远距离GNSS潮位测量精度的影响因素研究

为实现远岸潮位精确监测,从天线类型、浮标姿态改正、数据处理模式等影响因素进行了远距离GNSS浮标潮位测量精度的分析研究。结果表明:相比于非扼流圈天线,采用扼流圈天线可有效提高GNSS浮标数据观测质量,获得较高精度的定位结果;姿态改正对浮标天线高误差达厘米级,潮位提取中可通过低通滤波器有效消除;远距离潮位测量(基线大于300 km)中PPP潮位精度整体优于PPK潮位;GNSS潮位测量精度受海况影响严重,四级海况以内,潮位测量精度优于10 cm,可以满足远距离潮位观测精度的要求。     

基于GNSS浮标的潮位测量技术研究

利用研制的GNSS浮标,在海南省清澜湾进行了21.5 h的潮位测量工作,分别使用GAMIT+TRACK和精密单点定位技术(PPP)两种方法对GNSS数据进行解算,并对高频GNSS解算结果进行了巴特沃斯、低通滤波、中值滤波、小波滤波等处理,处理结果与实测潮位数据进行了对比。结果表明:(1)使用GNSS浮标可以进行潮位测量;(2)移动平均滤波或中值滤波对高频GNSS浮标解算数据的处理结果较好,其次为巴特沃斯滤波,小波滤波处理结果较差;(3)在GNSS基准站的支持下,GAMIT+TRACK对GNSS解算结果精度可达1.065 cm,并可以给出绝对高程下的潮位信息;PPP技术解算结果的精度为4.283 cm,但不需要GNSS基准站的支持,可用于远海潮位测量。     

新型远距离验潮系统集成设计与研制

我国的海洋活动逐步向远海开展,对海洋观测技术提出了新的要求。基于GNSS的动态后处理差分测量技术,提出了一种新型远距离验潮系统。建立了基于PC104总线的模块化潮汐测量系统硬件,基于LabVIEW语言开发了与验潮系统硬件相匹配的软件,实现了潮汐测量过程中数据采集、数据处理和设备监控等功能。将该系统安装于国内某大型海洋浮标,在离岸约200km的海域开展了潮汐测量实验,通过GNSS数据解算、高程修正、滤波和潮位提取等数据处理步骤得到潮位数据。将系统测量的潮位结果与经典潮汐模型的潮位模拟数据相比,发现二者具有良好的一致性,整体潮位测量精度为4.6cm。     

基于GNSS浮标和验潮资料的HY-2A卫星高度计绝对定标

为探测我国HY-2A卫星高度计海面高测量绝对偏差及其在轨运行状态,本文利用GNSS浮标星下点同步测量和验潮资料海面高传递方法在山东千里岩和珠海担杆岛海域开展定标研究。为验证GNSS浮标定标方法的准确性,还对国外卫星Jason-2和Saral进行了定标实验。实验表明GNSS浮标绝对海面高测量精度达2 cm,对Jason-2和Saral高度计多个周期定标得到的海面高偏差均值分别为5.7 cm和-2.3 cm,与国际专门定标场的结果符合较好。2014年9月和2015年5月HY-2A卫星高度计浮标定标结果分别是-65 cm和-91 cm,因两次结果差异显著,故又利用千里岩验潮站资料对HY-2A卫星高度计第56至73周期进行了定标分析,结果证明HY-2A卫星海面高存在约-51 cm/a的漂移,置信度为95%的回归分析表明浮标和验潮定标结果符合。本文研究结果表明在我国尚无专门定标场的情况下,可利用GNSS浮标对我国高度计实施灵活、精准的在轨绝对定标,在有高度计轨迹经过验潮站的情况下可使用验潮资料结合精密大地水准面模型进行绝对定标。     

