太阳能电池染料敏化剂研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)是一种成本低廉、制作简单和环境友好新型能源电池,自问世便成为可再生能源研究领域的一个热点。其中染料敏化剂性能的决定了DSSC的整体性能。本文依据染料结构特征将其分类介绍,并讨论了各种敏化剂光电转化效率、优缺点及发展方向。     

TiO2光阳极染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

通过介绍染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,简称DSSC)的研究背景,指出了DSSC的研究意义。从光阳极、染料敏化剂、电解质和对电极等基本构成要素方面综述了DSSC的研究现状,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

TiO_2光阳极染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

通过介绍染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,简称DSSC)的研究背景,指出了DSSC的研究意义。从光阳极、染料敏化剂、电解质和对电极等基本构成要素方面综述了DSSC的研究现状,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

光阳极的前后处理对DSSC性能的影响

为抑制染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)光生电子的背反应,分别利用钛酸四丁酯(TBT)和TiCl4制备了两种TiO2溶胶对DSSC光阳极导电玻璃进行前处理,另外,以TBT制备的TiO2溶胶对光阳极TiO2薄膜进行了后处理。在AM1.5和暗环境下分别考察了前后处理对DSSC性能的影响。结果表明,光阳极的前后处理均有效提高了DSSC的光电转换效率,其中以采用TBT制备的TiO2溶胶进行前处理时的效果最佳;DSSC的光电转换效率随后处理次数的增加而增大;后处理3次时,DSSC的光电转换效率达到5.98%。     

染料敏化太阳能电池TiO2薄膜电极的染料吸附性能研究

采用手工刮涂法制备了染料敏化太阳能电池( DSSC)的TiO2薄膜电极,用解吸的方法和正交试验研究了DSSC电池TiO2薄膜电极的染料吸附性能,并结合统计分析方法对染料吸附试验数据进行了分析处理.研究结果表明TiO2薄膜电极具有最优染料吸附性能的烧结条件为:以2℃/min的速率升温至450℃,保温50 min后随炉冷却...     

TiO_2纳米管阵列对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

通过恒压阳极氧化法在Ti箔表面制备了结构规整的TiO2纳米管阵列,研究了氧化时间和退火温度对纳米管阵列的尺寸和晶体结构的影响。用制得的纳米管阵列电极组装了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC),研究了纳米管长度、退火温度和电极面积对DSSC光电性能的影响。结果表明,纳米管管径和壁厚均与氧化时间无关,而纳米管长度则随着氧化时间延长而增加。在450℃及更低温度退火时,纳米管中只出现锐钛矿相;而在500℃退火时,纳米管中则又出现了金红石相。由厚度为27μm、退火温度为450℃的纳米管阵列电极组装成的DSCC具有最佳的光电转化性能。DSCC的光电转化效率随电极面积的增加而降低。     

中国科研院所承担染料敏化太阳能电池工业化

11月4日,3家中国科研院所与染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)生产商G24 Innovations(G24i)正式签约,承担该技术的工业开发及业务扩展。这3家科研院所分别为:天津的国家纳米     

染敏料化太阳能电池中TiO_2薄膜的研究进展

纳米TiO2薄膜的组成及结构在很大程度上影响着染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率。从微观结构、复合结构、掺杂、表面处理四方面综述了染料敏化太阳能电池中纳米TiO2薄膜的最新研究成果,探讨了如何通过提高电池中纳米TiO2薄膜对光的吸收、提高电荷的传输效率、降低电荷的复合来优化电池性能。对TiO2薄膜的表面处理,是今后发展的一个主要方向。     

TiO_2/SrTiO_3薄膜电极制备及其光电化学性能研究

采用商用P25TiO2为原料制备纳米多孔TiO2电极,用水热法在多孔TiO2表面包覆SrTiO3。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及紫外-可见光谱仪对TiO2/SrTiO3薄膜电极进行表征。探讨了水热反应温度对TiO2/SrTiO3薄膜电极组装染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的光电化学性能影响。结果表明:在纳米多孔TiO2电极表面生成了均匀的SrTiO3包覆层,且SrTiO3包覆的样品吸收边有红移;与TiO2薄膜电极相比,不同水热反应温度下制备的TiO2/SrTiO3薄膜电极组装DSSC的光电转换效率均有所提高,180℃时全光转换效率提高了24%。     

国产染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化率超过10％，接近世界最高水平

华东师范大学科研人员利用纳米材料在实验室中成功研制出一种与叶绿体结构相似的新型电池——染料敏化太阳能电池,经过3年多实验与探索,这块仿生太阳能电池的光电转化效率已超过10%,接近11%的世界最高水平。     

