湖北及邻区现代构造应力场初析

本文根据湖北及邻区1969至1981年的地震资料,分别求解了三峡、麻城、蒲圻、丹江4个地区的小震综合断层面解。分析结果表明,湖北及邻区现代构造应力场是不一致的,其中鄂中—三峡地区主压应力为北北东—南南西向;鄂东地区主压应力为北东东—南西西向;鄂东南地区主压应力为北西西—南东东向;鄂西北地区主压应力为北西西—近东西向。这与本区Ms≥3.0地震的震源机制结果基本相符。这种不同方向的构造应力场,反映了我国华北、华南和西部地区构造应力场作用交界部位的一种特殊现象。     

大同地区3次地震序列构造应力张量变化特征的研究

利用1989~2002年间3次大同地震序列中共计700多次中小地震的震源机制解资料,应用Gephart(1990)的应力张量反演方法研究了这3次地震序列的构造应力张量的总体变化特征和时序变化特征,研究发现3次主震发生前震源及附近地区的构造应力作用较强,主震发生前后,应力方向存在细节差异,但是最大主压应力方向与华北地区的构造应力场方向基本一致,只有1999年震前阶段的最大主压应力方向为226°(SW向),分析认为这可能是华北地区构造应力场与大同地区局部构造应力场相互作用的结果。     

滇西北新构造运动时期构造应力场变化特征的探讨

本文通过对滇西北地区水系分布格局、地质构造及前人研究的地震震源机制解等资料的综合分析对比指出:研究区内,主要是红河断裂带附近及以东地区,新构造时期的应力场经历了由近东西—北西—北北西向的顺时针转变过程。基本上早更新世为北西向;晚更新世中期以前的压应力方向为近东西向;中更新世以来为北北西向。水系分布格局反映的应力场与地质、地震等方面的资料所反映的应力场有较好的一致性,说明利用水系分布来研究本区的应力场是一种可取的方法。     

东南沿海地震区的现代构造应力场

根据断层面的最新错动方向，震源机制解和地壳形变等资料，研究了东南沿海地区的现代构造应力场，结果表明：本区构造应力场可大致划分为两个分区：长乐－诏安断裂带以东地区主压应力轴为近东西向；以西地区的主压应力轴近南北向。     

由M_L≥4.0地震震源机制解推断四川理县-黑水断裂构造特征

基于四川台网宽频带数字地震波形资料和CAP波形反演方法,提取了四川理县-黑水地区2008年1月至2014年12月10个M_L≥4.0中等强度地震的震源机制解。结果显示:10个中等强度地震震源机制解节面分布主要集中在北西-南东和北东-南西两个优势分布方向。据众多学者研究结果推断,北西-南东向展布的节面为发震断层面;理县-黑水断裂大致沿北47°西(近北西向)展布,属高倾角陡峭断裂,主倾向南西;压应力(P轴)呈近东西水平挤压特征,与断层面斜交,以左旋走滑运动为主;张应力(T轴)呈近南北水平撕裂特征;中等强度地震的震源主压应力方向与青藏地块东部地区主压应变率方向比较一致,说明理县-黑水断裂主要是受区域应力场控制的一个区域性构造左旋走滑断裂。     

聊城——兰考断裂带及其邻区现代地壳应力场与地震活动

本文利用聊城——兰考断裂带及其邻区25个小地震震源机制结果及近期小地震资料,分析了本区现代地壳应力场以及地震活动的基本特征。发现:本区主压应力轴取向为北东东(近东西)向,主张应力轴为北北西(近南北)向,与华北地区应力场相差甚微,与1937年荷泽7级地震震源应力场极为一致;分区应力主轴取向的稳定性有一定差别;相应的地震活动方式(时间、空间特征等)亦不尽相同。     

乌鲁木齐地区现今构造应力场综合分析

乌鲁木齐地处天山中段.震源机制解研究表明,北天山中段区域主压应力方向为N10°E左右,且具有自西向东逐渐东偏的特点.在乌鲁木齐地区,由中强地震震源机制解反演的主压应力方向为N15°-20°E;由断层滑动资料反演的乌鲁木齐周边构造应力场的主压应力方向为N17°W-N2°E.上述两种资料反演的乌鲁木齐构造应力场主压应力方向...     

