一种风电设备发电机底座组对焊接工装的设计与应用

本文介绍了一种风电设备发电机底座组对焊接工装的设计与应用情况。首先介绍了设计原理;其次介绍了基本结构,具体的制作方法;最后介绍了具体实施方法及应用前景等。     

基于比例阀和伺服阀的恒减速液压站的研究

本文分介绍了液压制动系统在煤矿上的应用情况,对二级制动时减速度进行了简单的分析,并介绍了二级制动和恒减速制动的工作原理和它们的区别。简要介绍了电液比例阀和伺服阀各自的原理和区别。针对E141A液压站介绍了恒减速液压站的基本组成和主要作用,然后简要介绍了该液压站在工作制动时的电气控制原理和液压原理。最后主要介绍了安全制动的工作过程,并介绍了他的电气和液压系统的控制原理。     

西门子810数控系统维修实例

本文简单介绍了西门子810系统的基本构成，详细介绍了一些影响数控系统正常工作的原因，并且介绍了诊断这些故障的一些方法和实际经验。其中第一部分介绍了两例由于机床为数控系统供电的电源出现问题而影响系统的正常工作的故障处理过程，第二部分介绍了7例引起系统死机故障的处理过程，第三部分介绍了系统出现的11号报警和22号报警的处理过程。     

国产首条绿色环保型自动镀锌生产线介绍及WP321称重模块的应用

本文首先介绍了国内热镀锌行业的现状,其次介绍了欧洲热镀锌业的现状及发展,然后介绍了绿色环保型自动生产线的组成模块及WP321称重模块在其中的应用,最后介绍了自动生产线技术的实现工艺。     

恶臭污染及其治理技术

本文介绍了恶臭的来源及危害,并介绍了恶臭的治理技术、重点介绍了亚臭生物汉理技术的发展及应用。     

IC卡计费水表的设计

本文介绍了一种ＩＣ卡计费水表的设计方法,重点介绍了水表的硬件与软件结构,并结合实际,介绍了水表的应用。     

基于ActiveX技术的LabVIEW与Word通信实现

本文介绍了一种使用ActiveX技术完成LabVIEW与Word通信的方法.文中首先介绍了相关的概念,然后对LabVIEW中通过ActiveX调用Word进行了介绍,介绍了常用Word对象模型,并对Word文档在LabVIEW中的显示以及LabVIEW对Word事件的响应进行了详细介绍,最后在前文基础上给出了一个较完整的实例具体阐述了使用ActiveX实现LabVIEW与Word通信的实现方法。     

悬臂式张力传感器的应用介绍

本文主要介绍了一种悬臂式张力传感器,介绍了该种传感器的设计注意要点和安装使用的注意事项,并对张力的计算公式进行了介绍。     

第五届国际电子测试与测量专业研讨会

在2005年秋季（第66届）全国电子产品展览会期间。主办单位在上海新国际博览中心举办了电子测试与测量专业研讨会。会上，中国工程院院士张钟华先生介绍了“‘十一五’电子测试与测量技术的发展”、美国吉时利公司介绍了“半导体器件特性测试的新技术”、日本横河公司介绍了“高性能便捷的电子元件测试技术”、美国NI公司介绍了“高效、模块化的消费电子测试解决方案”、凌华集团介绍了“PXI系统于各式量测应用开发环境中的实际案例”、北京航天测控公司介绍了“故障诊断技术研究与应用”、赛宝实验室介绍了“电磁兼容测试仪器的计量校准”、南京长盛公司介绍了“电子设备（电器设备）的防触电措施和安全测试（试验）”等。     

