Modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and copper foil surfaces by graft polymerization for adhesion improvement

Thermal graft polymerization-induced lamination of surface-modified copper foil to surface-modified poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film was achieved in the presence of an epoxy resin adhesive and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer, or in the presence of GMA and hexamethylenediamine (HEDA). The copper foil surfaces were pretreated with an organosilane coupling agent (SCA), such as (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysiane, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, or N¹-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylene-triamine. The silanized copper foils were subjected to brief Ar plasma treatment and subsequently to UV-induced graft polymerization with GMA (the Cu-SCA-g-GMA surface). Surface modification of PTFE film included Ar plasma treatment alone, or Ar plasma pretreatment followed by UV-induced graft polymerization with GMA (the GMA-g-PTFE surface). The modified surfaces and interfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle measurements. The Cu-SCA-g-GMA/epoxy resin-GMA/PTFE or Cu-SCA-g-GMA/GMA–HEDA/GMA-g-PTFE laminates exhibited T-peel adhesion strengths in excess of 9 N/cm and the joints delaminated by cohesive failure inside the bulk of the PTFE film. The strong adhesion in these Cu foil-PTFE laminates is attributable to the fact that the GMA chains are covalently tethered on both the PTFE and the silanized Cu surfaces, as well the fact that these grafted GMA chains are covalently incorporated into the highly crosslinked network structure of the adhesive at the interphase.     

Amino Organo Alkoxysilanes in Organic Solvents for Promoting Adhesion of Polyimide Films to Silicon Substrates

In this study of silane adhesion promoters for coupling polyimide films to clean silicon dioxide surfaces the adhesion values obtained with three amino organo trialkoxysilanes and with several solvents for these silanes were compared. When applied from aqueous solution the silanes with primary amino groups gave higher adhesion values, as measured by a peel test, than did one having only a secondary amino group; however, when applied from organic solvents all three were effective. The highest values for all of the solvents tested were obtained with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. A fundamental discussion is presented to rationalize the differences.     

New Unsymmetrically Benzene-Fused Bis (Tetrathiafulvalene): Synthesis,Characterization, Electrochemical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Their Materials

The synthesis of new unsymmetrically benzene-fused bis (tetrathiafulvalene) has been carried out by a cross-coupling reaction of the respective 4,5-dialkyl-1,3-dithiole- 2-selenone 6–9 with 2-(4-(p-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dithiole-2-ylidene)-1,3,5,7-tetrathia-s-indacene- 6-one 5 prepared by olefination of 4-(p-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dithiole-2-selenone 3 and 1,3,5,7-tetrathia-s-indacene-2,6-dione 4. The conversion of the nitro moiety 10a–d to amino 11a–d then dibenzylamine 12a–d groups respectively used reduction and alkylation methods. The electron donor ability of these new compounds has been measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Charge transfer complexes with tetracyanoquino-dimethane (TCNQ) were prepared by chemical redox reactions. The complexes have been proven to give conducting materials.     

医药中间体5-氨基-2,4,6-三碘异酞酸的制备

以间苯二甲酸为原料 ,经硝化、还原与碘化 ,合成非离子含碘造影剂的中间体 5 氨基 2 ,4,6 三碘异酞酸。 (1)硝化反应 ,n(硫酸 )∶n(硝酸钠 )∶n(间苯二甲酸 ) =7 9∶2 2∶1 0 ,温度 70℃下反应 3h ,产率为 86 7% ;(2 )还原反应 ,n(铁粉 )∶n(硝基物 ) =3 0∶1 0 ,回流反应 3h ,产率为78 1% ;(3)碘化反应 ,n(氯化碘 )∶n(氨基物 ) =3 3∶1 0 ,90℃下反应 3h ,碘化反应产率为76 2 %。每步均经改进 ,总收率为 5 1 6 % ,所得产品熔点、UV、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR等数据与文献报道一致     

Structural,thermal, and mechanical properties of silanized boron carbide doped epoxy nanocomposites

