基于ProCAST的40CrNiMo金属型铸造微观组织分析

以40CrNiMo多元合金的金属型铸造为研究对象,计算获得了40CrNiMo的形核和生长参数。基于ProCAST软件及CAFE模块,建立了40CrNiMo圆柱型棒料铸造充型和凝固组织演变有限元模型。对比分析了铸造工艺、浇注温度、浇注时间、换热系数和冷却介质等工艺条件对凝固缺陷和微观组织的影响。结果表明,金属型铸件相对砂型铸件的整体组织更致密、晶粒更细小。金属型铸造时,采取较低的浇注温度、较大的换热系数和激冷能力较强的冷却介质,铸件的缩松和缩孔缺陷相对较少且微观组织相对致密。     

凝固模拟中铸件／冷铁界面条件的处理

在一堆凝固传热条件下,通过多点非线性估计方法计算得出界面换热系数与界面处冷铁一侧温度的关系(h-T_(ic))曲线。本文认为此曲线较换热系数与时间的关系(h-τ)曲线更为本质地反映了界面热交换的特征,并首次将h-T_(ic)曲线应用于一般铸件的凝固模拟,获得了满意的计算结果。本文还考察了铸件/冷铁界面换热条件的不同处理方法对模拟蛄果的敏感性。采用计算机图形显示技术处理数据。     

铝合金铸件／金属型界面间隙及换热系数通用化的研究

本文首次通过理论推导和对多因素试验条件下的测试结果进行多元最小二乘回归处理,得到了铝合金长方形铸件在金属型(表面有氧化锌涂层)重力铸造条件下,界面间隙及换热系数计算的通用化公式.公式中系统地考虑了铸件及铸型的热物理参数、工艺条件、位置等因素的影响.利用公式得到的界面热边界参数用于一般铸件的计算机凝固模拟,取得了与实测相吻合的结果.此通用化公式的建立对丰富计算机凝固模拟热边界参数数据库具有一定的作用.     

高温合金定向凝固界面换热系数逆向求解与验证

通过实验采集了DD6单晶叶片定向凝固过程温度场数据,基于数值模拟逆向求解确定了定向凝固过程中界面换热系数。采用这些界面换热系数进行了ProCAST数值模拟,得到了凝固过程位移场,并与真实叶片实测位移场进行比较,证实仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了反求界面系数的可靠性。     

高温合金定向凝固界面换热系数逆向求解算法与应用

使用双铂铑(Pt-Rh₃₀/Pt-Rh₆（B）)热电偶采集单晶叶片定向凝固过程温度场数据,基于数值模拟逆向求解出定向凝固过程中高温合金DD6与模壳之间的界面换热系数,并分析了界面换热系数随界面温度变化的关系。采用得到的界面换热系数,基于ProCAST数值模拟,得到的仿真温度场数据与实测温度场数据吻合良好,单晶叶片定向凝固过程数值模拟精度得到有效提高。     

铸造成形过程用界面换热系数求解的轴对称件反传热模型

准确设置边界条件是保证数值模拟精度的前提。本文针对凝固过程中的轴对称铸件建立相应的反传热模型求解其界面换热系数,对Pro CAST仿真的温度值与正传热算法计算结果进行了比较,证实了正传热算法的计算精度,进而对比假设的实际热流与反算的热流值,验证了建立的轴对称反传热模型计算界面换热系数和界面热流的有效性及准确性。     

铝合金模精密铸造界面换热系数测量

熔模精密铸造对于铸件近净成形具有重要意义,但目前鲜见对其铸件-铸型界面换热系数的相关研究.本试验在一维传热模型中采用非线性估算法对工业纯铝在熔模铸造过程中与型壳的换热行为进行了研究,分析结果表明:在凝固前期,铸件与型壳之间的热流密度基本不变,而界面换热系数随两者温差减小而增大;凝固中期,界面换热系数随着整体固相分数增加而线性下降;凝固后期,界面换热系数下降变得十分缓慢.将在一维模型中反求得到的界面换热系数应用到三维铸件模型中,得到的模拟温度与实测温度基本吻合,证明通过一维模型与非线性估算法求取的界面换热系数比较准确,有望在铝合金精密铸造温度模拟中得到应用.     

铝合金ADC12Z高压铸造过程中铸件与铸型间界面热交换系数的研究

通过采集高压铸造过程中铸型内部温度的变化曲线,采用热传导反算法,求解了以铝合金ADC12Z为铸件材料的铸件-铸型界面换热系数,分析了该界面换热系数随铸件厚度的变化规律.计算及分析结果表明:在压铸过程中,铸件-铸型界面换热系数迅速升至最大值,随后下降,凝固结束后趋于稳定.铸件厚度增大不仅提高了换热系数,而且对换热系数的变化趋势也有很大影响.同时,不同厚度的铸件,其固相率和冷却速率的变化规律也有较大区别.     

