应用降膜结晶法将十二烷二酸从同系物中分离及精制

Separation and purification of dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) from its homologous compounds were studied experimentally by falling film crystallization (FFC). The influences of various operation parameters, including crystallizing time, flow rate of melt and temperature of glycerine bath, on purity of DDDA and crystallizing rate were investigated. Over 99% (by mole) DDDA was obtained for a feed composition of 96% (by mole). The main factors affecting the separation efficiency are flow rate of melt and temperature of glycerine bath. The crystallizing layer of DDDA was further purified by sweating and blasting. A set of optimized operation data are provided for better understanding the mechanism of heat and mass transfer in FFC, and for further industrial application of DDDA purification process.     

应用降膜结晶法将十二烷二酸从同系物中分离及精制

Separation and purification of dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) from its homologous compounds were studied experimentally by falling film crystallization (FFC). The influences of various operation parameters, including crystallizing time, flow rate of melt and temperature of glycerine bath, on purity of DDDA and crystallizing rate were investigated. Over 99% (by mole) DDDA was obtained for a feed composition of 96% (by mole). The main factors affecting the separation efficiency are flow rate of melt and temperature of glycerine bath. The crystallizing layer of DDDA was further purified by sweating and blasting. A set of optimized operation data are provided for better understanding the mechanism of heat and mass transfer in FFC, and for further industrial application of DDDA purification process.     

液相合成甲醇催化剂活性的研究

The effects of reduction procedure, reaction temperature and composition of feed gas on the activity of a CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst for liquid phase methanol synthesis were studied. An optimized procedure different from conventional ones was developed to obtain higher activity and better stability of the catalyst. Both CO and CO2 in the feed gas were found to be necessary to maintain the activity of catalyst in the synthesis process. Reaction temperature was limited up to 523K, otherwise the catalyst will be deactivated rapidly. Experimental results show that the catalyst deactivation is caused by sintering and fouling, and the effects of CO and CO2 on the catalyst activity are also investigated. The experimental results indicate that the formation of water in the methanol synthesis is negligible when the feed gas contains both CO and CO2. The mechanism for liquid-phase methanol synthesis was discussed and it differed slightly from that for gas-phase synthesis.     

快速纯化在大肠杆菌中表达的增强型绿色荧光蛋白

As an excellent reporter molecule, enhanced green fluorescent protein （eGFP） was widely used for gene expression and regulation and was generally expressed in Escherichia coli strain. A rapid procedure consisting of ammonium sulfate precipitation, size exclusion chromatography, and anion exchange chromatography was developed for the purification of eGFP. Based on the proposed procedure, recombinant eGFP with an electrophoretic purity was achieved in combination with an overall yield of 66% and a purification factor of 17.9. The fluorescent spectrometry of purified eGFP and lysate from E. coli strain expressing eGFP exhibited the same wavelength of excitation and emission maxima, indicating that the purification procedure did not influence the construct and fluorescent characteristics of desired protein. The procedure mentioned was easy to scale up for the purification of large quantities of eGFP.     

Ceramic Supported PDMS and PEGDA Composite Membranes for CO2 Separation

Composite membranes have attracted increasing attentions owing to their potential applications for CO2 separation. In this work, ceramic supported polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） and poly （ethylene glycol） diacrylate （PEGDA） composite membranes were prepared. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of the compos- ite membranes were characterized. Preparation conditions were systematically optimized. The gas separation performance of the as-prepared membranes was studied by pure gas and binary gas permeation measurement of CO〉 N2 and H〉 Experiments showed that PDMS, as silicone rubber, exhibited larger permeance and lower separation factors. Conversely, PEGDA composite membrane presented smaller gas permeance but higher ideal selectivity for CO2/N2. Compared to the performance of those membranes using polymeric supports or freestanding membranes, the two kinds of ceramic supported composite membranes exhibited higher gas permeance and acceptable selectivity. Therefore, the ceramic supported composite membrane can be expected as a candidate for CO2 separation from light gases.     

牛奶中分离的乳酸菌CGMCC1306中谷氨酸脱羧酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

A Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC 1306 isolated from fresh milk without pasteurization was found to have higher glutamate decarboxylase （GAD） activity. An effective isolation and purification procedure of GAD from a cell-free extract of Lactobacillus brevis was developed, and the procedure included four steps： 30%-90% saturation （NH4）2SO4 fractional precipitation, Q sepharose FF anion-exchange chromatography, sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, and resource Q anion-exchange chromatography. Using this protocol, the purified GAD was demonstrated to possess electrophoretic homogeneity via SDS-PAGE. The purification fold and activity recovery of GAD were 43.78 and 16.95%, respectively. The molecular weight of the purified GAD was estimated to be approximately 62 kDa via SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified GAD were 4.4 and 37℃, respectively. The purified GAD had a half-life of 50rain at 45℃ and the Km value of the enzyme from Lineweaver-Burk plot was found to be 8.22.5＇-pyridoxal phosphate （PLP） had little effect on the regulation of its activity.     

