三软综放沿空锚网索支护巷道回采期间围岩变形特征

针对三软综放沿空巷道围岩大变形、难支护的特点,提出采用锚网索支护新技术,通过对试验巷道数值模拟以及表面位移、围岩深部位移和围岩应力的现场监测,分析了试验巷道矿压显现活动规律,掌握了试验巷道在锚网索支护下的围岩变形规律,这为锚网索支护在三软煤层巷道的推广应用和支护参数设计提供了科学依据.     

济三煤矿沿空巷道矿压显现规律研究

针对济三煤矿综放工作面断层发育、坚硬顶板围岩地质条件,设计了综放面小煤柱沿空巷道锚杆(索)支护参数.巷道在施工过程中,采用顶板离层仪和钻孔窥视仪,较系统地观测研究了沿空掘巷矿压显现规律.研究结果表明:巷道顶板下沉量较小,锚固区内外岩层离层量小巷道掘进影响区范围为50m左右;巷道底臌较严重,巷道两帮移近明显,围岩收敛后巷道由矩形断面变形成为倒梯形断面;沿空巷道煤柱中节理裂隙十分发育,煤体压缩变形成为块状结构的塑性松散体.综放面回采期间巷道断面大小满足使用要求,说明了沿空巷道锚杆支护,能够经受住综放工作面采动影响,锚杆支护试验取得了成功.研究成果在综放面沿空掘巷中进行了推广应用.     

综放工作面开切巷锚梁网支护技术研究

义马耿村煤矿综放工作面开采易自燃煤层，采用开切巷沿煤层项板布置．为此首先对开切巷锚梁网支护的设计和施工有关问题进行了研究，然后对巷道项板围岩进行了深基点位移观测，同时利用超声波技术对巷道两帮进行了松动圈测定，在此基础上讨论了大断面巷道锚杆与围岩之间相互作用关系．最后说明了锚梁网支护效果．本研究成果对大断面巷道锚梁网支护具有一定的参考价值．     

地下水对巷道围岩稳定性影响的数值模拟

为探明地下水对巷道围岩稳定性的影响,结合工程实际情况分析地下水对巷道围岩的弱化作用;建立围岩强度与饱和率之间的关系,用FISH语言将该关系嵌入到FLAC流固耦合模块中,从而建立具有遇水弱化效应的巷道围岩稳定性数值计算模型.研究结果表明：在锚杆支护条件下,有水作用时巷道围岩变形明显增大,与实际淋水条件下巷道围岩变形破坏情况是一致的;在锚杆支护基础上进行全断面锚注支护可有效控制地下水影响下巷道围岩的变形.工程实践验证了数值模拟的准确性与锚注支护对于有地下水影响的巷道支护的适用性.     

煤巷锚网索支护矿压显现规律数值模拟研究

本文结合观台矿实际情况,采用数值模拟方法对煤巷锚网索支护进行分析研究,得出了不同支护参数条件下巷道围岩变形规律,以及高水平应力是导致巷道加剧变形直至破坏的主要原因,既验证了支护参数合理性,又对支护效果进行预测,为优化支护参数提供理论依据.     

深部开采软岩巷道耦合支护数值模拟研究

通过对深部开采软岩巷道的变形破坏机理的研究发现，巷道变形破坏主要是由于支护体力学特性与围岩力学特性在强度、刚度以及结构上出现不耦合所造成的；且变形首先从关键部位开始，进而导致整个支护系统的失稳．因此，要保证深部软岩巷道围岩的稳定性．必须实现支护体与围岩的耦合．数值模拟研究表明，当锚杆与围岩在刚度上实现耦合时，能最大限度地发挥锚杆对围岩的加固作用；当锚网与围岩在强度上实现耦合时，将会使围岩的应力场和位移场趋于均匀化；当锚索与围岩在结构上耦合时，可以充分利用深部围岩强度来实现对浅部围岩的支护．实践证明，软岩巷道耦合支护可以有效解决深部开采软岩巷道支护问题。     

软岩巷道“三锚”支护过程对巷道围岩稳定性影响

通过数值模拟和正交试验确定锚索、锚注、复喷的相关参数和最佳的支护工艺过程即：开挖→初次喷射混凝土→锚杆→锚索→复喷→锚注;运用FLAC模拟了软岩巷道逐步开挖和支护的过程,分析了不同的支护工艺过程下巷道围岩应力和位移的变化,进一步论证了最佳的支护工艺过程能有效的控制围岩的变形。这些为软岩巷道的支护工艺过程设计提供了理论参考,同时对于复杂条件下巷道支护的技术实践,具有重要的指导作用。     

