陕西南部早寒武世原始锥石类carinachitids两新种记述

对陕西宁强宽川铺地区灯影组宽川铺段原始锥石类carinachitids两个新种Emeiconularia amplicanalis sp.nov.和Carinachites platus sp.nov.进行了记述。外表形态多样、个体大小悬殊的两辐对称、三辐对称和四辐对称的carinachitids系列标本的发现,揭示了陕南地区早寒武世丰富多样的carinachitids生命世界。三辐射对称的Emeiconularia在四川峨眉及陕西南部的震旦-寒武系界线附近都有分布,因而对前寒武纪—寒武纪跨界地层具有划分对比意义。两新种的发现无疑增加了我们对早期锥石类多样性的认识,为证实多样性的刺细胞动物在早寒武世早期已经存在的假说提供了新线索。     

陕西宁强地区早寒武世磷酸盐化Punctatus新材料

描记在陕西南部宽川铺地区的灯影组宽川铺段的震旦-寒武系界线附近发现的具五辐对称特征磷酸盐化Punctatus新种———Punctatus triangulicostalissp.nov.(三角隆脊瘤点壳)。新种的锥体由5条放射状排列的锥脊组成,柱体由5纵列等间隔排列的三角隆脊组成,构成了完美的五辐对称生物体。同时描记的有PunctatusemeiensisHe,1980,新种与它的显著区别是具有与锥顶5条放射脊相对应的5纵列三角隆脊。新种呈三维立体保存,暗示生物体内部已具有一定的硬化程度,而锥体表层及柱状体表面的三角隆脊为磷酸盐化软组织。形态功能分析表明,Punctatus在分类上可能更接近于腔肠动物的水螅型。     

寒武纪早期四方塔型壳属的胚胎发育及其系统学意义

寒武纪大爆发是生命演化史上重要的创新事件.我国澄江动物群(距今约5.18亿年)代表了寒武纪大爆发的高潮,而产自寒武系最底部,时代上早于澄江动物群的宽川铺生物群(距今约5.35亿年)则为研究寒武纪大爆发的第一幕提供了重要的埋藏窗口.宽川铺生物群产自陕南宁强、西乡等地寒武系底部宽川铺组钙质磷块岩和磷质碎屑灰岩中,以保存了大...     

陕南早寒武世早期Quadrapyrgites再研究

处于"寒武纪生命大爆发"序幕阶段的梅树村期,生物类群大规模辐射,身体构型快速革新,与前寒武纪生物群面貌明显不同.最近在陕南宁强宽川铺地区梅树村期地层中发现了大量五辐射Punctatus及部分四辐射四方塔形壳属Quadrapyrgites,其中包括1个新种Quadrnpyrgites undulatuscostalis sp.nov..在此基础上对Quadrapyrgites进行了属征补充.双胚层腔肠动物的出现标志着地球生命史的真后生动物演化开端,在生物起源演化历程上占据着关键的位置.本文为研究真后生动物起源演化、生物辐射、体型构建提供了重要实证.     

陕南张家沟剖面寒武纪早期微体化石Olivooidesmultisulcatus的新材料*

陕南西乡张家沟剖面寒武系下部统宽川铺组发现了大量特异埋藏化石,这些珍贵化石为三维磷酸盐化精美保存,在探索早期生命起源与演化方面意义重大,也是早寒武世前三叶虫时代生物地层对比的重要依据。本文主要对其中一类保存有软躯体的特异埋藏Olivooides multisulcatus Qian,1977进行描记,该类化石1977年曾在陕西宁强宽川铺生物群首次报道,与本文描记的化石类型相同,产地不同,因而具有地层对比意义。根据在西乡生物群发现的新材料,与Olivooides multisulcatus进行特征对比,对属征及种内变异特征进行了补充。     

陕南早寒武世早期管柱状生物化石新发现

繁殖是生物体产生子代的现象,是生物体最基本的特征之一.最近作者在陕南宁强宽川铺地区早寒武世最早期的宽川铺生物群中发现了数十枚管柱状生物化石,首次发现这些管柱状生物化石具可能的"断裂生殖"特征.在部分管柱状生物化石上可清晰分辨出"收缢带"、"收缢纹"和"新生单节"等断裂生殖特征,据此建立可能的管柱状生物"断裂生殖"生殖发育序列.     