In the presented study, the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by doping silanized hexagonal boron carbide (h-B₄C) nanoparticles in varying proportions (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) into the epoxy resin by weight. For this purpose, the surfaces of h-B₄C nanoparticles were silanized by using 3-(glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPS) to improve adhesion between h-B₄C nanoparticles and epoxy matrix. Then, the silanized nanoparticles were added to the resin by ultrasonication and mechanical stirring techniques to produce nanocomposites. The bond structure differences of silanized B₄C nanoparticles (s-B₄C) and nanoparticle doped composites were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) technique was used to examine the distribution of nanoparticles in the modified nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis techniques were used to determine the thermal properties of the neat and s-B₄C doped nanocomposites. The tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed to determine the mechanical properties. When the experimental results were examined, changes in the bonding structure of the s-B₄C nanoparticles doped nanocomposites and significant improvements in the mechanical and thermal properties were observed. The optimum doping ratio was determined as 2% by weight. At this doping ratio, the T_g, tensile strength and storage modulus increased approximately 18%, 35%, and 44% compared to the neat composite, respectively.     

N-（3-氯-4-（3-氟苯甲氧基）苯基）-6-碘喹唑啉-4-胺盐酸盐的合成

以2-氯-4-硝基苯酚为原料,经Williamson反应得3-氯-4-（3-氟苯甲氧基）硝基苯,硝基还原后与4-氯-6-碘喹唑啉缩合得到抗肿瘤药物拉帕替尼的重要中间体N-（3-氯-4-（3-氟苯甲氧基）苯基）-6-碘喹唑啉-4-胺盐酸盐,总收率约62％。中间体及目标产物结构经1HNMR和MS得以证实。     

Synthesis,Structural Characterization,Spectroscopic Properties,and Theoretical Investigations of Aminoacridine Derivatives

Synthesis of four N-(heterocyclic)-9-aminoacridine derivatives was investigated. The synthesized compounds, N-thiazolyl-9-aminoacridine (AC1), N-(1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)-9-aminoacridine (AC2), N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)-9-aminoacridine (AC3), and N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)-9-aminoacridine (AC4) were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, mass-spectral, and elemental analysis. Amine-imine tautomerism was suggested by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The optimized structures were obtained using B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level of theory. The UV–Vis absorption spectra were measured in various organic solvents. The synthesized compounds AC1–AC4 exhibit absorption spectra characteristic of typical donor–acceptor compounds. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) analysis have been used to explain the internal charge transfer (ICT) phenomena within the molecules. Also, simulated UV spectra were calculated using TD-DFT (B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) and the results were compared with the experimental values.     

Long chain carboxylic acids containing ether linkage: IV. The antibacterial activities of 0-(2-alkylaminoethyl)-3-oxypropionic and N-(2-alkyloxyethyl)-3-aminopropionic acids

The carboxylic amphoteric surfactants containing ether and substituted amine groups such as 0-(2-alkylaminoethyl)-3-oxypropionic-and N-(2-alkyloxyethyl)-3-aminopropionic acids were synthesized, and their antibacterial activities in terms of growth inhibition ofStaphylococcus aureus andEscherichia coli were examined. The structural effect, such as bonding position of ether and amino groups, and the chain length effect between undecyloxy-, dodecyloxy- and tridecyloxy radicals were examined, but no definite correlation between positional isomers and chain length and antibacterial activities was observed. Furthermore, to study the effect of the increase of the number of ether or amino groups on the antibacterial activities, N-(2-(2-dodecyloxyethyl)-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropionic acid and N-(2-(2-dodecyloxyethyl)oxyethyl)-3-aminopropionic acid were synthesized. Their antibacterial activities were almost as effective as the corresponding amino or ether acids. Moreover aqueous solution of these substituted propionic acids showed better surface activities at pH 4.0, 7.0 and 10.0.     

两种3,5-二氨基苯甲酰氨基脂肪酸盐酸盐的合成

以3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯、3-氨基丙酸和6-氨基正己酸为原料,室温反应合成了3-(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氨基)丙酸和6-(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氨基)正己酸。反应过程中,3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯分批加入,滴加2 mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液控制反应体系的pH=8~9,n(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯)/n(氨基酸)=1,收率分别为84%和81%;硝基化合物经10%钯炭催化剂(用量为反应物质量的10%)催化加氢,再经盐酸酸化,得目标产物3-(3,5-二氨基苯甲酰氨基)丙酸盐酸盐和6-(3,5-二氨基苯甲酰氨基)正己酸盐酸盐,收率分别为93%和94%。相关化合物的结构通过FTIR1、HNMR1、3CNMR进行了表征。     

