Interactive computer graphics for assisting human programmers

A theory exists that a graphic ‘transfer function’ of humans may be characterizable. A computer graphic terminal trained with an understanding of this function may be capable of identifying with a human and appreciably raising the potential quality of human/computer graphic dialog. An Interactive Computer Graphic Assisted Programming (ICGAP) system is described which uses computer graphics to aid in the construction of computer graphic programs, conveniencing interactive computer graphic experiments.The rich, relatively untapped fields of art and psychology deserve computer graphic science's attention. An example of one area is the psychologist's model of the process of representationalism.     

与数据库相联的平衡表面图绘图软件

平衡表面图是作者近年提出的一种热化学数据图示方法,用于湿法冶金络合物体系矿物浸出或金属离子沉降的条件分析.本文提出一个与微机冶金热化学数据库相联的绘图软件,说明算法与绘图的基本原理及三维数组的生成方法.以铜-氯-水体系为例展示了绘图结果及其意义.     

Interactive postprocessor and animation system using a microcomputer

This paper is concerned with the development of a microcomputer-aided graphic system. In this system the difficult task of computation for graphical representation is carried out on a large computer, whereas a microcomputer is used as the graphic terminal. Interface programs are newly developed for this purpose. A technique is proposed here to minimize the transfer time of graphic data from the large computer to the microcomputer. Finally, the animation and the interactive tomography systems are developed as extensions of the graphic system.     

An algorithm for isochrome raster graphic display

Raster graphic display is used increasingly with microcomputers making use of readily available television monitors. An algorithm for obtaining the variation of a function on a screen by showing isochrome segments is presented. Small isoparametric bilinear elements are used as an adjustable intermediate size between the finite element mesh itself and the pixel. This approach permits a simple computer code that is adjustable to different computer hardware. A flow chart of the algorithm is presented and errors associated with the display are discussed. The results of two analyses are given. These examples were chosen for their differences both in the type of problem and in the numerical methods of solution used. First, the stresses in a gear tooth submitted to a concentrated load are presented. In this case, the algorithm is part of a post-processor following a finite element displacement analysis. A second example illustrates stream lines in a channel with a step. For the latter, the display shows the output data from a Gauss-Siedel resolution of a Laplace equation using a finite difference mesh.     

Limitations of the computer as a tool for the fine artist

This paper proposes that the commercial nature of currently available graphic computer systems inclines their use by fine artists toward limited applications. The repeated and fictive nature of commercial imagery is described. A brief phenomenology of the graphic computer is offered, and on-going awareness of the form and social context of the machine is recommended.     

纺织品色牢度计算机辅助测试系统的研制

纺织品色牢度计算机辅助检测是企业产品实施自动测试技术的重要组成部分．文中着重分析了纺织品色牢度的计算机辅助测试系统总体结构和关键技术的实施。采用计算机图形学原理和技术、颜色处理和计算机应用等技术，研制了纺织品色牢度计算机辅助测试客观评级系统，并以实例结果验证了研究的可行性。     

电脑平面设计教学方法创新研究

今天,电脑平面设计已经广泛应用于社会中的众多行业领域,尤其是我国"十二五"期间要着力发展的文化创意产业,更是少不了电脑平面设计,是动漫、美术、摄像、摄影和广告等等方面设计人员必须具备的职业技能,作为培养这类人才的计算机专业院校,如何提高计算机平面设计的教学水平,是广大从业教师值得探讨的问题。     

The application of two dimensional compression schemes to computer graphic display systems

Various picture compression schemes are proposed which achieve a reduction in the capacity of refresh storage by exploiting the redundancy in computer graphic pictures. Many different types of compression scheme have previously been considered, particularly for facsimile transmission of black and white pictures. This paper studies a compression scheme which takes into account the two dimensional nature of computer graphic pictures and which are digitized into more than two grey levels. A practical implementation of the method is also proposed for a real time computer display system.     

浅析网络时代的平面设计小众化趋势

随着电脑的普及,互联网极大地改变了人类的生活,平面设计技术的普及成为可能。现代大工业生产让美术为商业服务,诞生了平面设计这一个行业,但是并不能从本质上抹杀平面设计的思想和表达性。平面设计小众化顾名思义除了为商业获取利润,还可以是为个人服务,以满足个人个性化的需求为主。它作为平面设计思想性和表达性的回归,从根源上说是来自人类深层次的孤寂感。     

基于SceneLib的三维服装建模技术研究

使用几何建模法，结合传统的表面建模方法，提出了一种改良的曲面片法，成功地建立了人体模型和服装模型。文章基于SceneLib的函数库，实现曲面片建模，并以计算机图形学的知识，对建立的模型进行有效的控制，为建立服装模型提供了一种新的思路。     

Full Wave Modelling of Light Propagation and Reflection

The propagation and reflection of electromagnetic waves in a three‐dimensional environment is simulated, and realistic images are produced using the resulting light distributions and reflectance functions. A finite difference time domain method is employed to advance the electric and magnetic fields in a scene. Surfaces containing wavelength scaled structures are created, the interaction of the electromagnetic waves with these nano‐structured materials is calculated, and the sub‐surface interference and diffraction effects are modelled. The result is a reflectance function with wavelength composition and spatial distribution properties that could not have been predicted using classic computer graphic ray tracing approaches. The techniques are employed to reproduce demonstrations of simple interference and diffraction effects, and to create computer‐generated pictures of a Morpho butterfly.     