Strategies for CO2 capture from different CO2 emission sources by vacuum swing adsorption technology☆

Different VSA(Vacuum Swing Adsorption) cycles and process schemes have been evaluated to find suitable process configurations for effectively separating CO2 from flue gases from different industrial sectors. The cycles were studied using an adsorption simulator developed in our research group, which has been successfully used to predict experimental results over several years. Commercial zeolite APGIII and granular activated carbon were used as the adsorbents. Three-bed VSA cycles with- and without-product purge and 2-stage VSA systems have been investigated. It was found that for a feed gas containing 15% CO2(representing flue gas from power plants), high CO2 purities and recoveries could be obtained using a three-bed zeolite APGIII VSA unit for one stage capture, but with more stringent conditions such as deeper vacuum pressures of 1–3 k Pa. 2-stage VSA process operated in series allowed us to use simple process steps and operate at more realistic vacuum pressures. With a vacuum pressure of 10 k Pa, final CO2 purity of 95.3% with a recovery of 98.2% were obtained at specific power consumption of 0.55 MJ·(kg CO2)-1from feed gas containing15% CO2. These numbers compare very well with those obtained from a single stage process operating at1 k Pa vacuum pressure. The feed CO2 concentration was very influential in determining the desorption pressure necessary to achieve high separation efficiency. For feed gases containing N 30% CO2, a singlestage VSA capture process operating at moderate vacuum pressure and without a product purge, can achieve very high product purities and recoveries.     

乌索酸的生产工艺

Production of ursolic acid, the anti-hepatitis effective composition from natural plant, Sambucus chinensis Lindl. was carried out and the scale-up preparation technology was studied. Extraction of the herb Sambucus chinensis Lindl. was extracted in reflux with 7 volume times of refluxing ethanol at 80℃ for 1 h for two times. The extract was purified with a seh-made specific impurity remover ＂YCXY-1＂ to yield ursolic acid of high purity. A new ＂Extraction/Gelation＂ technology for the production of ursolic acid was developed. The specific impurity remover ＂YCXY-1＂ showed high effectiveness in purification. The purity of the mass-produced ursolie acid was up to 99.8%. The chemical structure of the product was confirmed by the physicochemical constants and spectroscopic identification. The production of high-purity ursolic acid was optimized with natural plant as raw material and with only ethanol as extracting solvent. The difficulties such as isolation and impurity removal were addressed effectively. The novel technology is reasonable, convenient, practical, low-cost, high-yield, suitable for mass production.     

基于可接受区域风险的化工园区安全容量评估模型研究(英文)

The paper defines the Safety Capacity of Chemical Industrial Park (SCCIP) from the perspective of acceptable regional risk. For the purpose of exploring the evaluation model for the SCCIP, a method based on quantitative risk assessment was adopted for evaluating transport risk and to confirm reasonable safety transport capacity of chemical industrial park, and then by combining with the safety storage capacity, a SCCIP evaluation model was put forward. The SCCIP was decided by the smaller one between the largest safety storage capacity and the maximum safety transport capacity, or else, the regional risk of the park will exceed the acceptable level. The developed method was applied to a chemical industrial park in Guangdong province to obtain the maximum safety transport capacity and the SCCIP. The results can be realized in the regional risk control of the park effectively.     

Process design and economic optimization for the indirect synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from urea and methanol

Much attention has been paid for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) by urea indirect alcoholysis method, which had not been actually industrialized by now. The rigorous full process model was then necessary to optimize the process with heat integration. In this paper, a full process was designed and optimized for the DMC synthesis by urea indirect alcoholysis method based on Aspen Plus software.The technological analysis was developed to find how the process was influenced by the three main recycled materials of methanol, 1,2-propylene glycol(PG) and mixture of DMC–methanol. Simultaneously,the thermal optimization was taken into account for energy saving and the optimized process was proposed with heat integration. Moreover, the economic evaluation was implemented for the optimized process with total annualized cost(TAC) and cost of product(COP) according to the plant investment and operations. It was found that the 11.6% decrease in TAC was obtained for the optimized process compared to the original designed process. The COP analysis showed that the process was economically efficient for the production of DMC from urea and methanol.     