EDTA modified glassy carbon electrode: Preparation and characterization

EDTA-phenoxyamide modified glassy carbon electrode (EDTA-GC) was prepared at a glassy carbon electrode by surface synthesis. In the first step, nitrophenyl was grafted to the glassy carbon (GC) surface via the electrochemical reduction of its tetraflouroborate diazonium salt. In the second step, nitrophenyl-modified electrode (NP-GC) was subjected to the cathodic potential scan to reduce the nitro to amine group. p-Aminophenyl modified glassy carbon electrode (AP-GC) was dipped into a EDTA solution containing 1-ethyl-3(3-(dimethlyamino)propyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) as an activating agent. Thus formed ((2-anilino-2-oxoethyl){2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-ethyl}amino)acetic acid modified GC electrode was denoted as EDTA-GC and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Complexation of the EDTA-GC surface with Pb²⁺ ions was investigated if this electrode could be used as a metal sensor.     

N,N-二甲基色胺衍生物合成研究

以四氢呋喃和对氰甲基盐酸苯肼 (Ⅹ )为主要原料合成了色胺衍生物N ,N 二甲基 2 { 5 [(3 氨基 1,2 ,4 口恶二唑 5 基 )甲基 ] 1 氢 吲哚 3 基 }乙胺 (Ⅶ )。四氢呋喃和氯化氢反应 ,得到4 氯丁醇 ( ) ,产率为 6 2 % ;用氯铬酸吡啶盐氧化得 4 氯丁醛 ( ) ,产率为 6 1% ;经缩醛化得 4 氯丁醛缩甲醇 ( ) ,产率为 5 6 % ;用二甲胺取代得 4 (N ,N 二甲胺基 )丁醛缩甲醇(Ⅸ ) ,产率为 86 % ;Ⅸ与Ⅹ经环化得N ,N 二甲基 2 [5 (氰甲基 ) 1氢 吲哚 3 基 ]乙胺 (Ⅺ ) ,产率为 76 % ;Ⅺ经酯化得N ,N 二甲基 2 [5 (乙酯甲基 ) 1氢 吲哚 3 基 ]乙胺 (Ⅻ ) ,产率为 82 % ;Ⅻ与羟基硫酸胍缩合得产物 (Ⅶ ) ,产率为 6 6 %。     

新型砜基喹喔啉衍生物的合成和体外抗肿瘤活性研究

合成了新型的砜基喹喔啉衍生物并对其体外抗肿瘤活性进行初步评价。采用Kinase-Glo Luminescent Assay,Lance Ultra Assay,SRB法测试砜基喹喔啉类衍生物的体外抗肿瘤活性。9个砜基喹喔啉衍生物经NMR,MS表征;砜基喹喔啉衍生物对PI3Kα、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)均无明显的抑制作用;其中,化合物3-(3-氨基苯磺酰基)-N-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)喹喔啉-2-胺(12),N-(3-(3-(3,5-二甲氧基苯胺基)喹喔啉-2-基砜基)苯基)乙酰胺(13)、1-(3-(3-(3,5-二甲氧基苯胺基)喹喔啉-2-基砜基)苯基)-3-乙基脲(15)和N-(3-(3-(3,5-二甲氧基苯胺基)喹喔啉-2-基砜基)苯基)吗啉-4-甲酰胺(16)对PC3细胞的增殖抑制活性(IC₅₀)均<3μmol/L。砜基喹喔啉类衍生物具有中等强度的抗肿瘤活性。     

含氮硼酸酯表面活性剂的合成及表面活性

以月桂酸、N-(2-羟乙基)乙二胺、硼酸和二乙醇胺为原料,合成了咪唑啉硼酸酯(简称IBE)和咪唑啉醇胺硼酸酯(简称IBE-A),比较了两种硼酸酯的抗水解、表面张力等性能,考察了IBE-A与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)复配的协同效应。结果表明,氮原子的引入有效地增强了硼酸酯抗水解性能,其中IBE-A具有很好的抗水解性能;随pH增加,IBE和IBE-A临界胶束浓度(CMC)和γCMC下降;在中性及碱性条件下,IBE-A的CMC=(1.20~1.35)×10-3mol.L-1,γCMC=(31.1~31.4)mN.m-1。IBE-A和LAS有较强的复配协同效应,当n(IBE-A)∶n(LAS)=4∶6时,CMC=3.16×10-5mol.L-1,γCMC=29.6 mN.m-1,其中CMC分别是IBE-A水溶液CMC(1.35×10-3mol.L-1)和LAS水溶液CMC(1.14×10-3mol.L-1)的1/43和1/36。     