三维数字牙颌模型的研制

设计并实现了三维数字牙颌模型的制作;采用的是非接触式三维激光测量技术,基于三角法测量原理来采集数据,采用双CCD接收反射光(也称为双三角测量法),两CCD在激光器左右对称放置,激光器发出的光线经会聚会聚透镜聚焦后垂直入射被测物体表面上,物体移动使成像面上的光点发生位移;数据参数:扫描宽度50 mm,测量景深150 mm,测量精度0.005 mm,控制方式为计算机控制三轴平移,一轴旋转,扫描步距0.01 mm;牙颌石膏模型经三维激光扫描得到三维数字牙颌模型,并经过计算机处理后显示出来;三维数字牙颌模型的研制成功,使口腔医学开始进入牙、颌、面形态的三维精确定量测量与分析阶段.     

Computer graphics human figure application of biostereometrics

A growing amount of research involving computer modelling of different aspects of the human figure calls for better graphic representation of the figure. A series of linear representations of the human figure have been developed, digitized and experimentally applied in a range of degrees of detail. Biostereometric data sources have also been accessed to achieve a high degree of realism. Computer programs have been written to construct a polygonal surface from this data for use in linear plotting, interactive systems, and ultimately in raster-scan displays where each polygon may be assigned shading and colour.     

COMPUTER GRAPHIC ASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGY FOR COMPOUND-BODY

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水下航行器导引仿真系统的三维动画显示

该文利用ＯｐｅｎＧＬ图形库在ＵＮＩＸ环境下实现水下航行器导引规律的３Ｄ动画显示,论述了图形库数据结构、三维几何造型、计算机图形处理和开发软件,给出了水下航行器３Ｄ运动轨迹动画显示的主要源程序及仿真结果,对于复杂物体造型采用简便实用的拓扑点连接法,仿真实验的优良结果表明,水下航行器导引仿真中实现计算呆视化和数据可示化具有很好的直观性和更多的信息量。     

Architectures of Graphic Processors for Interactive 2D Graphics

Interactive 2-D systems have benefited greatly from the improvements in 1C technology. Today, the trend is to relieve the host computer from low level tasks through increasing the graphic system's computational power. The introduction of video RAMs has solved the problem of contention for memory cycles between the display generator and the video refresh controller. The improvements in graphic controllers have led from the first fixed instructions controllers to today's third generation of programmable graphic processors, able to support computer graphic interface standards. This article will present this evolution, and focus on a 2-D graphic processor designed at the Imagery, Instrumentation and Systems Laboratory, based on the separation of graphic generation and memory management functions.     

机器人图形示教盒编程的研究

本文介绍机器人作业的图形示教盒编程.通过建立机器人的运动学和三维几何模型,采用实时动画技术,在计算机屏幕上对机器人进行图形仿真示教,文中还讨论了图形示教程序的单步执行和实时修正方法,并给出了国产 PJ-lA 机器人进行喷漆作业的图形示教盒编程的实例.结果表明:机器人的图形示教盒编程具有生动、方便的特点,为机器人的编程研究提供了适用的工具.     

Modified approach for tooth contact analysis of gear drives and automatic determination of guess values

An approach for the development of a computer program for simulation of meshing and contact of gear tooth surfaces is proposed for the following specific conditions: (i) the basic machine-tool settings applied for generation of meshing gears are given, and (ii) the location of the mean contact point of the contacting surfaces is not known. The contribution of the authors cover: (i) automatic determination of the guess values for derivation of the first contact point of tooth surfaces Σ₁ and Σ₂; (ii) development of a modified computer program for tooth contact analysis (TCA) for the most general case when the tooth surfaces are represented by three related parameters. The determination of guess values is based on the following considerations: (i) the generating surfaces are represented discretely by cells; (ii) the cells for both gears are located on planes of surface parameters that contains n and q cells, respectively; (iii) pairing of cells and their combination is considered in the domains of n × q cells; (iv) determination of a single pair of cells that provides: (a) minimization of deviation of tooth surface normals, (b) minimization of distance between the two cells or (c) an integrated factor m based on conditions (a) and (b). A numerical example for determination of guess values and deciphering of TCA is represented.     

试论电脑美术与传统视觉艺术的关系

电脑技术发展日新月异,电脑美术设计水平也得到了很大的提高。电脑美术设计借助电脑这一制作工具,为现代设计的发展提供了便利的条件。本文主要对电脑美术设计和传统视觉艺术关系进行了讨论,首先对电脑美术设计进行了概述,然后论述了电脑美术设计和传统设计的关系,最后对电脑美术开拓设计新领域的情况进行了详细阐述。