不同产地和生长季节喜树叶中喜树碱含量测定

喜树（Camptotheca acuminata）是我国特有抗癌植物。本文通过测定不同产地的喜树幼嫩叶和成熟叶中喜树碱含量表明,均以四川都江堰所产喜树叶中喜树碱含量最高。不同生长月份的喜树嫩叶中喜树碱含量成一条单峰曲线,以7月喜树嫩叶中喜树碱的含量最高。     

不同产地和生长季节喜树叶中喜树碱含量测定

喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)是我国特有抗癌植物。本文通过测定不同产地的喜树幼嫩叶和成熟叶中喜树碱含量表明,均以四川都江堰所产喜树叶中喜树碱含量最高。不同生长月份的喜树嫩叶中喜树碱含量成一条单峰曲线,以7月喜树嫩叶中喜树碱的含量最高。     

不同种源喜树幼枝中喜树碱的含量

通过HPLC测定了喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)不同器官及不同种源幼枝中喜树碱的含量。结果表明, 喜树碱含量在叶、种子和幼枝(幼叶和幼茎)中较高, 木质部中较少, 髓中最低。不同种源的幼枝中, 来自成都种源喜树的喜树碱含量最高。通过比较, 两年生喜树各器官中喜树碱含量普遍比一年生高, 幼枝中顶枝的喜树碱含量比侧枝高。     

不同种源喜树幼枝中喜树碱的含量

通过HPLC测定了喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)不同器官及不同种源幼枝中喜树碱的含量.结果表明,喜树碱含量在叶、种子和幼枝(幼叶和幼茎)中较高,木质部中较少,髓中最低.不同种源的幼枝中,来自成都种源喜树的喜树碱含量最高.通过比较,两年生喜树各器官中喜树碱含量普遍比一年生高,幼枝中顶枝的喜树碱含量比侧枝高.     

产喜树碱内生真菌的筛选及鉴定

从喜树Camptotheca acuminate树皮和果实中分离得到27株内生真菌,发酵后经HPLC检测,筛选出一株菌丝产喜树碱的菌,产量达774μg/L。对其ITS序列进行系统发育分析,结合其培养特征和显微特征,鉴定为拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis sp.)。这是首次报道分离自喜树的该属真菌发酵产喜树碱。     

喜树内生真菌的分离、鉴定以及抗植物病原菌活性的初步研究

对喜树植株中的内生真菌进行分离纯化,共得到126株内生菌株。对126株内生菌株进行液体培养,并对其发酵产物进行抗菌活性测定。发现在供试质量浓度为5mg／mL时,126株菌株中有24株喜树内生真菌的发酵液对水稻纹枯病菌、稻瘟病菌以及辣椒疫霉具有不同程度的抑制菌丝生长的活性作用;其中,菌株XSY09的发酵液对此三种植物病原菌有明显的抑制作用,抑制率分别为74．97％、39．63％和58．49％。在0．1mg／mL的测试浓度下,菌株XSY09发酵液的乙酸乙酯相对三种植物病原菌均有较好的抑制作用。对该菌株的ITS序列进行测序分析,初步鉴定XSY09为炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）真菌。     

产喜树碱喜树内生真菌的筛选及喜树内生真菌的SRAP分析

生活在宿主植物里的内生真菌是很重要的药用资源。喜树是中国的传统药用植物。从喜树植物中分离得到了大约50种菌株,其中一株产喜树碱的菌株通过形态学鉴定为青霉属,这是首次在喜树植物中发现产喜树碱的青霉属菌株。为研究简单序列重复相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)方法在喜树内生真菌中应用的可行性,选择了十株喜树内生真菌进行SRAP多态性分析。SRAP引物共扩增出1 295条带,而这些菌株也被分为三大类。这些结果表明,SRAP研究喜树内生真菌具有高效性,是讨论喜树内生真菌的遗传多样性的有效方法。     

喜树各器官解剖学及其喜树碱含量测定的研究

运用植物解剖学方法研究了喜树各器官的结构,对喜树不同器官中喜树碱含量进行了HPLC法测定。结果表明:(1)喜树根尖纵切面的结构由根冠、分生区、伸长区和根毛区4个部分组成。根和茎的初生结构都由表皮、皮层和维管柱3部分组成;在根和茎初生结构的皮层和髓部具有被锇酸染成黑色的嗜锇细胞;在次生生长中,根的木栓形成层起源于中柱鞘,茎的木栓形成层起源于皮层细胞;随着次生维管组织的增加,茎的中央形成髓腔。(2)叶片由表皮、叶肉和叶脉组成,叶肉细胞中分布有嗜锇细胞;光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察显示,喜树叶的上表皮没有气孔器分布;下表皮气孔器的保卫细胞呈肾形,没有副卫细胞,被几个表皮细胞不规则的围绕,属于无规则型;在上下表皮均分布着单细胞非腺毛和2种类型的腺毛,其中下表皮的分布相对稠密;上表皮腺毛呈球形,下表皮腺毛大部分为长卵形,其中间杂着一些球形腺毛;观察发现,越幼嫩的叶中,分布的腺毛和非腺毛越多。(3)喜树不同器官中喜树碱含量以幼叶和种子中较高,木质部中较低,髓中含量最少;随着叶的发育成熟,叶中喜树碱的含量逐渐降低,且同一叶的不同部位,喜树碱含量也有差异;喜树幼苗发育过程中喜树碱含量也在不断变化。     

接种时期对丛枝菌根喜树幼苗喜树碱含量的影响

喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)是我国特有的多年生亚热带落叶阔叶树种, 因其次生代谢产物喜树碱具有良好的抗肿瘤活性而受到人们的广泛关注。通过温室盆栽接种试验, 观察了喜树幼苗不同生长时期接种蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora mellea)和根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)对喜树幼苗喜树碱积累的影响。结果表明接种两种丛枝菌根真菌均促进了喜树幼苗喜树碱的积累, 表现为喜树碱产量(单株幼苗所含的喜树碱量, 喜树碱含量与幼苗生物量的乘积)的显著提高。进一步分析发现, 接种丛枝菌根真菌导致幼喜树苗喜树碱产量的提高, 早期(幼苗出土20天)接种主要是源于喜树碱含量的提高, 特别是叶片喜树碱含量的提高, 而晚期(幼苗出土60天)接种则主要是源于幼苗生物量的增加。     

丛枝菌根对喜树幼苗喜树碱含量的影响

喜树（Camptotheca acuminata）是我国特有的多年生亚热带落叶阔叶树种,因其次生代谢产物喜树碱具有良好的抗肿瘤活性而受到人们的广泛关注.通过温室盆栽接种试验,观察了2属6种丛枝菌根真菌对喜树幼苗喜树碱含量的影响.结果表明,接种的6种丛枝菌根真菌与喜树幼苗均形成了共生体系并且发育良好.透光球囊霉（Glomus diaphanum）、幼套球囊霉（G.etunicatum）、蜜色无梗囊霉（Acaulospora mellea）和光壁无梗囊霉（A.laevis）侵染形成丛枝菌根有利于提高喜树幼苗的喜树碱含量,地表球囊霉（G.versiforme）则影响不大,而木薯球囊霉（G.manihot）却降低了喜树幼苗的喜树碱含量.丛枝菌根形成对喜树幼苗喜树碱代谢的影响还表现在喜树碱的器官分配上,菌根幼苗根中的喜树碱比例均高于无菌根幼苗.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。