Four Amino Acid Residues Influence the Substrate Chain-Length and Regioselectivity of Siganus canaliculatus Δ4 and Δ5/6 Desaturases

Although ω3‐ and ω6‐ desaturases have been well studied in terms of substrate preference and regiospecificity, relatively little is known about the membrane‐bound, “front‐end” long chain fatty acid desaturases, such as ?4, Δ5 or Δ6 desaturases. The first vertebrate ?4 desaturase was recently identified in the marine teleost fish Siganus canaliculatus (S. canaliculatus), which also possesses a bifunctional Δ5/6 desaturase. These two long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid desaturases are very different in terms of regiospecificity and substrate chain‐length, but share an unusually high degree of amino acid identity (83 %). We took advantage of this similarity by constructing a series of chimeric enzymes, replacing regions of one enzyme with the corresponding sequence of the other. Heterologous expression of the chimeric series of enzymes in yeast indicated that the substitution of a four amino acid region was sufficient to convert a ?4 desaturase to an enzyme with ?6 desaturase activity, and convert a ?5/6 desaturase to an enzyme with a low level of ?4 desaturase activity. In addition, enzymes having both ?4 and ?6 desaturase activities were produced by single or double amino acid substitutions within this four‐amino acid region.     

Preparation and antitumour properties of the enantiomers of a hypoxia-selective nitro analogue of the duocarmycins

Racemic 2-{[1-(chloromethyl)-5-nitro-3-{5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]indol-2-carbonyl}-1,2-dihydro-3H-benzo[e]indol-7-yl]sulfonyl}aminoethyl dihydrogen phosphate, a synthetic nitro derivative of the duocarmycins, is a hypoxia-selective prodrug active against radiation-resistant tumour cells at nontoxic doses in mice. An intermediate in the synthesis of this prodrug was resolved by chiral HPLC and the absolute configuration assigned by X-ray crystallography. The intermediate was used to prepare the prodrug's enantiomers, and also the enantiomers of the active nitro and amino metabolites. In vitro analysis in the human cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa showed that both nitro enantiomers are hypoxia-selective cytotoxins, but the "natural" S enantiomer is at least 20-fold more potent. Examination of extracellular amino metabolite concentrations demonstrated no enantioselectivity in the hypoxia-selective reduction of nitro to amino. Low levels of amino derivative were also found in aerobic cell suspensions, sufficient to account for the observed oxic toxicity of the nitro form. At an equimolar dose in SiHa-tumour bearing animals, the (-)-R enantiomer of the prodrug was inactive, while the (+)-S enantiomer caused significantly more hypoxic tumour cell kill than the racemate. At this dose, the combination of (+)-S-prodrug and radiation eliminated detectable colony-forming cells in four out of five treated tumour-bearing animals.     

Characterization and Electroanalytical Application of ω-Mercaptoalkanesulfonic Acid Monolayers on Gold

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ω-mercaptoalkanesulfonic acid on gold surfaces have been studied by electrochemistry and other surface techniques. In spite of the fact that these monolayers are disorganized, i.e., of “brush” type, they are impermeable to inorganic anions due to their high negative charge. Moreover, we find that an ω-mercaptodecanesulfonic acid (MDS) monolayer is also impermeable to organic species, regardless of their charge, because of its high hydrophilicity. The combination of these properties made it possible to apply gold electrodes modified with MDS for the determination of iron(III) ions in the presence of organic species that are either electroactive throughout the same potential window or form strong complexes with iron(III).     