构造应力区巷道变形破坏特征及控制技术研究

水平构造应力对巷道围岩稳定有重要的影响,针对鹤壁九矿东总回风巷在锚网索喷＋u型钢支护难以保证巷道稳定的情况,通过相似材料模拟试验研究不同水平应力作用下锚注支护巷道围岩变形破坏和位移变化特征．试验表明,随着水平应力的增大,底板加强后,水平应力对顶板的作用明显,当水平载荷达到49MPa时有少量浆皮脱落,左肩部出现块状冒落,底板比较稳定,没有发生明显臌起,只出现少量横向裂隙,锚注支护结构能控制围岩变形．将试验结果在现场应用后,通过矿压观测,两帮的最大移近量为144mm,顶底板最大移近量为105mm,锚注支护提高了围岩的自承能力,能够维持巷道稳定,为类似地质条件下的巷道支护提供借鉴．     

综放工作面开切巷锚梁网支护技术研究

义马耿村煤矿综放工作面开采易自燃煤层,采用开切巷沿煤层顶板布置.为此首先对开切巷锚梁网支护的设计和施工有关问题进行了研究,然后对巷道顶板围岩进行了深基点位移观测,同时利用超声波技术对巷道两帮进行了松动圈测定,在此基础上讨论了大断面巷道锚杆与围岩之间相互作用关系,最后说明了锚梁网支护效果.本研究成果对大断面巷道锚梁网支护具有一定的参考价值.     

和睦山铁矿采矿进路锚网喷支护参数优化分析

针对大断面采矿进路变形破坏严重、易冒顶等围岩控制难题,提出了全断面锚网喷支护技术方案,采用FLAC3D对支护技术方案围岩控制效果与支护参数进行了优化研究,揭示了不同支护技术方案与支护参数条件下采矿进路围岩稳定演化规律,得到了锚网喷支护结构的最优参数。数值模拟结果表明:随着支护强度提高(锚杆长度增加、间排距减小),采矿进路围岩塑性区破坏深度和位移逐渐减小,采用全断面锚网喷支护技术方案可有效地控制大断面采矿进路围岩的大变形与塑性区扩展,较好的解决了大断面采矿进路支护难题。     

Non-destructive testing and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts

The bolt support quality of coal roadways is one of the important factors for the efficiency and security of coal production. By means of a self-developed technique and equipment of random non-destructive testing, non-destructive detection and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts were performed in a number of mining areas. The measured data were obtained in the detection instances of abnormal in-situ stress and support invalidation etc. The corresponding relation between axial bolt load variation and roadway surrounding rock deformation and stability was summarized in different mining service stages. Pre-warning technology of roadway surrounding rock stability is proposed based on the detection of axial bolt load. Meanwhile, pre-warning indicators of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are offered and some successful pre-warning cases are also illustrated.The research results show that the change rules of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are quite similar in different mining areas. The change of axial bolt load is in accord with the adjustment of surrounding rock stress, which can consequently reflect the deformation and stability state of roadway surrounding rock. Through the detection of axial bolt load in different sections of roadways, the status of real-time bolt support quality can be reflected; meanwhile, the rationality of bolt support design can be evaluated which provides reference for bolting parameters optimization.     

深部巷道围岩控制原理与应用研究

采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验的方法，研究深部巷道围岩稳定问题，认为深部巷道围岩控制的基本方法是提高围岩强度、转移围岩高应力以及采用合理的支护技术．提出了深部巷道围岩控制的基本技术和控制过程：1）应力转移降低巷道浅部围岩应力；2）采用高预紧力、大延伸量的高强度锚杆、锚索支护系统，强化锚固区围岩强度，提高巷道围岩自身稳定性；3）加强巷道两帮、底角支护，提高巷道最薄弱部位（两帮、底角）残余强度、提高巷道围岩的整体稳定性；4）应用高水速凝材料注浆加固破碎区，提高破碎围岩的完整性和力学参数．该研究成果已成功应用于工程实践．     

Comparative study of model tests on automatically formed roadway and gob-side entry driving in deep coal mines

Automatically formed roadway(AFR) by roof cutting with bolt grouting(RCBG) is a new deep coal mining technology. By using this technology, the broken roadway roof is strengthened, and roof cutting is applied to cut off stress transfer between the roadway and gob to ensure the collapse of the overlying strata. The roadway is automatically formed owing to the broken expansion characteristics of the collapsed strata and mining pressure. Taking the Suncun Coal Mine as the engineering background, the control effect of this new technology on roadways was studied. To compare the law of stress evolution and the surrounding rock control mechanisms between AFR and traditional gob-side entry driving, a comparative study of geomechanical model tests on the above methods was carried out. The results showed that the new technology of AFR by RCBG effectively reduced the stress concentration of the roadway compared with gob-side entry driving. The side abutment pressure peak of the solid coal side was reduced by 24.3%, which showed an obvious pressure-releasing effect. Moreover, the position of the side abutment pressure peak was far from the solid coal side, making it more beneficial for roadway stability. The deformation of AFR surrounding rock was also smaller than the deformation of the gob-side entry driving by the overload test. The former was more beneficial for roadway stability than the latter under higher stress conditions. Field application tests showed that the new technology can effectively control roadway deformation. Moreover, the technology reduced roadway excavation and avoided resource waste caused by reserved coal pillars.     