我国寒武系底部几种磷酸盐化保存的蓝菌类化石

本文系统描述了产于我国寒武系底部磷矿层中的微型蓝菌类化石4属4种,其中Girvanella sp.和Spirellus columnaris产于新疆阿克苏、乌什玉尔吐斯组和云南会泽、安宁朱家箐组中谊村段,Endoconchia lata产于四川峨眉灯影组麦地坪段,Cambricodium capilloides和一块属种名未定的化石产于陕西宁强灯影组宽川铺段,从而丰富了我国寒武系底部磷块岩层中的蓝菌类化石。本文还讨论了上述微型蓝菌类化石有直接磷酸盐化保存和钻孔磷酸盐铸模保存的两种保存方式。     

陕南早寒武世早期磷酸盐化Punctatus发育模式研究

在陕南宁强宽川铺地区早寒武世早期灯影组宽川铺段地层中发现了数十枚呈三维立体精美保存的磷酸盐化Punctatus动物化石,包括花冠状口部,5辐射锥体及不同发育阶段的胚胎化石标本和2枚罕见的完整Punctatus化石.研究表明,这些胚胎标本中的部分类型与Punctatus有关,通过对这些Punctatus及与Punctatus有关的胚胎化石认真观察,对Punctatus的生长方式和发育模式进行了研究,提出两极生长发育模式.腔肠动物的出现标志着真后生动物的开始,所以腔肠动物一直在生物起源与演化研究方面占据显要地位,上述研究为"化石胚胎学"这一新的研究领域增添了新内容.     

陕南早寒武世ANABARITES壳体内部结构及亲缘关系探讨

陕南灯影组宽川铺段的小壳化石具完好的三维保存方式。Anabarites是三辐射对称、单管底栖群居生物,亲缘关系不明。作者通过对陕南宁强下寒武统宽川铺段进行数次系统采样,经过对样品的醋酸溶蚀处理和电子扫描电镜照像后,发现Anabarites壳体内部具螺旋状微结构;经测试分析后认为该结构可能与中槽的深浅成正相关,两者的形成可能与微环境中水体的变化有关。探讨其可能的亲缘关系及其演化序列。     

陕南早寒武世早期水螅营养体及管状疑难化石

陕南宁强宽川铺生物群发现具触手的水螅营养体化石,同层位同时发现大量磷质管状疑难化石,其管体上可分辨出可能的出芽特征,推测该类具出芽特征管体可能和现代群体生活的薮枝螅(Obelia)有关。     

Rhododrilus sexpapillatus n.sp. (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from New Zealand

Abstract

A new earthworm species belonging to the acanthodriline genus Rhododrilus is described from the North Island of New Zealand, elevating the generic total (excluding Australian forms) to 30 species. The new taxon forms part of the species-group with incomplete fusion of the male and prostatic terminalia. Its most closely related congener is the geographically proximate R. papaensis. Though exhibiting great heterogeneity, suggestive of polyphyly, the genus remains taxonomically convenient. It probably encompasses convergent forms, the ancestral affinities of which may never be ascertained.     

新疆棘豆属植物新资料

对野外采集的新疆棘豆属植物以及标本进行鉴定分析,结果表明:马尔洋黑毛棘豆是新变种,白花米尔克棘豆、白花冷棘豆、白花二裂棘豆、白花庞氏棘豆和白花小叶棘豆是5个新变型.短梗棘豆、长翼棘豆、鸟状棘豆和长苞黄花棘豆是新疆地理分布新记录.并对新变种马尔洋黑毛棘豆和长翼棘豆的果期特征进行了描述.     