Studies of high-efficient and low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a new type of photoelectric device. To commercialize DSSC successfully, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency of energy conversion and reduce its cost. Nitrogen-doped (N-doped) TiO2 photoanode, the carbon counter electrode (CE), and a new type of hybrid photoanode were investigated in this study. The conversion efficiency of the DSSC reached by 10.10% as the DSSC was fabricated with the N-doped photoanode, and this efficiency is much higher than that of the undoped-DSSC with 8.90%; as the low-cost carbon was used as CE, the efficiency of the DSSC was 7.50%, it was as samilar as that of Pt CE (7.47%); the hybrid DSSC with multilayer photoanode by the film-transfer technique achieved a panchromatic response and a superposed short circuit current density (Jsc) by using two complementary dyes.     

Electrochemical synthesis of a double‐layer film of ZnO nanosheets/nanoparticles and its application for dye‐sensitized solar cells

A double‐layer film, consisting of an upper layer of ZnO nanosheets and a lower layer of ZnO nanoparticles (designated as ZnONS/NP), was synthesized for the photoanode of a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by a one‐step potentiostatic electrodeposition on a conducting fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrate at 70 °C in a solution containing zinc nitrate and sodium acetate, followed by the pyrolysis of the film at 300 °C. The growth mechanism of the double‐layer nanostructure was studied by monitoring the morphological changes at various periods of electrodeposition. The effects of the concentration of acetate anion on the morphology of the double‐layer structure were also studied. The double‐layer film of ZnONS/NP showed a better self‐established light scattering property, compared with that of a thin film of ZnO nanoparticles, prepared without acetate anion. The concentration of an acetate anion in the electrolyte for the electrodeposition of the double‐layer film, the electrodeposition period, and the period for dye adsorption were optimized for obtaining the best performance for a DSSC with a photoanode consisting of the double layer. A metal‐free dye, coded as D149, was used in this research. A conversion efficiency of 4.65% was achieved for a DSSC (0.2376 cm²) with the photoanode, consisting of the double‐layer film, under 100 mW/cm² illumination in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm. X‐ray diffraction patterns, thermo gravimetric curves, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopic images, transmission electron microscopic image, transmission spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectra were used to explain observations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ambient Layer‐by‐Layer ZnO Assembly for Highly Efficient Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

The use of metal oxide interlayers in polymer solar cells has great potential because metal oxides are abundant, thermally stable, and can be used in flexible devices. Here, a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) protocol is reported as a facile, room‐temperature, solution‐processed method to prepare electron transport layers from commercial ZnO nanoparticles and polyacrylic acid (PAA) with a controlled and tunable porous structure, which provides large interfacial contacts with the active layer. Applying the LbL approach to bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells with an optimized ZnO layer thickness of ≈25 nm yields solar cell power‐conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of ≈6%, exceeding the efficiency of amorphous ZnO interlayers formed by conventional sputtering methods. Interestingly, annealing the ZnO/PAA interlayers in nitrogen and air environments in the range of 60–300 °C reduces the device PCEs by almost 20% to 50%, indicating the importance of conformational changes inherent to the PAA polymer in the LbL‐deposited films to solar cell performance. This protocol suggests a new fabrication method for solution‐processed polymer solar cell devices that does not require postprocessing thermal annealing treatments and that is applicable to flexible devices printed on plastic substrates.     

Coral‐shaped ZnO nanostructures for dye‐sensitized solar cell photoanodes

A highly efficient ZnO photoanode for dye‐sensitized solar cells was successfully grown by a simple, low cost, and scalable method. A nanostructured coral‐shaped Zn layer was deposited by sputtering onto fluorine‐doped tin oxide/glass slices at room temperature and then thermally oxidized in ambient atmosphere. Stoichiometry, crystalline phase, quality, and morphology of the film were investigated, evidencing the formation of a highly porous branched nanostructure, with a pure wurtzite crystalline structure. ZnO‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells were fabricated with customized microfluidic architecture. Dye loading on the oxide surface was analyzed with ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, and the dependence of the cell efficiency on sensitizer incubation time and film thickness was studied by current‐voltage electrical characterization, incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency, and impedance spectroscopy measurements, showing the promising properties of this material for the fabrication of dye‐sensitized solar cell photoanodes with a solar conversion efficiency up to 4.58%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低温制备柔性染料敏化太阳电池TiO_2薄膜电极