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Treatment of Porous Silicon Increases Biocompatibility with Cardiomyocytes

Porous silicon is of current interest for cardiac tissue engineering applications. While porous silicon is considered to be a biocompatible material, it is important to assess whether post-etching surface treatments can further improve biocompatibility and perhaps modify cellular behavior in desirable ways. In this work, porous silicon was formed by electrochemically etching with hydrofluoric acid, and was then treated with oxygen plasma or supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂). These processes yielded porous silicon with a thickness of around 4 μm. The different post-etch treatments gave surfaces that differed greatly in hydrophilicity: oxygen plasma-treated porous silicon had a highly hydrophilic surface, while scCO₂ gave a more hydrophobic surface. The viabilities of H9c2 cardiomyocytes grown on etched surfaces with and without these two post-etch treatments was examined; viability was found to be highest on porous silicon treated with scCO₂. Most significantly, the expression of some key genes in the angiogenesis pathway was strongly elevated in cells grown on the scCO₂-treated porous silicon, compared to cells grown on the untreated or plasma-treated porous silicon. In addition, the expression of several apoptosis genes were suppressed, relative to the untreated or plasma-treated surfaces.     

Acylation of sulfonamines using silica grafted 1-butyl-3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolium ionic liquids as catalysts

Heterogeneous immobilized ionic liquid catalysts were prepared via grafting of 1,3-dimethyl-3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate or bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl} imide ([NTf₂]⁻) on silica supports with different surfaces and pore size. In addition to the adsorption–desorption isotherms of nitrogen at −196 °C, the catalysts were characterized by TG-DTA, XPS, DRIFTS, DR-UV–vis, NMR, and XRD techniques. The catalytic behavior was checked in the acylation of three different sulfonamines: benzenesulfonamine, p-nitrobenzenesulfonamine, and p-methoxybenzene-sulfonamine with acetic acid, acetic anhydride and maleic anhydride. These tests confirmed the acid Lewis properties of these catalysts.     

两种磺酰胺类染料中间体的合成与表征

合成了两种磺酰胺类染料中间体N (4 氨基苯磺酰基) N′ (3 氨基 4 甲氧基苯磺酰基) 1,4 苯二胺(Ⅴ)和N (4 氨基苯磺酰基) N′ (4 氨基 3 甲基苯磺酰基) 1,4 苯二胺(Ⅸ)。合成步骤如下:(1)乙酰苯胺和氯磺酸反应所得的对乙酰氨基苯磺酰氯与对苯二胺一步胺化得4 氨基 4′ 乙酰氨基苯磺酰苯胺(Ⅰ);(2)邻氨基苯甲醚和邻甲苯胺的氨基保护后与氯磺酸反应得3 乙酰氨基 4 甲氧基 苯磺酰氯(Ⅲ)和3 甲基 4 乙酰氨基 苯磺酰氯(Ⅶ);(3)Ⅰ分别与Ⅲ、Ⅶ在NaOH溶液中进行第二步胺化,所得缩合物水解得产品Ⅴ、Ⅸ。产品均经红外、质谱、核磁、元素分析表征确定了结构。第二步胺化反应优化条件均为:n(Ⅰ)∶n(Ⅲ或Ⅶ)=1∶1 5,反应温度70℃,反应时间4 5h,溶剂为w(NaOH)=3%,n(NaOH)∶n(Ⅰ)=3∶1的溶液,产率分别为91 66%、93 22%。     

Formation of coatings with tailored properties on polyperoxide-modified polymeric surfaces

Modification (peroxidation) of polymer surfaces, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon 6-6, poly(phenylene oxide), and ethylene–propylene copolymer were affected by the surface grafting of functional polyperoxides (FPPs) such as poly(5-tert-butylperoxy-5-methyl-1-hexene-3-yne-co-octylmethacrylate) (VEP-co-OMA), poly{N-[(tert-butylperoxy)-methyl]acrylamide-co-octyl methacrylate} (PO-co-OMA), and poly(tert-butylperoxy-methacrylate-co-octyl methacrylate) (PEst-co-OMA). The degree of surface modification was shown to be determined primarily by the structure of the polymer substrate. Using a peroxidized surface as an initiator of grafted copolymerization enabled the grafting of functional monomers (acrylic acid, acrylamide, 4-vinylpyridine, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and polysaccharides (heparin, dextran, etc.) and thereby imparted adhesive, antibacterial, haemocompatible properties to the polymer surface.