Support technology for mine roadways in extreme weakly cemented strata and its application简

For the engineering geology conditions of bad mine roadway roof and floor lithology in extremely weak cemented strata, the best section shape of the roadway is determined from the study of tunnel surrounding rock displacement, plastic zone and stress distribution in rectangular, circle arch and arch wall sections, respectively. Based on the mining depth and thickness of the coal seam, roadway support technology solutions with different buried depth and thickness of coal seam are proposed. Support schemes are amended and optimized in time through monitoring data of the deformation of roadway, roof separation, I-beam bracket, bolt and anchor cable force to ensure the long-term stability and security of the roadway surrounding rock and support structure. The monitoring results show that mine roadway support schemes for different buried depth and section can be adapted to the characteristics of ground pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock in different depth well, effectively control the roadway surrounding rock deformation and the floor heave and guarantee the safety of construction and basic stability of surrounding rock and support structure.     

陈四楼煤矿煤巷锚杆支护研究

结合陈四楼煤矿 2 4 0 1工作面机巷的具体地质条件 ,对煤巷锚杆支护机理进行了研究 .指出在顶板岩石强度较低的情况下 ,采用高强锚杆支护系统 ,并选择合理的锚固方式 ,可以有效地控制围岩变形 ,保持围岩稳定 .主要介绍了回采巷道锚杆支护的设计思路 ,采用数值模拟方法确定锚杆支护参数并在实施过程中对围岩变形进行监测 .工程实践表明 :应用锚杆支护与棚式支护相比 ,能有效改善围岩的稳定性 ,取得了良好的支护效果 .     

Experimental Study of Deformation of Surrounding Rock with Infrared Radiation

According to the practical conditions of coal roadway in Changcun Coal Mine of Lu＇an Mining Group, the deformation of rock surrounding roadway was experimentally studied by means of thermal infrared （TIP,） imaging system in the process of confined compressions. It is found that the model surface TIR temperature （TIRT） changes with the increase of load. Furthermore, TIRT changes non-synchronously in different ranges such as the roof, floor, wall, corners and bolted ranges. The TIRT is higher in the location of stress concentration and bolted ranges than that in the location of stress relaxation and broken ranges. The interaction ranges of bolt and rock are determined preliminarily according to the corresponding relationship of TIRT fields and the strain fields of the surrounding rock. The new method of TIR image processing has been proved to be effective for the study of bolt support and observation of roadway stability under mine pressure.     

Influence of dynamic pressure on deep underground soft rock roadway support and its application

Due to high ground stress and mining disturbance, the deformation and failure of deep soft rock roadway is serious, and invalidation of the anchor net-anchor cable supporting structure occurs. The failure characteristics of roadways revealed with the help of the ground pressure monitoring. Theoretical analysis was adopted to analyze the influence of mining disturbance on stress distribution in surrounding rock,and the change of stress was also calculated. Considering the change of stress in surrounding rock of bottom extraction roadway, the displacement, plastic zone and distribution law of principal stress difference under different support schemes were studied by means of FLAC3D. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel was proposed for bottom extraction roadway that underwent mining disturbance. We carried out a similarity model test to verify the effect of support in dynamic pressure. Monitoring results demonstrated the change rules of deformation and stress of surrounding rock in different supporting schemes. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel had an effective control on deformation of surrounding rock. The scheme was successfully applied in underground engineering practice, and achieved good technical and economic benefits.     

Characteristics of stress distribution in floor strata and control of roadway stability under coal pillars

Given the difficulties encountered in roadway support under coal pillars, we studied the characteristics of stress distribution and their effect on roadway stability, using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that, under a coal pillar, vertical stress in a floor stratum increases while horizontal stress decreases. We conclude that the increased difference between vertical and horizontal stress is an important reason for deformation of the surrounding rock and failures of roadways under coal pillars. Based on this, we propose control technologies of the surrounding rock of a roadway under a coal pillar, such as high strength and high pre-stressed bolt support, cable reinforcement support,single hydraulic prop with beam support and reinforcement by grouting of the surrounding rock, which have been successfully applied in a stability control project of a roadway under a coal pillar.     

Rules of distribution in a plastic zone of rocks surrounding a roadway affected by tectonic stress

In order to study the rules of distribution in a plastic zone of rocks, surrounding a roadway, affected by tectonic stress, we first analyzed the mechanics of a roadway affected by tectonic stress and derived a theoretical formula for the plastic zone of rocks surrounding a roadway. We also analyzed the distribution characteristics of the plastic zone under different levels of tectonic stress, vertical pressure, cohesion and friction angle of the surrounding rock. Secondly, we used numerical simulation to analyze the range and shape features of the plastic zone of rocks surrounding the roadway, given different tectonic stress levels. Finally we used a rock drilling detector to carry out field measurements on the broken state of rock surrounding the roadway at the -700 substation and channels in the Xinzhuang mine of the Shenhuo mining area. Given the measured ground stress, we analyzed the relationship between tectonic stress and the distribution of this plastic zone. Our results show that the range of the plastic zone at the top and bottom of the roadway increases with an increase in tectonic stress and this increase is especially obvious at the roadway comer.