聚合模式下网约车市场的定价策略研究

针对聚合模式给网约车市场带来的收益分配和价格竞争问题,引入平台抽成和出行服务商服务差异刻画聚合模式下网约车市场的特征,构建了聚合平台和两服务商的斯坦伯格博弈模型,探讨了在聚合模式下网约车市场的定价均衡。随后引入平台补贴定价策略,分析了补贴策略对市场均衡定价以及聚合平台、出行服务商期望收益的影响。研究表明：聚合模式下出行服务商服务差异是影响平台抽成比例和网约车市场服务定价的重要因素,对聚合平台和出行服务商的期望收益有双向影响;平台对出行者的价格补贴提高了补贴前网约车市场的服务定价,导致平台抽成增加;采用合理的补贴定价策略可以有效提升出行服务商和聚合平台的收益,同时改进社会福利。     

网格资源交易过程中的自主定价策略

基于计算市场的网格系统资源分配的一个关键步骤是对资源的合理定价,本文给出了一种新的在每次交易过程中由买卖双方自主确定价格的方法。这种定价方法与现实生活中的商品交易更相近。与现有的其他定价策略相比,该策略是一种分布式的定价方案,与分布式资源分配的要求相适应。此外定价与交易相结合,价格仅由交易双方制定,且仅限于本次交易中有效,使得这种定价更加灵活,也更能充分适应网格资源的实时变化。     

一种丢包率比例区分服务及其实现*

摘要：针对区分服务的定量描述和提供问题,基于比例区分模型提出了一种丢包率比例区分的确保服务,并给出了一种基于丢包率测量和动态调节RED队列最大丢包概率因子的实现机制。作为区分服务模型的一种扩充,丢包率比例区分服务有利于运营商制定细致的价格策略,也便于用户平衡价格和性能因素选择合适的服务。     

基于表达式的优惠模型研究

在业务运营支撑系统中,灵活的优惠策略是保障运营商针对客户的不同需求提供个性化服务的关键。在分析传统优惠策略不足的基础上,构建了四层优惠逻辑模型,引入了基于表达式的优惠函数。该模型能够提供丰富的优惠计算方法,以便运营商制定灵活的优惠策略,更好地实现“以客户为中心”的服务理念。验证表明：提出的基于表达式的优惠策略具有良好的灵活性、配置性和实用性。     

基于区分服务网络的QoS多播模型

针对已有区分服务多播模型中存在的不足,提出一种基于区分服务网络的QoS多播模型。该模型在解决非预留资源子树问题、可扩展问题、异构问题的同时,根据多播的树型传输特点采用基于链路的资源分配策略,从而提高了网络的资源利用率,与QoS多播路由算法集成可以有效地解决服务类间的公平性问题。     

DiffServ和MPLS相结合的流量工程机制

MPLSTE对传统的流量工程进行扩展,实现端到端的QoS保证,但是以流量中继为服务粒度。对流量缺乏区分服务的能力。DifIServ模型提供了区分服务,但是缺乏端到端的QoS有效路由策略。通过将MPLSTE的有效路由策略和DiffServ的区分服务相结合,引入区分服务感知的流量工程．运用带宽约束模型,在网络中实现端到端区分服务的QoS保证。     

一种细粒度的区分服务及QoS映射优化研究

针对传统区分服务模型服务等级分类有限,结合策略管理的优势,提出了基于策略的细粒度区分服务概念,给出了不同类型区分服务的通用描述形式,提出了基于遗传算法的细粒度服务优化算法.当系统资源不足以满足多媒体流的传输要求或者用户需要细粒度的区分服务质量时,通过启用遗传算法对PHB进行组合优化,能够在较少的代数内求得满足用户QoS要求的最优解,实验表明该算法可行.     

层叠IP/WDM网络中的区分服务

为层叠IP/WDM网络提出基于光通路物理跳距评估的区分服务机制。在使用层叠模型的IP/WDM网络体系中,如IP/MPLS层不了解光通路的物理跳距,现有文献中以此信息为基础的区分服务策略即不再适用。采用光通路区分策略评估光通路的物理跳距,映射为连接消耗的波长资源量,使用QoS接入控制机制拒绝占用大量资源的低优先级连接请求。仿真结果表明,该机制能够为不同等级业务提供良好的区分服务。     

一种基于多agent学习的电子市场智能定价方法

B2B电子市场的定价问题是一个半学习半推理的连续决策过程,每个定价agent不是直接采用多agent学习算法下的均衡策略,而是根据博弈历史进行推理决策,并不断学习对手的策略。提出了基于内省推理方法的多agent环境下agent高效在线学习方法,将基于对手模型的客观观察行为与基于换位思考推理的主观意图推测结合起来。仿真结果证实了算法在电子市场定价中的有效性。     

一种基于区分服务模型的分组丢弃算法

分组丢弃算法是区分服务模型中“逐跳行为”(PHB)的重要控制策略。目前Internet网络中采用的分组丢弃策略大多为尾部丢弃(DropTail),不能适应区分服务模型的要求;而RED及其改进算法也不能提供公平性和相对优先级的保证。文章简要分析了目前常见分组丢弃算法所存在的不足之处,提出了一种基于区分服务模型的新型分组丢弃算法----TCRED算法,该算法采用同一组RED参数对三种颜色的分组进行队列管理。实验表明,TCRED算法很好地满足了AFPHB的要求。     

SLA-based QoS pricing in DiffServ networks

The availability of high-speed transmission media and networking equipment in contemporary networks, as well as the evolution of quality-demanding applications has focused research interest on the provision of advanced qualitative services in addition to the traditional best-effort model of the Internet. A number of alternatives for service differentiation and QoS provisioning have been proposed and standardized, but in the case of backbone, transport networks the DiffServ architecture has prevailed, due to its scalability and deployment feasibility. The provisioning of services according to the DiffServ framework has in turn raised the requirements for interdependent, controlled resource allocation and service pricing, with particular needs for pricing mechanisms that preserve the potential and flexibility of DiffServ. At the same time, such mechanisms should reflect resource usage, allocate resources efficiently, reimburse costs or maximize service provision profits and lead customers to requesting services that will maximize their revenue. In this work, after reviewing related research, the principles that a pricing scheme for DiffServ-based services should follow are presented, stressing the differences form traditional Internet pricing. Based on these principles, an analytical approach to pricing a particular class of DiffServ-based services and a methodology for applying this approach in a real network are proposed and evaluated.     