安徽植物地理分布新记录

报道了安徽植物区系中植物地理新分布纪录1 属19 种8 变种2 变型, 引证标本均存安徽农业大学森林利用学院树木室(AA UF)。     

A new snake eel species of the genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the southeast coast of India,Bay of Bengal,with the taxonomic account of Ophichthus chilkensis

A new species of the ophichthid eel of the family Ophichthidae is described based on five specimens collected from the Mudasalodai fish landing center, off Cuddalore coast, southeast coast of India, Bay of Bengal. Ophichthus naevius sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by having a unique color pattern: dorsal body with numerous dense dark spots or patches, ventral body pale yellowish green, dorsal-fin origin just before pectoral-fin tip, vertebral formula: 12–14/52–53/134–138, and teeth on jaw uniserial and pointed. The study also reports the range extension and molecular evidence of Ophichthus chilkensis from South India. Molecular analyses were performed for both species, and their phylogenetic relationship suggests that the new species exhibits 10.2% genetic divergence with its congener Ophichthus sangjuensis, followed by Ophichthus brevicaudatus (10.4%), and Ophichthus sp. 1 (11.8%) also forms the closest clade in both Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood (ML) tree. Similarly, according to the topology of the ML tree, the species O. chilkensis forms a clade with Ophichthus sp. 5, Ophichthus remiger, Ophichthus frontalis, Ophichthus sp. 6, and Ophichthus rex, suggesting that it would be the genetically closest congener.     

New radiolarians from the Devonian of the southern Ural Mountains: 2. Middle-Late Devonian

Middle-Late Devonian Radiolarians are recorded for the first time in the southern Ural Mountains in Bashkortostan, in a section of Kariukmas Mountain (Upper Eifelian) and on the southern slope of Argagan Mountain (Middle Frasnian). The new Late Eifelian assemblage is composed of 17 species of 11 genera, and Middle Frasnian radiolarians comprise 13 species of 7 genera of spherical, discoidal, pylomate, and spiny radiolarians. A new species, Primaritripus kariukmasensis, sp. nov., is described. The prevalence of discoidal forms in the oryctocenosis suggests shallow marine conditions in the Late Eifelian and Middle Frasnian basins. Two new biostratons, the Upper Eifelian beds with Primaritripus kariukmasensis and Middle Frasnian beds with Primaritripus chuvashovi, are established based on radiolarians.     

The genus Cyrtomium (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) in Africa and Madagascar

The fern genus Cyrtomium (Dryopteridaceae) in Africa and Madagascar is reviewed. Until now, a single Cyrtomium species ascribed to either C. caryotideum or C. micropterum (the latter often considered to be a variety of the former) was recognized for the region. This study shows that three Cyrtomium species occur in the region. One, C. falcatum, is not native to the African or Madagascan region, but has become naturalized in various parts of South Africa and Réunion. Two, formerly considered as a single taxon and confused with C. caryotideum and Indian forms thereof, are described as new – C. luctuosum from Madagascar, East, West and South Africa and C. pseudocaryotideum from South Africa. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 167 , 449–465.     

New species of the family Heliodiscidae Haeckel (radiolaria)

The family Heliodiscidae Haeckel, 1881, which includes five genera, is reviewed. New methods of investigation are applied to the inner structure of Cretaceous spherical radiolarian skeletons, which reveal numerous taxa with an eccentric microsphere. Three new species, Astrophacus marinae sp. nov., Excentrosphaerella kovalenkovi sp. nov., and Excentrosphaerella kurilovi sp. nov., are described. The eccentric position of the microsphere suggests that these forms are nontypical Mesozoic radiolarians or new representatives of the family Heliodiscidae Haeckel, 1881, which was previously recorded in the Cenozoic.     

Some new African Milichiidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) having pronounced sexual dimorphism of the frons

Enigmilkhia dimorphka gen. et sp. nov. and Milkhia distinctipennis, fumicoslata, savannaticola and sylvicola spp. nov. are described from tropical Africa. These forms, though belonging to different subfamilies, exhibit a very similar sexual dimorphism in the shape and chaetotaxy of the frons. Such a dimorphism is unknown within the Milichioidea.