经甲床缘切口治疗手指末节血管球瘤

目的 探讨应用甲床缘切口治疗手指末节血管球瘤的可行性及临床效果.方法 2005年6月至2010年7月,对14例手指末节血管球瘤患者,通过甲床缘切口形成携带骨膜的甲床瓣或指腹瓣,充分游离达到甲下或指腹区域,在显微镜视下仔细分离后完整地切除血管球瘤.结果 术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,病理检查证实为血管球瘤.术后随访12 ～ 55个月,平均26.7个月.14例患者疼痛症状完全消失,甲床愈合良好,指甲生长正常、外观良好,无并发症发生,随访期间无一例复发.结论 应用甲床缘切口联合显微外科技术治疗手指末节血管球瘤,操作简单、切口隐蔽、创伤小、并发症少,肿瘤切除彻底,术后复发率低.     

MRI在血管球瘤诊断中的应用

目的 探讨MRI作为诊断血管球瘤的常规辅助检查的必要性.方法 2013年11月至2014年7月收治7例手部血管球瘤患者,均有典型临床症状,术前行X线片检查和(或)MRI检查,手术切除肿瘤且术后病理均确诊为血管球瘤.对病例术前检查进行分析,并检索PubMed数据库进行文献回顾性研究.结果 7例患者中,2例术前只行X线片检查,未发现病灶;3例行X线片和MRI检查,X线片均未显示明显异常,而MRI于T1、T2加权像上提示血管球瘤特征,注入钆对比剂后,病灶明显强化;2例只行MRI检查,显示血管球瘤MRI影像特征.结论 对于有典型临床症状的血管球瘤患者,MRI是一项非常有意义的辅助检查,且应作为常规检查以提高血管球瘤的诊断率.     

42例小儿腹部恶性肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的　总结小儿腹部恶性肿瘤的诊治体会。方法　对 1994年 1月～ 1999年 12月间收治的 42例小儿腹部恶性肿瘤行B型超声检查 ,39例行CT和 /或MRI扫描。 2 9例肿瘤完全切除 ,10例部分切除 ,3例活检 ;术前化疗 2 9例 ,术后化疗 42例。结果　B型超声、CT、MRI瘤体检出率10 0 % ,术前化疗前后影像学临床分期吻合率Ⅰ期 6 6 .7% ,Ⅱ～Ⅲ期 90 .0 % ,Ⅳ期 6 6 .7%。患儿生存状况因瘤体不同而异。结论　术前B型超声、CT/MRI检查临床分期对术前治疗有指导意义 ;术前化疗能降低临床分期 ;术后病理组织学改变对术后化疗有指导意义。     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤2例报告并文献复习

目的:总结肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的诊治体会。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年1月~2013年12月收治的2例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤患者的临床资料:2例患者均行内分泌实验室检查、B超、MRI及18氟-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)断层和CT断层显像检查,并行后腹腔镜手术切除肿瘤。结果:2例患者术前均未明确诊断为肾上腺节细胞神经瘤,经后腹腔镜手术完整切除肿瘤。患者术中血压平稳,无波动。术后病理检查肿瘤包膜均完整,质地均匀、质韧,切面呈灰白色、鱼肉状改变,报告为肾上腺节细胞神经瘤。患者术后未见并发症发生,恢复较好。随访1年,无复发和转移。结论:肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的临床症状、体征并无特异性,术前实验室检查和影像学检查并不能对其确诊,但可以鉴别相关功能性肾上腺肿瘤,最终确诊需依靠病理学检查。     

肝脏罕见肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨肝脏罕见肿瘤的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析我院2005年5月至2010年1月收治的25例肝脏罕见肿瘤患者的临床病理资料.结果 25例患者中肝局灶性结节性增生6例,肝血管平滑肌瘤、肝门部神经鞘瘤、肝左叶动脉瘤、肝胆管囊腺瘤、肝错构瘤、肝胆管绒毛状腺瘤、肝弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤各1例,肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤2例,肝原发间质瘤2例,肝母细胞瘤5例,肝胚胎性肉瘤3例;术前行B超检查24例,CT检查22例,MRI检查6例,仅有3例(16.7%)检查和术后病理结果一致.术前诊断和术后病理符合5例(20%).25例均行手术切除治疗,包括半肝切除术7例,肝叶切除术7例,肝段切除术9例,肿瘤局部挖除2例.肝脏良性、低度恶性肿瘤及1例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤术后无复发,5例恶性肿瘤随访中3例术后复发行再次手术切除,术后随访无复发;另2例死亡,平均术后生存期4个月.结论肝脏罕见肿瘤影像学诊断率低,手术切除是主要的治疗手段,对能切除的复发性肿瘤性病变应争取再次手术切除.     