基于GNSS信号信噪比观测量的海平面高度变化研究

建立基于GNSS信号的海面测高数学模型,揭示基于载波和信噪比观测量测高方法的内在联系;提出利用造价便宜的GPS接收机以及普通接收机天线进行海平面高度变化监测的手段;进行海平面高度变化监测的实验并与验潮仪对比分析。结果表明:利用普通GPS接收机和天线进行海平面测高可以获得厘米级的测量精度,24 h连续监测的均方根误差为4.13 cm,GPS高度计与验潮仪的测量结果相关系数为0.86;所布设的GNSS高度计与造价昂贵的大地测量型接收机监测结果相当,该造价便宜的高度计更适合用于未来大规模实际的海平面高度变化监测中。     

基于双差动态定位的近实时潮位变化反演

基于GAMIT TRACK双差动态定位模块计算海洋潮汐.将不同基线组合下的计算结果分别与压力式验潮仪记录值比对,验证该方法的可行性和适应性;比较不同星历和基线组合的结果,得出在150km基线以内,采用IGS最终星历得到的潮位变化结果精度最高,但不具备实时性;超快速星历结果精度稍次之,可以用于实时GPS验潮;广播星历结果...     

基于GPS的测高浮标的设计、研制与测试

卫星高度计在海洋中的广泛应用,离不开准确的定标工作。高度计海面高度定标主要采用验潮仪法和全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)浮标法。文中详细介绍了GPS浮标的研制工作,分别对可用于高度计海面高度定标使用的GPS浮标的性能要求、设计、数值模拟计算做了详细研究,采用数值模拟的方法对研制后浮标的性能进行了评价,数值模拟结果表明研制的浮标可以满足海上试验的要求。最后结合GPS浮标测高验证试验,对研制的GPS浮标的测高精度进行了验证,结果表明研制的GPS浮标精度能够满足高度计海面高度定标的要求。     

海洋测绘中精密单点定位精度适用性分析

目前IGS共提供6类精度和时效性不同的精密星历产品,为了验证不同精度和时效性的IGS精密星历产品在海洋测绘中的适用情况,使用6类不同的IGS精密星历产品,分别对固定点观测数据和海上浮动点观测数据进行精密单点定位解算,并对解算结果分别进行比对分析和统计。固定点比对结果表明,IGS和IGR精密星历精密单点定位解算在平面位置方向均能达到平均8厘米的外符合精度,IGU00至IGU18精密单点定位解算精度稍差,平面外符合精度在10～13cm,且精度随着发布时间的推迟而提高;PPP潮位的解算结果表明,从IGS至IGU18,高程方向的解算精度相当,和固定潮位站的数据相比,均方根差在16～18cm。     

中国沿海GPS站用于潮波系数提取分析

首先给出了基于GNSS-MR技术提取潮波系数的原理与方法,然后利用布设在浙江省石浦港验潮室屋顶的GPS站DSPU实测数据对潮波系数进行了提取,并与验潮站实测潮位调和分析结果进行了对比分析。实验结果表明GPS-MR反演潮位与验潮站实测潮位值吻合较好,相关系数优于0.97;GPS-MR反演潮位与验潮站实测潮位获取的潮波系数基本一致,除M2、S2外其它差异较小。两者获取的潮波系数差异主要因为DSPU测站观测环境极大地影响了GPS-MR提取潮位精度。沿海GNSS站用于潮位监测和潮波系数提取,将进一步拓展沿海GNSS监测站的应用领域,在一定程度上可弥补验潮站的不足。     

BDS/GPS/GLONASS在密林地区组合定位性能分析

随着北斗卫星导航系统的建成与运行,目前已形成多系统导航定位的局面。基于短基线,首先对密林地区的GPS、BDS、GLONASS的卫星可见性以及伪距观测值的质量进行了简单的评价,然后分析了密林地区GPS、BDS、GLONASS单系统、双系统及三系统组合模式下单点定位及伪距差分定位性能。结果表明:在密林地区,GNSS多系统组合能够明显提高定位精度,GPS/BDS组合定位的精度优于GPS/GLONASS、BDS/GLONASS组合,而GPS/BDS/GLONASS的定位精度最高。     