激光打标机的发展趋势及其控制系统设计

首先介绍了激光打标机的产生背景、发展趋势以及应用状况,然后介绍了激光打标机的结构,最后重点介绍了嵌入式激光打标机控制器的总体设计及其部件组成。     

The intracellular distribution of ions and water in rat liver and heart muscle

Local dry mass concentrations of intracellular compartments in rat heart muscle and liver cells were estimated by quantitative electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis of ultrathin frozen-dried cryosections. The results were used to calculate elemental concentrations per litre of compartment water from the X-ray microanalytical data. Water fractions were between 80.3 ± 1.3% of wet weight in the decondensed chromatin and only 45.1 ± 1.7% in mitochondria of liver cells. The lowest water fraction in heart muscle cells was also found in mitochondria. The ionic concentrations found in the cytoplasm of liver cells and in the myofibrils are in accord with the electroneutrality rule and in osmotic equilibrium with the extracellular concentrations. The concentrations of Na, K, Cl and P both in the cytoplasm and in the regions of decondensed chromatin within the nuclei were found to be equal. However, in regions of condensed chromatin K⁺ concentrations were found to be much higher than expected for a Donnan distribution of ions free in solution. Most probably the activity coefficient for K⁺ is lower in the condensed chromatin than in the decondensed or in the cytoplasm. The same holds true for the A-band as compared to the I-band in heart muscle cells. A sequestration of K⁺ was measured also in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of hepatocytes. The Cl^? concentration in mitochondria both in heart muscle and liver cells has been measured far in excess of what might be expected from a Nernstian distribution. A coupled inward Cl^? transport in mitochondria must, therefore, be assumed.     

Role of nerve growth factor in the olfactory system

Olfactory neurons are unique in the mammalian nervous system because of their capacity to regenerate in adult animals. It has been shown that olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory epithelium are replaced on a continuous basis and in response to injury throughout the life span of most species. NGF, which is one of the neurotrophic factors, is present in many areas of the central and peripheral nervous system. It has been shown that NGF in the olfactory bulb plays a role in the survival of cholinergic neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB). Recent studies of NGF in the olfactory bulb suggest that it is involved in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of olfactory receptor cells. In this study, we review reports examining the relationship between NGF in the olfactory bulb and neuronal regeneration and development in the mammalian olfactory systems. Low- and high-affinity NGF receptor immunoreactivity is markedly expressed during regeneration and at different stages of development in the mouse olfactory system. This level of immunoreactivity is no longer present after completion of regeneration and at maturation. Other findings indicate that NGF injected into the olfactory bulb is transported retrogradely to the olfactory epithelium. It has also been shown that continuous anti-NGF antibody injection into the olfactory bulb causes degeneration and olfactory dysfunction. Administration of NGF directory into nasal cavity results in an increase in the expression of olfactory marker protein within the olfactory epithelium in axotomized rats. These findings suggested that the presence of NGF in the olfactory bulb plays an essential role in regeneration, maintenance, and development in the olfactory system of mammals.     

Gender-related changes in the avian vasotocin system during ontogeny

The arginine vasotocin (AVT) system of the avian brain includes a sexually dimorphic part that extends from the caudal part of preoptic region through the medial part of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BSTm) to the lateral septum. It is composed of the parvocellular neurons located in the BSTm and the dense innervation of the medial preoptic region and lateral septum. In this part of the brain, AVT expression is stronger in males than in females in a few bird species investigated to date. This review focuses on the ontogeny of sexual differences in the vasotocinergic system of two gallinaceous species, domestic chicken and Japanese quail, and on the role of gonadal hormones in organizing during development and maintaining in adulthood these differences. Parvocellular AVT neurons become discernible in the BSTm of males and females during the second half of embryonic development. These cells undergo a profound and irreversible sexual differentiation during ontogenetic development. Recent findings demonstrate a dual role of estrogens in the organization and activation of sex differences in the AVT system. During the embryonic period of ontogeny, estrogens differentiate the AVT system in a sexually dimorphic manner in parallel with the differentiation of sexual behavior, while in adulthood estrogens, locally produced from testosterone in the male brain, activate AVT synthesis in the BSTm. The sexually dimorphic part of the AVT system is sensitive to a number of abiotic factors such as light, temperature, and water availability. It is suggested that sex dimorphic vasotocinergic systems could be implicated in processes of social recognition in various behavioral contexts.     