变压吸附新技术回收甲醇尾气中的有效气体

介绍了变压吸附(PSA)的基本原理及特点,采用特殊的吸附剂及先进的工艺过程可以从甲醇尾气中脱除N2和Ar等惰性气体,从而回收其中的有效组分H2和CO、CH4、CO2。并介绍了该PSA工艺在以天然气为原料生产甲醇中的应用,对PSA与膜分离两种技术在甲醇尾气分离回收中的技术及经济性等方面进行了对比,该PSA新技术分离效率高,经济效益显著。     

变压吸附法回收高炉气中CO的研究

采用载铜吸附剂进行了变压吸附回收高炉气中CO的工业侧线试验 ,考察了载铜吸附剂与 5A分子筛分别用于回收高炉气中CO时的产品纯度和CO的回收率 ,试验结果表明 ,载铜吸附剂对高浓度N2 中的CO有很好的选择性 ,其性能优于 5A分子筛。从技术经济角度分析了两步变压吸附法应用于高炉气中CO回收的可行性、环境效应和经济效益。     

变压吸附法提纯含氮气体中CO的模拟计算与设计

针对工业冷箱尾气中CO的回收工艺,应用Aspen-Adsim软件模拟并设计五塔七步骤的变压吸附(PSA)过程。考察床层高度和周期置换气量对产品CO纯度和收率的影响。结果表明:增加周期置换气量可提高CO的纯度,但有可能降低其收率;增加床层高度可提高CO的收率,但会降低其纯度。综合考虑得到:在保证一定纯度的条件下,可采取同时增加床层高度和周期置换气量来提高CO的收率;另外,当实际过程吸附剂劣化时,可以通过调节周期置换气量来维持CO收率。     

新型汽车催化剂

本文叙述了新一代汽车废气化技术，通过催化剂的作用，把汽车尾气排放的ＣＯ、ＨＣ、ＮＯＸ在同一催化转换氧化还原成ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｎ２。     

炼化厂制氢装置中CO2的回收

随着炼化厂制氢装置的发展,制氢装置中CO2的回收利用,成为炼化厂节能减排的重要途径。介绍了制氢装置工艺,探讨了装置中CO2的来源,分析了PSA尾气和燃烧炉尾气中CO2回收的必要性,讨论了几种回收工艺的特点,综述了近年国内炼化厂制氢装置中CO2回收的进展情况。     

Adsorption of Off‐Gases from Steam Methane Reforming (H2, CO2, CH4, CO and N2) on Activated Carbon

Abstract

Hydrogen is the energy carrier of the future and could be employed in stationary sources for energy production. Commercial sources of hydrogen are actually operating employing the steam reforming of hydrocarbons, normally methane. Separation of hydrogen from other gases is performed by Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) units where recovery of high‐purity hydrogen does not exceed 80%.

In this work we report adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of five pure gases present in off‐gases from steam reforming of methane for hydrogen production (H₂, CO₂, CH₄, CO and N₂). Adsorption equilibrium data were collected in activated carbon at 303, 323, and 343 K between 0‐22 bar and was fitted to a Virial isotherm model. Carbon dioxide is the most adsorbed gas followed by methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen. This adsorbent is suitable for selective removal of CO₂ and CH₄. Diffusion of all the gases studied was controlled by micropore resistances. Binary (H₂‐CO₂) and ternary (H₂‐CO₂‐CH₄) breakthrough curves are also reported to describe the behavior of the mixtures in a fixed‐bed column. With the data reported it is possible to completely design a PSA unit for hydrogen purification from steam reforming natural gas in a wide range of pressures.     

膜分离-变压吸附集成工艺脱除天然气中酸性气体

天然气中含有酸性气体,在使用或输送前必须去除。介绍了两种天然气脱除酸性气体的技术:气体膜分离技术和变压吸附技术,单独使用其中任何一种技术都不能达到经济地脱除酸性气体的目的。集成两种技术的优点,开发出膜分离-变压吸附集成工艺,可以在满足天然气酸性气体含量指标的同时,提高了回收率,为天然气工业提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

氯乙烯精馏尾气回收工艺改进的初探

分析了氯乙烯精馏尾气回收工艺存在的问题，在变压吸附制N2，H2工艺原理的启示下，对该原理应用于氯乙烯精馏尾气回收工艺的研究进行了初探，取得了满意结果。     

变压吸附法处理硝酸尾气的研究

概述了硝酸尾气的处理方法，详述了变压吸附法处理硝酸尾气的原理，提出了处理尾气的工艺过程和工艺指标。     

改性活性炭脱除二氧化碳中的微量苯

将工业废气中的CO2回收利用,使之变废为宝具有重要的意义。研究了活性炭(AC)分别经湿氧化和N2还原改性后对苯吸附性能,并测定了改性活性炭的孔结构和表面官能团。结果表明,AC经N2还原改性能增大其比表面积,减少表面含氧官能团,增强其表面非极性,有利于苯的吸附。孔径分布是影响苯吸附的主要因素,吸附剂的孔径分布在0.6nm范围内时,有利于对苯的吸附。