金属快速凝固的非平衡超急速传热模型

运用非Fourier传热理论建立了金属快速凝固过程中的非平衡传热理论模型，包括非Fourier方程的建立、传热与相变模拟，模拟计算表明：（1）在溅射激冷条件下，界面换热系数越大，界面冷却速度和移动速度也越高。在界面换热系数相同时，计算得到的界面冷却速度随着固－液界面高度的提高呈现先上升而后下降的变化趋势；计算得到的冷却速度值明显小于Fourier定律的计算值。（2）在激光加热条件下，计算的界面移动速度在凝固开始时先急剧增加，然后渐趋平稳，计算还表明，金属的过热及过冷度与其热物性相关。     

镁合金铸造成形过程宏观／微观模拟

通过研究镁合金压铸过程中界面热,采用热传导反算法确定压铸过程的界面换热系数,研究镁合金压铸过程中工艺参数及凝固过程对铸件界面换热系数的影响规律,建立镁合金压铸过程界面换热边界条件的处理模型,以实现镁合金压铸过程中凝固过程的准确预测。通过实验研究镁合金压铸过程中凝固组织,建立了镁合金压铸过程中形核模型。采用CA方法,建立了镁合金枝晶生长模型,以实现镁合金凝固组织的预测。采用相场方法研究了镁合金枝晶生长形貌。     

软接触结晶器电磁连铸中初始凝固的基础研究

通过实验和数值模拟研究了软接触结晶器电磁连铸传热凝固特点,测定了金属Ｓｎ在连铸中的温度场,初始凝固点和坯壳厚度,得到了电磁场影响它们的基本规律。在数学模型中考虑了高频电磁场对金属的传热凝固的以下影响;（１）对结晶器的感应加热;（２）对金属的加热;（３）电磁力推斥液力金属,减少金属与结晶器壁接触的影响。     

铝铸锭凝固边界热交换规律及温度场模拟

研究铝铸锭凝固边界热交换的变化规律及数学模型,并对不同浇注温度下凝固过程的温度场进行模拟。利用实时数据采集系统获得凝固过程中铸锭和金属模温度变化历史数据,采用非线性反算法和一维传热差分法对试验数据处理,建立界面换热模型并将其应用于凝固温度场模拟中。结果表明：在铸锭表面凝固前后凝固界面热流密度可分段用指数函数来描述其变化规律,而所建立的热交换系数与边界温度的对应关系可更好地反映实际的传热情况。模拟结果与实验测温结果相符,验证了该铸件/铸型边界热交换规律的可靠性。     

Casting/mold thermal contact heat transfer during solidification of Al-Cu-Si alloy (LM 21) plates in thick and thin molds

Heat flow at the casting/mold interface was assessed and studied during solidification of Al-Cu-Si (LM 21) alloy in preheated cast iron molds of two different thicknesses, coated with graphite and alumina based dressings. The casting and the mold were instrumented with thermocouples connected to a computer controlled temperature data acquisition system. The thermal history at nodal locations in the mold and casting obtained during experimentation was used to estimate the heat flux by solving the one-dimensional inverse heat conduction problem. The cooling rate and solidification time were measured using the computer-aided cooling curve analysis data. The estimated heat flux transients showed a peak due to the formation of a stable solid shell, which has a higher thermal conductivity compared with the liquid metal in contact with the mold wall prior to the occurrence of the peak. The high values of heat flux transients obtained with thin molds were attributed to mold distortion due to thermal stresses. For thin molds, assumption of Newtonian heating yielded reliable interfacial heat transfer coefficients as compared with one-dimensional inverse modeling. The time of occurrence of peak heat flux increased with a decrease in the mold wall thickness and increase in the casting thickness.     

Effect of superheat,mold, and casting materials on the metal/mold interfacial heat transfer during solidification in graphite-lined permanent molds

Heat transfer during the solidification of an Al-Cu-Si alloy (LM4) and commercial pure tin in single steel, graphite, and graphite-lined metallic (composite) molds was investigated. Experiments were carried out at three different superheats. In the case of composite molds, the effect of the thickness of the graphite lining and the outer wall on heat transfer was studied. Temperatures at known locations inside the mold and casting were used to solve the Fourier heat conduction equation inversely to yield the casting/mold interfacial heat flux transients. Increased melt superheats and higher thermal conductivity of the mold material led to an increase in the peak heat flux at the metal/mold interface. Factorial experiments indicated that the mold material had a significant effect on the peak heat flux at the 5% level of significance. The ratio of graphite lining to outer steel wall and superheat had a significant effect on the peak heat flux in significance range varying between 5 and 25%. A heat flux model was proposed to estimate the maximum heat flux transients at different superheat levels of 25 to 75 °C for any metal/mold combinations having a thermal diffusivity ratio (α _R) varying between 0.25 and 6.96. The heat flow models could be used to estimate interfacial heat flux transients from the thermophysical properties of the mold and cast materials and the melt superheat. Metallographic analysis indicated finer microstructures for castings poured at increased melt superheats and cast in high-thermal diffusivity molds.     