Ciliary neurotrophic factor increases the survival of magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in rat supraoptic nucleus in organotypic cultures.

Organotypic cultures of the rat hypothalamus are very useful models for the long-term study of parvocellular vasopressin (VP) neurons in the paraventricular (PVN) and suprachiasmatic (SCN) nuclei. However, they do not preserve significant numbers of VP magnocellular neurons (VP-MCNs) in either the PVN or the supraoptic nucleus (SON). Vutskits et al. [(1998) Neuroscience 87:571-582] reported that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was a selective survival factor for rat VP-MCNs in organotypic cultures of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We examined the effects of CNTF on the survival of these neurons in rat and mouse SONs. CNTF (10 ng/ml) in the culture media increased the survival of VP-MCNs by 6-fold and OT-MCNs by 3-fold. In the mouse, both OT- and VP-MCNs survive very well in organotypic cultures under standard culture conditions and the addition of CNTF had no further effect. Consistent with these results, in situ hybridization showed substantially higher levels of VP- and OT-mRNA in rat PVNs and SONs in the presence of CNTF, but produced no changes in these nuclei in the mouse. The optimum period for the survival effect of CNTF on MCNs in the rat hypothalamic cultures was in the first 7-10 days of culture and this effect is maintained for at least 5 additional days if CNTF is then removed from the medium. Therefore, using CNTF in the culture media can provide an opportunity for long-term studies of rat VP- and OT-MCNs in SONs in organotypic cultures.     

储能飞轮的压应力增强技术研究

通过理论计算，研究了采用在飞轮上预制残余应力的方法提高飞轮储能能力的可行性，并采用局部不均匀冷却温度场技术，有效地改变了飞轮中的应力分布状态，提高了飞轮的储能能力。     

A synchrotron X-ray study of the changes occurring in the corneal stroma during processing for electron microscopy

Using a high-intensity synchrotron X-ray source, the structural changes occurring in the corneal stroma were monitored during each stage of several different processing runs for the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The parameters studied were interfibrillar spacing, intermolecular spacing, D-periodicity and fibril diameter. The processing schedule that produced the least changes in spacings for TEM specimens involved extended fixation in glutaraldehyde followed by low-temperature embedding in Lowicryl K4M resin. However, interfibrillar material was better preserved after embedding in LR White resin or Nanoplast. Almost every processing stage for electron microscopy produced significant changes in one or more structural parameters in the cornea. Glutaraldehyde fixation significantly increased the intermolecular spacings, while resin infiltration and resin polymerization each resulted in shrinkage of all the spacings monitored. Critical-point drying for SEM specimens resulted in considerable shrinkage in all three spacings, but was still preferable to air drying, which caused reduction in the order of the fibril packing, resulting in loss of the interfibrillar X-ray pattern. Perhaps the most drastic effect was caused by post-fixation in osmium tetroxide, which resulted in loss of the intermolecular pattern, and also increased the amount of shrinkage in the interfibrillar spacings and the D-periodicity which occurred during later stages of processing.     

Immunolocalization of S100-like protein in the brain of an emerging model organism: Nothobranchius furzeri