Quality-of-service mapping mechanism for packet video indifferentiated services network

This paper presents a futuristic framework for quality-of-service (QoS) mapping between practically categorized packet video and relative differentiated service (DiffServ or DS) network employing unified priority index and adaptive packet forwarding mechanism under a given pricing model (e.g., DiffServ level differentiated price/packet). Video categorization is based on the relative priority index (RPI), which represents the relative preference per each packet in terms of loss and delay. We propose an adaptive packet forwarding mechanism for a DiffServ network to provide persistent service differentiation. Effective QoS mapping is then performed by mapping video packets onto different DiffServ levels based on RPI. To verify the efficiency of proposed strategy, the end-to-end performance is evaluated through an error resilient packet video transmission using ITU-T H.263+ codec over a simulated DiffServ network. Results show that the proposed QoS mapping mechanism can exploit the relative DiffServ advantage and result in the persistent service differentiation among DiffServ levels and the enhanced end-to-end video quality with the same pricing constraint     

基于Linux流控机制的QoS网络

对Linux内核中的流控机制进行剖析，以区分服务(DiffServ)模型为侧重点，根据区分服务模型的体系结构，提出了利用Linux流控机制实现加速转发逐跳行为的应用方案。实验表明，该方案适合于QoS网络的构建。     

区分服务网络基于测量的接纳控制方案的设计与应用

提出了一种分布式可扩展的接纳控制方案，其目的是为区分服务网络提供端到端服务质量（Quality of Services,QoS)保证，该方案主要由以下部分构成：（1）连接接纳控制协议，主要负责主机和网络节点以及网络节点和带宽代理之间的信息传送，实现对连接请求的串行操作；（2）位于网络核心节点的可用带宽估计算法；（3）位于网络边缘节点的接纳控制算法；给出了该方案在视频传输方面的应用实例；利用多种网络拓扑结构和QoS指标评价该方案的性能，实验结果表明该方案能准确地控制可接纳区域和提高网络资源的利用率。     

一种面向区分服务网络的动态拥塞解决方案

拥塞控制是网络技术中一个非常重要的问题，研究区分服务（DiffServ）网络的拥塞控制具有重要的实际意义。本文提出了一个面向DiffServ网络的拥塞控制方案，其基本思想是在DiffServ网络中设立拥塞控制中心，负责检测网络的运行状态，在发生拥塞时发出控制指令以缓解拥塞。本方案应用模糊控制技术，并结合速率控制在入口边界节点上限制数据流的速率，以达到控制拥塞的目的。     

基于IXP2800网络处理器的DiffServ分类器的实现

多媒体业务的出现,使得传统的公平服务的服务质量已不能满足此类业务实时性要求。DiffServ机制通过设置优先级和边缘监管实现了对不同业务的区分对待。分类器是DiffServ机制实现的一个必要部件。该四元组分类器在一种通用网络处理器IXP2800上实现,并在Intel的仿真环境workbench下验证通过。     

Joint source coding and packet classification for real-time video transmission over differentiated services networks

Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is one of the leading architectures for providing quality of service in the Internet. We propose a scheme for real-time video transmission over a DiffServ network that jointly considers video source coding, packet classification, and error concealment within a framework of cost-distortion optimization. The selections of encoding parameters and packet classification are both used to manage end-to-end delay variations and packet losses within the network. We present two dual formulations of the proposed scheme: the minimum distortion problem, in which the objective is to minimize the end-to-end distortion subject to cost and delay constraints, and the minimum cost problem, which minimizes the total cost subject to end-to-end distortion and delay constraints. A solution to these problems using Lagrangian relaxation and dynamic programming is given. Simulation results demonstrate the advantage of jointly adapting the source coding and packet classification in DiffServ networks.     

一种新的支持区分服务的动态队列管理方案

首先简述Intemet的服务质量保证能力的不足,分析了区分服务的网络系统模型和实现机制,然后提出一种边界结点采用基于TSW的三色标记算法和核心结点采用自适应RIO算法相结合的支持区分服务的路由队列调度和管理方案。最后对该方案的带宽资源使用效率进行分析,能够保证各个流聚集在共享带宽资源的公平性。     

Assured end-to-end QoS through adaptive marking in multi-domain differentiated services networks

The issue of resource management in multi-domain Differentiated Services (DiffServ) networks has attracted a lot of attention from researchers who have proposed various provisioning, adaptive marking and admission control schemes. In this paper, we propose a Reinforcement Learning-based Adaptive Marking (RLAM) approach for providing assured end-to-end quality of service (QoS) in the form of end-to-end delay and throughput assurances, while minimizing packet transmission cost since ‘expensive’ Per Hop Behaviors like Expedited Forwarding (EF) are used only when necessary. The proposed scheme tries to satisfy per flow end-to-end QoS through control action,s which act on flow aggregates in the core of the network. Using an ns2 simulation of a multi-domain DiffServ network with multimedia traffic, the RLAM scheme is shown to be effective in significantly lowering packet transmission costs without sacrificing end-to-end QoS, when compared to the commonly used static marking scheme.