手指血管球瘤26例临床分析

目的　探讨手指血管球瘤的诊断和手术方法。方法　 1996年 1月 -2 0 0 2年 12月 ,对 2 6例手指血管球瘤进行诊治。术前 2 6例Love氏试验阳性 ,冷敏感试验阳性 ,2 0例Hildreth氏试验阳性 ,15例中 11例透光试验阳性 ,1例X线侧位片显示末节指骨有肿瘤压迹。全部病例均采取肿瘤切除手术。结果　术后随访 11个月～ 7年 9个月 ,无 1例肿瘤复发。 2 6例疼痛完全消失 ,术前阳性症状全部消失。 2 2例指甲生长良好 ,无明显畸形。结论　提高对血管球瘤的认识 ,有助于早期诊断 ,早期治疗 ,完整切除肿瘤是提高临床疗效的关键。     

腹膜后副神经节瘤7例临床分析

目的 总结并探讨腹膜后副神经节瘤的诊断及治疗方法.方法 回顾分析了2007年1月至2012年6月收治的7例腹膜后副神经节瘤患者的临床资料,均行手术治疗.结果 术前B超、CTU、MRI均能准确发现肿瘤,肿瘤最大径12cm,最小5cm.所有患者均经病理证实,良性肿瘤患者6例,低度恶性1例.7例手术均获成功,联合脏器切除1例,无术中死亡病例,术后随访1年均未见复发.结论 腹膜后副神经节瘤应被视为潜在恶性或低度恶性的肿瘤,手术切除是主要手段,应尽可能完整切除肿瘤,联合脏器切除可提高切除率,避免肿瘤组织的残留,减少复发.     

血管球瘤38例临床分析

目的探讨血管球瘤的诊断和治疗。方法对我院诊治的38例血管球瘤患者进行回顾性分析。症状以肿瘤部位局限性压痛为主，遇冷加重；35例Love试验呈阳性；x线检查20例手指末节指骨有凹陷性压痕；38例均行肿瘤切除术。结果术后经6月～2年随访，无1例复发，38例疼痛完全消失，指甲生长良好。结论手术切除肿瘤是治疗血管球瘤的唯一有效方法，完整切除肿瘤，提高对血管球瘤的认识，早期诊断，手术切除肿瘤是提高临床疗效的关键。     

复杂血管毗邻的腹膜后神经鞘瘤的手术切除2例报告

目的报道2例严重压迫下腔静脉、右肾静脉等血管的腹膜后神经鞘瘤手术成功切除病例,分析其临床诊治现状。 方法对2例患者通过三维重建和其他影像学检查进行术前诊断、手术治疗、术后病理确诊,术后进行随访。 结果2例患者均完整切除病灶,无周围血管及脏器损伤,术后病理证实为腹膜后神经鞘瘤,随访无复发。 结论腹膜后神经鞘瘤较罕见,术前诊断困难,确诊需通过组织病理学。体积较大、复杂血管毗邻的良性肿瘤仍可以手术完整切除,且预后良好,复发率低。     

成人睾丸良性占位病变的诊断与治疗选择(附16例报告)

目的 探讨成人睾丸良性占位病变的诊断与治疗选择.方法 对2003～2010年诊治的16例睾丸良性肿瘤的临床资料及随访情况进行回顾性分析.结果 16例睾丸肿瘤病例术前经超声、CT或MRI、AFP和β- HCG检查,诊断13例考虑为良性病变,3例可疑恶性.术中行冰冻切片检查10例,其中7例行睾丸部分切除术,3例性质不定行睾丸根治性切除术.6例未行术中病理检查直接行根治性睾丸切除.术后经病理诊断睾丸间质细胞瘤2例,成熟畸胎瘤4例,腺瘤样瘤3例,平滑肌瘤3例,皮样囊肿1例,混合肿瘤3例.术后随访2个月～12年均未出现复发及转移.结论 睾丸良性占位的术前诊断对手术处理方式选择非常重要,B超、CT或MRI、肿瘤标记物以及术中冰冻切片活检均具有临床诊断价值.睾丸良性肿瘤的治疗应首选保留睾丸的肿瘤切除.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

The analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in patients with chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans

Background : Ketamine in sub-dissociative doses has been shown to have analgesic and phantom-Limb pain, where conventional treatment has often failed. Chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans often responds poorly to analgesics, and the pain-generating mechanisms are not well understood.
Methods : Eight patients with rest pain in the lower extremity due to arteriosclerosis obliterans were given sub-dissociative doses of 0.15, 0.30, or 0.45 mg/kg racemic ketamine and morphine 10 mg as a 5-min infusion on four separate days in a cross-over, double-blind, randomised protocol. Plasma levels of (S)- and (R)-ketamine and their nor-metabolites were analysed with an enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Pain levels were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results : Individual pain levels were highly variable during and after all the infusions but the pooled pain levels showed a dose-dependent analgesic effect of ketamine with a transient but complete pain relief in all patients at the highest dose (0.45 mg/ kg). Side-effects, mainly disturbed cognition and perception, were pronounced and dose-dependent. Morphine 10 mg had an analgesic peak at 20 min and 5/8 patients had complete pain relief. The remaining 3 patients also had high baseline pain scores, indicating a higher analgesic potency for the 0.30 and 0.45 mg/ kg ketamine doses than for morphine 10 mg.
Conclusion : We have demonstrated a potent dose-dependent analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in clinical ischemic pain. Due to a narrow therapeutic window, this analgesic effect is probably best utilised in combination with other analgesics.     

Reduction of Plasma Fibrinogen, Immunoglobulin G, and Immunoglobulin M Concentrations by Immunoadsorption Therapy with Tryptophan and Phenylalanine Adsorbents

Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.