The S100 protein in nervous tissue appears to play important roles in regulating neuronal differentiation, glial proliferation, plasticity, development, axonal growth, and in neurogenetic processes. In fish, the adult neurogenic activity is much higher than in mammals. In this study, the localization of S100 protein was investigated in the brain of annual teleost fish, Nothobranchius furzeri, which is an emerging model organism for aging research. By immunohistochemical techniques, S100 immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in glial cells, small neurons, and fibers throughout all regions of central nervous system (CNS) with different pattern of distribution. In the telencephalon, S100 IR was seen in the olfactory bulbs and in different areas of the telencephalic hemispheres. In the diencephalon, S100 positivity was observed in the habenular nuclei of the epithalamus, in the cortical thalamic nucleus, in the dorsal, ventral and caudal portions, the latter with the posterior recessus nucleus, and in the diffuse inferior lobe of the hypothalamus, along the diencephalic ventricle and in the dorsal optic tract. In the mesencephalon, S100 IR was observed in the longitudinal tori, in the optic tectum, and along the mesencephalic ventricle. In the rhombencephalon, S100 IR was shown in valvula and body of the cerebellum, and in some nuclei of the medulla oblongata. The results suggest that S100 may play a key role in the maintenance of the CNS and in neurogenesis processes in the adulthood.     

Immunohistochemistry of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and protein nitration in the striatum of the aged rat

To ascertain the possible implications of the nitric oxide (NO*) producing system in striatal senescence, and by using immunohistochemistry and image-processing approaches, we describe the presence of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical marker, and nitrotyrosine-derived complexes (N-Tyr) in the striatum of adult and aged rats. The results showed neuronal NOS immunoreactive (nNOS-IR) aspiny medium-sized neurons and nervous fibres in both age groups, with no variation in the percentage of immunoreactive area but a significant decrease in the intensity and in the number of somata with age, which were not related to the observed increase with age of the striatal bundles of the white matter. In addition, NADPH-d activity was detected in neurons with morphology similar to that of the nNOS-IR cells; a decrease in the percentage of area per field and in the number of cells, but an increase in the intensity of staining for the NADPH-d histochemical marker, were detected with age. The number of neuronal NADPH-d somata was higher than for the nNOS-IR ones in both age groups. Moreover, N-Tyr-IR complexes were observed in cells (neurons and glia) and fibres, with a significant increase in the percentage of the area of immunoreaction, related to the increase of white matter, but a decrease in intensity for the aged group. On the other hand, we did not detect the inducible isoform (iNOS) either in adult or in aged rats. Taken together, these results support the contention that NADPH-d staining is not such an unambiguous marker for nNOS, and that increased protein nitration may participate in striatal aging.     

Podocyte electrophysiology,in vivo and in vitro

Podocytes are the most differentiated cell types in the glomerulus, which have been assumed to participate in the regulation of the ultrafiltration coefficient K(f). In podocytes in vivo and in vitro vasoactive agonists, such as angiotensin II and acetylcholine, increase the free cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration via a release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and an influx of Ca(2+) from the extracellular space. An increase of the cytosolic Ca(2+) in podocytes activates Cl(-) channels in podocytes in vivo and in vitro, resulting in a depolarization of podocytes. In vitro studies have shown that in addition to Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels, cAMP-activated Cl(-) channels and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels are present in cultured podocytes. The characterization of the signaling pathways that regulate ion channels in podocytes may be important in the understanding of the regulation of the ultrafiltration coefficient K(f). This review summarizes the currently known electrophysiological properties of podocytes.     

基于质谱技术的代谢组学在体外药物肝毒性评价中的研究进展

药物肝毒性是药物安全性评价的重要内容之一，研发早期对药物及其代谢产物潜在的肝毒性进行准确预测和评价，可以提高药物研发的成功率。将代谢组学技术与体外细胞模型相结合，以细胞代谢表型的变化为指标直接反映药物的毒性效应及毒性机制，能够改善临床前药物肝毒性的预测准确性，在药物肝毒性筛选研究中极具应用价值和发展潜力。本文综述了目前肝毒性研究中的细胞模型与培养方法，介绍了三维细胞培养模型在体外研究中的优势，并总结了基于质谱技术的代谢组学研究在体外细胞模型中的分析策略及其在药物肝毒性评价中的应用，其中基于质谱成像技术的空间分辨代谢组学方法在体外细胞模型研究中具有独特优势，有望发展成为体外肝毒性研究的有力工具。