Microstructure and solidification thermal parameters in thin strip continuous casting of a stainless steel

The present work focuses on the relationships between solidification thermal parameters and the dendritic microstructure of an AISI 304 stainless steel solidified both in a strip casting pilot equipment (twin-roll) and in a directional solidification simulator. Experimental studies were conducted with a stainless steel strip casting obtained in a twin-roll continuous caster pilot equipment and in samples solidified in a directional solidification simulator with two different melt superheats. In both cases, the surface of the substrates was similar, with mean surface roughness of about 0.3 μm. After solidification, the specimens were cut at different positions from the metal/mold interface and etched for metallographic examination. An empirical equation from the literature relating secondary dendrite arm spacing and cooling rates was used to demonstrate the similarity of the cooling efficiency. The results have shown that the simulator can be used in the determination of transient metal/mold interface coefficients (h_i) and in the preprogramming of the strip casting operational conditions as a function of roll materials and surface roughness.     

Multiscale X-ray and Proton Imaging of Bismuth-Tin Solidification

The formation of structural patterns during metallic solidification is complex and multiscale in nature, ranging from the nanometer scale, where solid–liquid interface properties are important, to the macroscale, where casting mold filling and intended heat transfer are crucial. X-ray and proton imaging can directly interrogate structure, solute, and fluid flow development in metals from the microscale to the macroscale. X-rays permit high spatio-temporal resolution imaging of microscopic solidification dynamics in thin metal sections. Similarly, high-energy protons permit imaging of mesoscopic and macroscopic solidification dynamics in large sample volumes. In this article, we highlight multiscale x-ray and proton imaging of bismuth-tin alloy solidification to illustrate dynamic measurement of crystal growth rates and solute segregation profiles that can be that can be acquired using these techniques.     

高拉速方坯连铸结晶器钢渣界面行为特征

对于高拉速连铸,结晶器内高通钢量下的钢液与保护渣流动行为控制是保证结晶器区合理凝固与冷却控制的重要一环。通过建立三维方坯连铸结晶器内多相流动、传热与凝固耦合数学模型,研究结晶器内高速钢液瞬态流动现象及其对液面波动与保护渣流动的影响。结果表明,结晶器内高速钢液冲击钢渣界面使弯月面处形成明显的凸起,同时导致水口附近界面波动剧烈。液态保护渣的流动行为受液面波动影响较大,不连续的保护渣流入造成了厚度不均匀的固态渣膜形成,不规整的固态渣膜转而又阻碍了液态保护渣的流入。     

切缝式软接触电磁连铸结晶器的冷却效果分析

模拟了切缝式软接触电磁连铸结晶器的冷却效果及内部钢液的凝固。结果表明：感应热在铸坯纵向上主要集中在切缝对应的位置。在径向上主要集中在约5mm厚的铸坯表层；施加感应热后，结晶器出口的凝固坯壳厚度减小约0．5mm，说明感应加热对铸坯冷却效果影响不大；高频磁场产生的感应热使结晶器热面温度提高了6K，结晶器冷面温度提高了3K，不会对结晶器的耐热强度造成较大的影响。     

EFFECT OF INTERMITTENT HIGH FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON INITIAL SOLIDIFICATION IN CONTINUOUS CASTING

1.IntroductionThesurfacequalityofcontinuouslycastingotscanbeimprovedbyimposingahighfrequencymagneticfieldfromtheoutsideofamold.Slowcoolingsolidificationofmeltisthoughttobeanimportantreasonofimprovingsurfacequalityll--4].Inordertoclarifythemechanismofimprovingsurfacequalitybyimposingmagneticfieldandcontroltheinitialsolidificationofcontinuouslycastmetal,itisimportanttostudytheeffectofslowcoolingcausedbymagneticfield.onthetemperaturedistributionofthemeltandtheformationpositionofinitialsolidificat…     

Heat transfer characteristics of lost foam casting process of magnesium alloy

1 Introduction The growing demand for mass reduction in aerospace and automotive industries has greatly increased the magnesium application. Currently, casting is the main industrial forming method for magnesium alloys, but the lag of research and develop…