唐山大震前后震区构造应力场的光弹性模拟实验

本文根据唐山震区的地质构造模拟制作光弹模型,以N60°E方向加压进行唐山震前应力场的光弹性模拟实验。用打孔的方法模拟强震的应力释放。实验结果表明:1.在N60°E方向压缩时,唐山—丰南一带、滦县、野鸡坨和卢龙等地区是最大剪应力集中区,与唐山7.8级、滦县7.1级地震及强余震的震中分布基本吻合。说明唐山大震及余震的发生是近东西向压应力场作用的结果。2.当唐山7.8级地震应力释放后,震前具有高应力背景值的其它地区,应力进一步加强。说明唐山地震的发生导致了应力场的重新调整,增强了强余震发震的动力条件。3.实验结果证明,在断裂带两侧、端部或几条断裂的复合部位,其主应力方向与区域应力场的总体方向比较,大致有10°～25°的偏转。强震的应力释放导致震中区附近的主应力方向与震前相比也发生约10°～20°的偏差。     

2010年玉树M_S 7.1地震发震断层面参数的确定

本研究将利用余震分布和区域应力场确定大震断层面参数的方法应用于2010年玉树MS7.1级地震发震断层面参数的确定,获得了本次地震断层面参数为:走向294.6°,倾角78.0°,滑动角7.5°,属于左旋走滑型地震和甘孜—玉树断裂带的性质相一致.主震前后应力场反演结果表明该区域的应力场为:中间主应力轴近直立,最大和最小主应力轴近水平,且发现玉树地震前后震源区应力场存在偏转现象,最大主压应力轴由震前的NEE向逆时针旋转至震后的NNE向,震后最大主压应力轴与断层走向近垂直,表明主震对震源区应力释放较为充分.     

P波极性揭示的甘东南地区构造应力场特征

通过分析甘东南宽频带流动台阵以及周边固定台站2010年11月1日-2011年11月30日记录的大量近震资料,对区域地震进行了重新定位.根据P波极性数据推断了甘东南地区主应力轴方向,给出了0.25°×0.25°的构造应力场方向.结果显示,甘东南地区最大主压应力轴表现出旋转特性.最大主压应力轴由北部的NEE向逐渐向南部偏转为近EW向和SEE向.结合该区域其它结果讨论了本区域应力场的成因机制.     

云南地区地壳介质各向异性-快剪切波偏振特性

通过对云南遥测地震台网2000年1月1日——2003年12月31日4年资料的分析， 使用剪切波分裂SAM综合分析方法，获得了云南地区10个数字地震台站的快剪切波偏振结果. 结果表明， 云南地区大部分台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向主要为近N——S或NNW方向； 位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向与活动断裂的走向一致；与GPS主压应变方向一致，与区域主压应力方向基本一致；少数台站的快剪切波偏振较为复杂，或与活动断裂的走向及GPS主压应变方向不一致. 这样的台站总是位于几个断裂的交会处，反映了复杂的断裂背景和复杂的应力分布特征. 快剪切波偏振优势方向代表了原地最大主压应力方向，受到区域应力场和断裂分布等多种因素的控制.      

ANALYSIS OF THE CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF THE COMPOSITE FAULT PLANE SOLUTION OBTAINED FROM THE GRID SEARCH METHOD: AN EXAMPLE OF SOUTHERN JIANGXI PROVINCE

In order to quantitatively analyze the reliability of the composite fault plane solution of small earthquakes, the Bootstrap sampling technique is introduced into the grid search method, and the ideas and methods for calculating the confidence interval from the grid search method are proposed initially. There are two sample sets that can represent the characteristics of the composite fault plane solution. One sample set is the optional solutions obtained by the grid search method and the other is obtained by the Bootstrap sampling technique. Then, we calculate the confidence intervals of the two sample sets (P, B and T axis). The research results of tectonic stress field in southern Jiangxi Province are relatively few. In view of such situation, we use the focal mechanism solutions of small earthquakes to calculate and analyze the composite fault plane solution and the confidence interval. This study shows that the confidence interval of the principal stress axis can be obtained well by both of the sample methods. The reliability of the results and the confidence range of the principal stress axis can be better represented by the confidence intervals. The middle principal stress in southern Jiangxi Province is nearly vertical, and the maximum and minimum principal stresses are nearly horizontal. The direction of maximum principal stress is NWW-SEE and that of the minimum principal stress is NNE-SSW. And, the area is in a strike-slip stress regime. The results are consistent with previous studies, and the stress directions obtained by previous researchers are within the confidence interval calculated by this paper.     

FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTION AND TECTONIC STRESS FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MIDDLE TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS,XINJIANG

The middle part of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang is located in the north-central part of the Tianshan orogenic belt, between the rigid Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin. It is one of the regions with frequent deformation and strong earthquake activities. In this paper, 492 M_S>2.5 earthquake events recorded by Xinjiang seismograph network from 2009 to 2018 were collected. The M_S3.5 earthquake was taken as the boundary, the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake events in this region were calculated by CAP method and FOCEMEC method respectively. At the same time the focal mechanism solutions of GCMT recorded historical earthquake events in this region were also collected. According to the global stress map classification standard, the moderate-strong earthquakes in the region are mainly dominated by thrust with a certain slip component, which are distributed near the combined belts of the Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Turpan Basin and Yili Basin with Tianshan Mountains. The thrust component decreases from south to north, while the strike-slip component increases. The spatial distribution characteristics of the tectonic stress field in the middle section of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang are obtained by using the damped regional-scale stress field inversion method. The maximum principal compressive stress in axis the study area rotated in a fan shape from west to east, the NW direction in the western section gradually shifted to NE direction, its elevation angle is nearly horizontal, in the state of near horizontal compression. The minimum principal compressive stress axis is nearly EW, and the elevation angle is nearly vertical. Influenced by large fault zones such as Kashi River, Bolhinur, Nalati, Fukang, the southern margin of the Junggar and the north Beiluntai, the local regional stress field presents complex diversity. Under the influence of the northward extrusion of Pamir and Tarim blocks, the whole Tianshan is shortened by compression, but its shortening rate decreases from south to north and from west to east, the stress shape factor increases gradually from west to east, the intermediate principal compressive stress axis exhibits a change in compression to extension. There are some differences in the characteristics of tectonic stress field between the north and south of Tianshan Mountains. The regional maximum principal compressive stress axis is 15° north by east on the south side, while it is nearly NS on the north side. The deformation of the Tianshan Mountains and the two basins on both sides is obviously larger than that in the inside of the mountain. Changes in the crustal shortening rate caused by the rotation of the rigid Tarim block and Junggar block to the relatively soft Tianshan block, as well as the uplifts of Borokonu and Bogda Mountains, the comprehensive influence of the material westward expansion constitute the stress field distribution characteristics of the north and south sides of the middle section of Tianshan Mountains. The recent two M_S6.6 earthquakes in the region caused the regional stress field to rotate counterclockwise. The post-earthquake stress field and the main source focal mechanism solution tend to be consistent. The seismic activity in the study area is week in the south and strong in the north. The focal depth is about 20km. Most strike-slip earthquakes occur near the junction belt of the Tianshan and Junggar Basin.     

宁夏及邻近地区震源机制解特征

采用在吴尔夫网上作图的方法求得了宁夏及邻近地区 372个地震震源机制解 ,再以各次地震的主压、主张应力轴资料在吴尔夫网上求出了该地区主压应力方向和主张应力方向 .其P轴的优势方向在北东 30°～ 70°之间 ;T轴的优势方向在北西 30 0°～ 330°之间 .由该地区主压和主张应力以近水平方向为主 ,认为发生地震的断层运动形式是以走滑运动为特征     

南北地震带区域构造应力场反演

利用区域应力张量阻尼方法,使用南北地震带及其邻近区域2009年1月—2017年8月466次M_L≥3.5地震的震源机制解,及1976年1月—2017年8月GCMT公布的259次M≥4.5地震的震源机制解,反演得到研究区1.0°×1.0°网格大小区域的构造应力场。应力场空间分布特征显示,南北地震带作为青藏高原的东边界,由于所处动力环境复杂,其内部最大主应力方向具有明显的空间差异性。这种差异主要表现为:南北地震带北段最大主应力方向为NE向;南北地震带中段及周边除龙门山断裂带NE段最大主应力为NW-NNW向外,其它地段最大主应力近EW向;南北地震带中南段最大主应力方向逐渐由近EW向到NW或NE向,再到近NS向。整体而言,南北地震带及邻近区域最大主应力方向由北到南发生了顺时针旋转。川滇菱形块体内部最大主应力方向为NNW向,应力方向转换带与块体边界基本一致,其东边界以东最大主应力方向为NW向,西边界以西为NNE向。从区域构造应力场的角度分析,难以将“南北地震带”作为一个统一的地震带应用于中长期地震预测的研究与实践中。      

