Automation Studio在液压系统设计中的应用

介绍面向系统原理图的液压系统仿真软件Automation Studio。以捞油车液压驱动系统设计为例,在Automation Studio平台下进行模拟,对两变幅液压缸的压力、加速度及其机械特性进行研究,并在Bosch Rexroth实验台安装、调试系统,相关参数测试结果与软件模拟结果基本相同。表明这种仿真方法能准确地模拟实际系统的工作状态,简化建模和参数调节过程,为液压系统设计及动态特性研究提供一种好方法。     

基于Automation Studio铲运机转向液压系统设计

以ACY-6型地下铲运机液压转向系统为研究对象,该系统采用铰接液压转向系统,转向液压系统与工作液压系统采用双泵合流技术,分析该系统的工作原理,并对动作执行机构及所受载荷进行分析,在此基础上,应用Automation Studio仿真软件搭建转向液压系统机械-液压耦合仿真模型,对系统动态工作过程进行仿真,获取了原地转向工况下转向系统与执行机构的特性曲线,为实现该种车辆液压转向系统的优化设计获得理论参考和技术支撑,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于刚柔耦合建模的挖掘机动态性能仿真研究

针对挖掘机工作装置刚柔耦合变形对液压控制系统动态特性的影响，结合虚拟样机建模和联合仿真技术进行动态特性研究。利用UG软件建立某型号挖掘机三维模型，通过有限元软件柔性化处理后导入ADAMS动力学分析软件中，构建挖掘机工作装置刚柔耦合虚拟样机。利用AMESim软件和负载敏感原理，建立挖掘机工作装置闭环液压控制系统。通过软件联合构造挖掘机机电液一体化的刚柔耦合仿真模型。针对挖掘机典型挖掘工况和重载举升工况下的运动轨迹进行仿真研究，结果表明：基于刚柔耦合建模的挖掘机液压控制系统动态稳定性较强，重载工况最大位置误差小于0.01 m,位置精度较高，实现了挖掘机刚柔耦合一体化建模仿真。     

装载机偏载工况工作过程联合仿真与试验

为了分析装载机在偏载工作过程中的能量消耗情况,首先使用Pro/E软件建立了装载机工作装置的三维模型,将其导入SimulationX仿真软件中建立了装载机的动力学模型,同时使用该仿真软件建立了装载机工作装置液压系统模型,进一步建立了装载机联合仿真模型。然后对工作过程各个工作部件能量消耗情况进行了仿真和试验研究,通过比较仿真与试验结果,验证了所建立装载机工作装置机液联合仿真模型的准确性。结果表明：偏载工况下,多路阀的能量损失占52%;多路阀在一个工作循环中消耗能量最大,主要是中位卸荷损失。该研究为装载机液压控制系统节能设计提供了参考。     

装载机偏载工况工作过程联合仿真与试验（英文）

为了分析装载机在偏载工作过程中的能量消耗情况,首先使用Pro/E软件建立了装载机工作装置的三维模型,将其导入Simulation X仿真软件中建立了装载机的动力学模型,同时使用该仿真软件建立了装载机工作装置液压系统模型,进一步建立了装载机联合仿真模型。然后对工作过程各个工作部件能量消耗情况进行了仿真和试验研究,通过比较仿真与试验结果,验证了所建立装载机工作装置机液联合仿真模型的准确性。结果表明:偏载工况下,多路阀的能量损失占52%;多路阀在一个工作循环中消耗能量最大,主要是中位卸荷损失。该研究为装载机液压控制系统节能设计提供了参考。     

基于负载口独立控制的挖掘机动臂系统节能研究

针对传统挖掘机动臂液压系统能耗大、势能利用低等问题,以挖掘机动臂为研究对象,设计基于负载口独立控制的动臂液压系统。在主动型负载工况缩回工况下,对动臂液压系统进行了压力-流量特性分析,获得阀口开度与活塞杆速度的关系;采用机械动力学仿真软件ADAMS和液压系统仿真软件AMESim,分别建立传统动臂液压系统和基于负载口独立控制的动臂液压系统联合仿真模型,并对2种动臂液压系统在主动型负载工况缩回工况进行联合仿真分析。仿真结果表明：2种动臂液压系统都能获得较为线性的活塞杆运动速度,而且与传统动臂液压系统相比,基于负载口独立控制的动臂液压系统的势能利用率明显提高,提高了约44.3%。     

基于机液联合仿真技术的液压挖掘机工作装置性能分析与研究

基于液压挖掘机工作装置机械系统和液压系统高度耦合特点,提出了一种机液联合仿真方法,分别建立了其机械系统和液压系统模型,运用计算机联合仿真与集成优化技术,实现了机械系统和液压系统的联合仿真,获得了工作装置的动态性能,提高了建模与仿真效率,将系统的控制信号与跟踪信号进行了对比,验证了联合仿真的精确性和可靠性。     

基于AMESim与ADAMS的超静定液压支架液压系统联合仿真

为了分析超静定液压支架的承载能力,通过机械结构和液压系统两个方面进行研究,运用AMESim和ADAMS机液联合仿真的方法。在ADAMS中对液压支架进行动力学建模,并导出模块接口,然后在AMESim中建立液压支架的联合仿真模型。对液压支架进行了多种工况的仿真分析。分析结果表明:超静定液压支架不论从机械结构和液压系统方面都能抵抗不同条件下的工作载荷,满足煤矿下的使用要求。     

液压模式冲压空气涡轮系统联合仿真研究

冲压空气涡轮系统(RAT)是飞机的应急能源设备，在相对气流的作用下为飞机提供应急能源。为研究液压模式RAT启动性能、动态调速新能及应急能源输出特性，分析液压模式RAT工作原理，分别在Motion和AMESim环境中建立液压模式RAT的动力学模型和液压仿真模型。通过构建两模型之间的接口文件，建立了液压模式RAT的联合仿真模型，实现了动力学与液压的联合仿真。仿真结果与理论分析一致，验证了联合仿真方法的可行性，为液压模式RAT的设计和仿真分析提供了一种方法。     

基于摆缸关节的液压机械臂运动学及工作空间分析

针对传统机械臂输出转矩较小的问题,设计了基于叶片式液压摆动油缸(摆缸)作为关节的6自由度液压机械臂,该液压机械臂具有诸多优势,其最大的优点是具有很高的负重比。运用改进的D-H法建立了该液压机械臂的运动学模型,得出其正运动学方程。在MATLAB中进行了液压机械臂的轨迹规划仿真,得到了各关节转角的特性曲线,验证了液压机械臂结构设计的合理性。利用蒙特卡洛法分析计算了其工作空间,借助MATLAB绘制了其末端执行器的工作空间云图,为今后液压机械臂的深入研究提供了重要依据。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.