GNSS-Based Sea Level Monitoring

This paper attempts to assess the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as an accurate, reliable, and easy tool for sea level measurement. The GNSS technique was incorporated into a float based tide gauge system. A prototype of such an instrument was developed based on principles of conventional tide gauges, where high frequency noise is reduced mechanically. The ability of the GNSS based tide gauge (GTG) to monitor sea levels was tested in several experiments. The performance of the GTG was compared to that of a traditional tide gauge. The method of data analysis and data comparison between the GPS measurements and the tide gauge data is presented. The results show that the GTG is equal in performance to the traditional float operated tide gauge. It seems that the GTG is capable of delivering the same level of accuracy (1 cm), and its results are as reliable as its competitor, the traditional float tide gauge. The suggested instrument can be easily integrated into the array of permanent GNSS stations and assist in absolute measurements of sea level changes, caused by global warming and the greenhouse effect, for example.     

GNSS-Based Sea Level Monitoring

This paper attempts to assess the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as an accurate, reliable, and easy tool for sea level measurement. The GNSS technique was incorporated into a float based tide gauge system. A prototype of such an instrument was developed based on principles of conventional tide gauges, where high frequency noise is reduced mechanically. The ability of the GNSS based tide gauge (GTG) to monitor sea levels was tested in several experiments. The performance of the GTG was compared to that of a traditional tide gauge. The method of data analysis and data comparison between the GPS measurements and the tide gauge data is presented. The results show that the GTG is equal in performance to the traditional float operated tide gauge. It seems that the GTG is capable of delivering the same level of accuracy (1 cm), and its results are as reliable as its competitor, the traditional float tide gauge. The suggested instrument can be easily integrated into the array of permanent GNSS stations and assist in absolute measurements of sea level changes, caused by global warming and the greenhouse effect, for example.     

星站差分与PPP技术在深远海调查中的位置服务精度分析

利用在全球不同海域的船载GNSS进出港数据,以事后动态处理技术(PPK)的坐标计算值为评价基准,分析了Veripos星站差分系统和事后动态精密单点定位技术(PPP)在不同运动状态下的位置服务精度。结果表明,Veripos与PPP在低动态下的平面与高程位置服务精度可优于6.2 cm和14.9 cm,在常规动态下平均精度优于20 cm;PPP与Veripos坐标分量平均互差小于15 cm,标准差小于23 cm,在深远海调查中PPP技术可作为星站差分系统的有效补充和特殊情况下的位置服务替代。     

Ocean Tides Observed from A GPS Receiver on Floating Sea Ice Near Chinese Zhongshan Station,Antarctica

Due to limit of coverage in TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite and sparseness of in-situ tide gauges around Antarctica, the accuracy of global ocean tide models in Antarctic seas is relatively poorer than in low- and mid-latitude regions. To better understand ocean tides in Prydz Bay, east Antarctica, a GPS receiver was deployed on floating sea ice to measure tide-induced ice motion in multiple campaigns. Four online Precise Point Positioning (PPP) services are used to process the GPS data in the kinematic PPP mode, and UTide software is used to separate the major tidal constituents. Comparison between results from different processing methods (relative processing solutions from Track, kinematic PPP solutions from online services) and with bottom pressure gauge (BPG) shows that, high-accuracy tidal information can be obtained from GPS observations on floating sea ice, the root-sum-square (RSS) for the eight major constituents (O1, K1, P1, Q1, M2, S2, N2, K2) is below 4 cm. We have also studied the impacts of data span and filter edge effects at daily boundaries on the accuracy of tide estimates, and found that to obtain reliable tide estimates and neglect the filter edge effects, continuous observation longer than 30 days is necessary. Our study suggests that GPS provides an independent method to estimate tides in Prydz Bay, and can be an alternative to tidal gauges, which are costly and hard to maintain in Antarctica.     

