattern if one takes into account the rates of water removal and the diffusion mechanisms. These also allow to explain why the sugar concentration increases in the periphery of the fruit. The drying rate curves obtained are typical, with the drying process at 30°C being more gradual but also much slower than that at 50°C.     

高分子量聚氯乙烯树脂增塑,填充体系的物理力学性能研究

本文研究聚合度及增塑剂、填充剂用量对高分子量聚氯乙烯（ＨＭＷＰＶＣ）树脂物理力学性能的影响规律，并将国内外ＨＭＷＰＶＣ树脂以及ＨＭＷＰＶＣ与通用型ＰＶＣ树脂进行了性能对比。结果表明，ＨＭＷＰＶＣ增塑、填充体系的拉什强度、撕裂强度冲击回弹性及压缩永久形变等物理力学性能均随聚合度的提高而有所增加，而且各项性能均优于通用型ＰＶＣ树脂，可有效地用作橡胶代用品。分子量相同的国内外ＨＭＷＰＶＣ树脂物理力学性能基本相同。但是，后者随着增塑剂用量的增加，弹性比前者有所提高；随着填充剂用量的增加，性能变化比前者缓慢．增加填充剂用量以降低制品的体积成本。笔者还时两者物理力学性能的差异与颗粒形态之间的关系进行了探讨。     

PEAR DRYING PROCESS ANALYSIS: DRYING RATES AND EVOLUTION OF WATER AND SUGAR CONCENTRATIONS IN SPACE AND TIME

Dried pears are produced in Portugal by a traditional solar drying process and, because they represent unquestionable regional economic interest, some studies are being conducted in order to convert their production to industrial drying methods. In this work the main mass transfer phenomena occurring during drying of pears are investigated. Experiments were carried out to determine the time evolution of the radial profiles of water and sugar content. The drying rates were also studied at constant drying temperatures of 30, 40 and 50°C. The results enable to conclude that the concentration profiles of water and sugar, both in space and time, follow an expected pattern if one takes into account the rates of water removal and the diffusion mechanisms. These also allow to explain why the sugar concentration increases in the periphery of the fruit. The drying rate curves obtained are typical, with the drying process at 30°C being more gradual but also much slower than that at 50°C.     

重催油浆磺化制磺化沥青工艺条件研究

本实验用重催油浆经磺化、中和反应合成磺化沥青类产品。考察、优化了油浆磺化的原料、工艺条件,用中国石油天然气总公司钻井工程局企业标准《钻井液用磺化沥青-FT1》分析方法,对各种工艺条件下的油浆磺化产品的磺酸钠含量、油溶物、水溶物含量进行了测定比较,找到了油浆磺化制磺化沥青类产品的最佳工艺条件。     

胡萝卜真空油炸脱水工艺和优化研究

研究了不同预处理条件哒展油炸温度、真空度、时间对胡萝卜脆片品质的影响。通过响应面分析可知：油炸温度、真空度以及时间显著影响胡萝卜片中水分与脂肪含量以及脆度（P≤0．05）;其最佳油炸工艺为温度100℃-110℃、真空度0．08—0．09MPa、时间15min。