Seismic anisotropy of the crust in Yunnan, China： Polarizations of fast shear-waves

Introduction Anisotropy of the crust is a common phenomenon(Crampin,1984).Shear-wave splitting can be used to study the earthquake anisotropic characteristic in crust,to analyze crustal stress field condition,and to describe the static and the dynamic state of the related anisotropic parameters(GAO et al,1999).Shear-wave splitting is quite sensitive to anisotropy.The domestic scholars applied shear-wave splitting to studying the crustal anisotropy(YAO et al,1992;GAO and FENG,1990).The st…     

辽宁区域地震台网的地壳剪切波分裂研究

主要利用辽宁区域地震台网8个台站记录到的1999年6月至2004年12月的波形数据,采用剪切波分裂SAM分析方法,对辽宁地区的剪切波分裂特征进行了研究。发现大部分台站的快剪切波优势偏振方向为NEE(近EW)向,与原地主压应力方向一致,也与华北北部的区域构造应力场方向一致。然而,辽宁中部的SJ台站和东部的KD台站的快剪切波优势偏振方向分别为近NS向和NW向,与其他台站的结果有差异,可能是受到复杂的局部构造的控制和影响,这2个台站的结果还需要更多资料的证实。根据GPS、地震和地球物理等其它资料,对该地区断层的区域分布、主压应力以及剪切波分裂参数的空间分布特征进行了讨论     

2020年云南巧家M5.0地震震源机制解与震源区应力场研究

基于国家测震台网数据中心提供的波形资料, 采用gCAP方法反演2020年5月18日云南巧家M5.0地震及研究区域51次地震震源机制解, 并收集研究区域震源机制解50个。 采用网格搜索法反演区域构造应力场, 并对研究区域采用不同划分进行应力场反演。 获得以下结论: ① 主震震源机制解节面Ⅰ的走向、 倾角和滑动角分别为175°、 67°和-19°, 节面Ⅱ的走向、 倾角和滑动角分别为273°、 73°和-156°, 矩震级为4.97, 矩心深度为8.8 km。 表明主震属于兼具逆冲分量的走滑型地震; ② 震后区域应力场主压应力轴方位为NWW, 倾角接近水平, 主张应力轴方位为NNE, 倾角接近水平, 属于走滑型应力状态, 与周边地质构造运动状态相吻合; ③ 对研究区域采用不同划分所得应力场结果相差不大, 表明该区域应力场比较稳定, 受深大断裂带和震源机制解类型影响较小。     

Focal Mechanism Solutions and Stress Field Inversion of Moderately Strong Earthquakes in the Northern Tianshan Area

Using the focal mechanism solutions of 24 moderately strong earthquakes in the northern Tianshan area, we carried out system cluster and stress field inversion analysis. The result indicates that, the focal mechanism solutions of moderately strong earthquakes are mainly dipslip reverse faulting in the northern Tianshan area. The principal rupture planes of earthquakes are NW-oriented. It is basically consistent with the strike of earthquake structure in its adjacent area. The direction of the principal compression stress P axis is nearly NS, and its inclination angle is small; while the inclination angle of the principal extensional stress T axis is large. It shows that the regional stress field is mainly controlled by the near-NS horizontal compressive stress. The direction of the maximum principal stress shows a gradation process of NNE-NS-NW from east to west.     

三峡地区地震震源机制解初步研究

根据三峡与邻近地区实际天然地震数据,利用GMT软件绘制出三峡地区两次地震的震源机制解。绘制出了三峡地区1964年以来地震震中分布情况,以及频率变化。震源机制解以及三峡与邻近地区断层资料显示出该地区受到西藏块体、四川盆地、川滇块体与鄂尔多斯地块的共同挤压作用,三峡及邻区的现今水平构造应力场的主压应力轴为北东东向,是喜马拉雅期构造应力场的继续。近东西向的向东移动显示出该地区可能为青藏高原地幔物质向东"逃逸"的通道之一。根据水库蓄水前后震源机制解资料反映的震源机制变化,认为蓄水对于三峡及邻区应力场在垂向上有一定的影响。