采用丝网印刷技术在柔性基底ITO/PET上制备TiO2多孔薄膜,经过低温烧结得到TiO2多孔薄膜电极。以D102染料为敏化剂,KI/I2为电解质,Pt电极为对电极,制成电池后测试了电池的光电性能。结果表明:以乙醇作为分散剂添加到P25粉体中,采用丝网印刷技术制膜,100℃低温烧结可以在柔性基底ITO/PET上制备出表面粗糙度良好、具有一定光电性能的TiO2多孔薄膜电极,用其制作的太阳电池转换效率达1.33%。     

Application of non-covalent functionalized carbon nanotubes for the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized noncovalently by lysozyme (LZ), cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), deoxycholate sodium (NaDC) and polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether (Triton X-100), respectively in this study. Four different kinds of functionalized MWCNTs were employed into dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) as the Pt-free counter electrode (CE). The correlation between the dispersion of MWCNTs and electrochemical active area of CE and the photovoltaic characteristic of DSSC were investigated. Among these four DSSCs, the one with Triton X-100 functionalized MWCNTs showed the best energy conversion efficiency of 2.69% which is 11.16% higher than the DSSC using pristine MWCNTs CE (2.42%), yet the efficiency is lower than the DSSC using Pt CE. While the DSSC with CPC, NaDC and LZ functionalized MWCNTs as the CE showed inferior the photovoltaic conversion efficiency than the DSSC using pristine MWCNTs CE. On analysis of the photovoltaic performance of DSSC and the dispersion of MWCNTs and electrochemical active area of CE, it is found that the high efficiency of the DSSC is associated with the good dispersion of MWCNTs and large electrochemical active area of the counter electrode material.     

Photovoltaic Characterization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Composite TiO2–MWCNT Photoelectrodes

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) use the effect of light on dye molecules to generate electricity through a photoelectrochemical mechanism. The aim of this study is to synthesize nanostructured DSSCs based on titania–multiwalled carbon nanotube (TiO₂–MWCNT) composite photoelectrodes and improve their performance and efficiency. DSSCs were fabricated based on single-layer TiO₂–MWCNT photoelectrodes with various weight percentages of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and bilayer TiO₂/TiO₂–2%MWCNT photoelectrodes. The microstructure and thickness of the anodic layers were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Also, to compare the conversion efficiency and determine the electron behavior in the electrical equivalent circuit of these cells, photovoltaic characterization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis were used. The DSSC based on a single-layer TiO₂–2%MWCNT electrode, compared with other single-layer DSSCs in this study, had the highest conversion efficiency of 3.9% (for anodic layer thickness of 9 μm). The efficiency of the solar cell with the bilayer TiO₂/TiO₂–2%MWCNT photoelectrode, in comparison with the single-layer solar cell with the TiO₂–2%MWCNT electrode, showed a 23% increase from 4.33% to 5.35% (for anodic layer thickness of 18 μm). EIS analysis indicated that the charge-transport resistance of the DSSC based on the bilayer photoelectrode, in comparison with the single-layer TiO₂ and TiO₂–2%MWCNT solar cells, was decreased by 68% and 57%, respectively.     

Band gap engineering and modifying surface of TiO2 nanostructures by Fe2O3 for enhanced-performance of dye sensitized solar cell

Well-crystallized Fe₂O₃-modified TiO₂ nanoparticles are prepared by a hydrothermal method and were successfully used as the photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Structural, optical and thermal characterizations were carried out by SEM, XRD, AFM, EDAX, DTG, TG and UV–vis spectroscopy. We show that the solar conversion efficiency, incident photocurrent efficiency (IPCE) and fill factor (FF) of Fe₂O₃-modified TiO₂ are significantly increased, about 40%, compared those of to bare TiO₂. DSSC shows power conversion efficiency of 7.27% based on Fe₂O₃-modified TiO₂ while TiO₂ anatase shows 5.10% solar conversion efficiency. The high improvement in cell performance is attributed to the enhanced light harvesting and high specific surface area for adsorbing more dye molecules in Fe₂O₃-modified TiO₂ nanostructures.     

Enhanced photovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cell using TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles on top of free standing TiO2 nanotube arrays

Photovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with absorber layer of TiO₂ nanotube (NT)/TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs)/ZnO NPs was investigated. Fabricated DSSC exhibits enhanced open circuit voltage, current density and power conversion efficiency compared with DSSC having absorber layer of TiO₂ NT/ TiO₂ NPs and TiO₂ NT/ZnO NPs. To further explore the dynamics of charge transport and recombination processes, electrochemical impedance analysis, intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy and photocurrent spectroscopy were carried out on the fabricated DSSCs. It was found that an optimal combination of TiO₂/ZnO NPs on top of TiO₂ NTs reduces the electron recombination and improves transport pathways, resulting in an efficient charge collection of 99%.