利用GPS拖体在万山区域测量平均海面技术研究

Wanshan area has been chosen to be the specified field to calibrate and validate(Cal/Val) the HY-2 altimeter and its follow-on satellites. In March 2018, an experiment has been conducted to determine the sea surface height(SSH) under the HY-2 A ground track(Pass No. 203). A GPS towing-body(GPS-TB) was designed to measure the SSH covering an area of about 6 km×28 km wide centered on the HY-2 A altimeter satellite ground track. Three GPS reference stations, one tide gauge and a GPS buoy were placed in the research area, in order to process and resolve the kinematic solution and check the precision of the GPS-TB respectively. All the GPS data were calculated by the GAMIT/GLOBK software and TRACK module. The sea surface was determined by the GPS-TB solution and the tide gauge placed on Zhiwan Island. Then the sea surface of this area was interpolated by Arc GIS10.2 with ordinary Kriging method. The results showed that the precision of the GPS-TB is about 1.10 cm compared with the tide gauge placed nearby, which has an equivalent precision with the GPS buoy. The interpolated sea surface has a bias of –1.5–4.0 cm with standard deviation of 0.2–2.4 cm compared with the checking line. The gradient of the measured sea surface is about 1.62 cm/km along the HY-2 orbit which shows a good agreement compared with the CLS11 mean sea surface(MSS). In the Cal/Val of satellites, the sea surface between the tide gauge/GPS buoy and the footprint of altimeter can be improved by this work.     

基于多系统组合的PPP模糊度快速固定研究

探讨了组合多系统的精密单点定位(PPP),通过MGEX实测数据进行多系统PPP解算,分析了不同系统组合PPP定位精度和收敛速度,以及多系统组合对GPS模糊度首次固定时间的影响。实验结果表明,在静态和仿动态条件下,组合系统PPP的收敛速度和短时间定位精度明显优于单系统PPP,同时多系统组合PPP能够加快浮点模糊度收敛,缩短GPS PPP模糊度的首次固定时间。     

Mapping the sea surface using a GPS buoy

On May 22 and 24, 1995, a buoy, designed to float with the water surface and equipped with a GPS antenna, was deployed off the California coast at 16 locations near the Texaco oil platform, Harvest. The purpose of this deployment was threefold:.(1) to demonstrate the ability of this style of buoy to calibrate the TOPEXIPOSEIDON (TIP) altimeter range measurement as it overflew the platform: (2) to demonstrate the ability of the buoy to map the ocean's surface over a 10‐km‐diameter circle surrounding platform Harvest; and (3) to demonstrate the ability of the buoy to measure the sea state accurately. During the 1.6‐h period surrounding the time of the TIP overflight, the buoy‐measured sea level never differed by more than 1.5 cm from the sea level measured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) acoustic tide gauge on the platform. The good agreement demonstrated the capability of this style of buoy to calibrate altimetric satellites. A paraboloid was fitted to sea level from 16 buoy locations surrounding the platform with a 2.5‐cm rms residual. On a 10‐km‐diameter circle centered on the platform, the paraboloid was within 2.4‐cm rms of the Ohio State University Mean Sea Surface (OSUMSS95). H _u3 values calculated around the overflight times from the GPS buoy vertical positions had a mean difference of 2 cm and a standard deviation of 18 cm from values calculated from the University of Colorado (CU) pressure gauge system. At the time of the overflight, H _u3 was near 2 m, while 3‐m seas were observed by the CU pressure system during measurements later in the day. This experiment demonstrates that a simple wave‐rider buoy design can give comparable accuracies to that of more complex GPS platforms such as the University of Colorado's spar buoy, but is much easier to deploy and capable of being used in more severe weather conditions. Thus, such a buoy and derivative designs have great potential for calibrating altimetric experiments, and for oceanographic and geodetic mapping experiments.     

不同星历和钟差产品的PPP验潮试验及结果分析

基于动态精密单点定位(PPP)技术,借助研制的PPP软件,采用IGR、IGU等快速星历和钟差产品,进行了海上船载PPP验潮试验,并对其精度进行了分析。结果表明:与传统RTK验潮技术相比,海上PPP验潮的精度优于0.1m,能够满足海上OBC地震勘探等工作对潮汐数据的精度要求;基于IGU星历的PPP验潮方法的时延较短,更加符合海洋潮汐数据的时效性需求。