支链烷基苯磺酸钠聚集性质的实验与理论研究

以芘为探针、二苯酮为猝灭剂，用稳态荧光法测定了合成的4种链长分别为10、12、14、16碳，苯环均在β位取代的对烷基苯磺酸钠的临界胶团浓度、胶团聚集数和微极性．研究了链长对支链烷基苯磺酸钠聚集性质的影响．分析了支链烷基苯磺酸钠疏水、亲水基团对聚集性质的影响．用量子化学从头算HartreeFock方法取6-31G^*基组计算了支链烷基苯磺酸根离子气相中的电荷分布．     

稳态荧光探针法研究烷基苄基聚氧乙烯醚丙烷磺酸钠的聚集行为

以芘为荧光探针、二苯甲酮为猝灭剂，用稳态荧光探针法测定了合成的3种高纯的烷基苄基聚氧乙烯醚丙烷磺酸钠的临界胶束浓度、不同表面活性荆浓度下的胶团聚集数和胶团微极性．研究了链长变化对烷基苄基聚氧乙烯醚丙烷磺酸钠聚集性质的影响．考察了胶团聚集数的浓度效应，并由胶团聚集数与表面活性剂浓度关系方程外推求得了它们各自的临界胶束聚集数．     

荧光探针法研究新型Gemini表面活性剂在水溶液中的聚集行为

以芘为荧光探针、二苯酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光探针法测定了新型Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶团浓度(CMC)、胶团聚集数(Nagg)及胶团微极性.研究了Gemini表面活性剂结构和氯化钠浓度对CMC、Nagg、胶团微极性的影响.结果表明,新型Gemini表面活性剂的CMC比常规表面活性剂的CMC低1—2个数量级.当疏水基碳原子数增加时,CMC依次降低,Nagg增大,胶团微极性减小.当氯化钠浓度增大时,Nagg增大,胶团微极性减小.     

荧光探针法和电子自旋共振技术研究干扰基团对烷基苯磺酸钠聚集行为的影响

利用稳态荧光探针法和电子自旋共振技术测定多烷基苯磺酸钠的临界胶团浓度(cmc)、胶团聚集数(Nagg)、胶团的微极性和微粘度.当干扰基团增加时,烷基苯磺酸钠的临界胶团浓度减少,胶团聚集数减少,胶团微粘度降低,胶团的微极性增强.     

稳态荧光探针研究Guerbet醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠的聚集行为

以芘为荧光探针、二苯甲酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光探针法测定了合成的4种具有支链结构的Guerbet醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠的临界胶束浓度和胶团的聚集数.结果表明,用稳态荧光探针法得到的临界胶束浓度（CMC）数值与表面张力法相差不大.结合临界胶束浓度、胶束微环境的极性和胶束聚集数的变化规律,推测了这类表面活性剂形成的胶束聚集体的结构形态.     

酯基Gemini型季铵盐表面活性剂与AEO9的复配体系研究

通过考察酯基Gem in i型季铵盐表面活性剂Ⅱ-10-n(n=3,4,6)与十二烷基聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO9)的复配体系的表面活性发现,复配体系的临界胶团总浓度CMCT值介于二元复配体系中各组分的临界胶团浓度CMC01和CMC02之间。当溶液中含有少量AEO9时(在溶液体相中的摩尔分数α2=0.1),混合胶团中AEO9的摩尔分数均已超过0.35;随着溶液中AEO9含量的增大,混合胶团中逐渐以AEO9为主成分。复配体系的混合胶团聚集数介于二元复配体系中各组分的胶团聚集数之间,随着溶液中酯基Gem in i型季铵盐表面活性剂含量的增加,混合胶团聚集数逐渐减少。     

荧光法研究表面活性剂CTAB与蛋白质的相互作用

应用荧光光谱法研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用机制。实验结果表明,CTAB主要以静态猝灭的方式使得BSA的荧光强度显著降低;求得它们在l6℃和25℃温度下的结合常数以及结合位点数n;计算得出CTAB与牛血清白蛋白的相关热力学参数(25℃);CTAB和BSA主要凭借范德华力和氢键作用结合。同时以芘为荧光探针、二苯甲酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光探针法测定了CTAB的临界胶团浓度(CMC)与不同表面活性剂浓度下的胶团聚集数(N)并研究了BSA对其临界胶团聚集数的影响。且用同步荧光技术考察了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对牛血清白蛋白构象的影响。     

双取代直链烷基苯磺酸钠的合成及其界面活性的研究

为了研究不同结构的双直链烷基苯磺酸钠的分子结构与界面活性之间的关系,以邻二氯苯为原料,经交叉耦合反应、磺化反应和中和反应等步骤,合成了邻二正戊烷基、正己烷基和正庚烷基苯磺酸钠 3种化合物, 3种产物的收率为 55% ~65%,用两相滴定法测定了产物的质量分数,均大于 99. 0%,用核磁共振氢谱和碳谱对产物进行了结构鉴定。用Wilhelmy-Plate法测定了双直链烷基苯磺酸钠NaCl水溶液与正壬烷的界面张力,发现随着疏水链碳数的增加,临界胶束浓度CMC减小,饱和吸附量Γmax先减小后增大,临界胶束浓度下的界面张力γCMC和饱和吸附面积Amin则是先增大后减小。     

奇碳链烷基芳基磺酸钠表面性能研究

本文是利用3种自制的高纯度奇碳链的炕基芳基磺酸钠,研究了芳环分别连在长烷基链2、6、8位、在25℃时对表面性质的影响。同时考察了温度对表面性质的影响。结果表明,在25~C时,随芳环向长烷基链中心移动,临界胶束浓度cmc升高,标准吸附自由能△G^0md二变小,但是,饱和吸附量Гmax随芳环向烷基链中间位置移动逐渐下降,分子独占面积Amin增大,临界胶柬浓度时的表面张力γmax～随吸附量的减少而降低,pC20增大。对于同一结构的烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液,随温度升高,cmc先减小后增大,△G^0ad更负,Гmax下降,γcmc降低,pC20增大。从分子结构的角度解释了Гmax～和γcmc等的变化规律,探讨了分子独占面积Гmax和γcmc的影响。     

利用Gemini联接链上生色基团测定临界胶团浓度

利用Gemini表面活性剂分子聚集使联接链上生色基团吸光截面积增大的原理,发展了自吸收光谱测定水溶液中临界胶团浓度(CMC)的方法。实验测得C11pPHCNa水溶液(pH=12)的CMC值0．0891 mmol／L,与表面张力法测定的结果(CMC=0．0925 mmol／L)吻合。当这些分子聚集形成较完整胶团后造成联接链上生色基团的荧光猝灭,由此可测定形成较完整胶团的临界点(≈0．451 mmol／L)。     

稳态荧光探针法研究二聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠的表面行为

介绍了以二聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚,氨基磺酸,氢氧化钠为原料,合成二聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(GNPES),同样方法合成壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(NPES),以芘为荧光探针,用稳态荧光探针法测定了合成的GNPES和NPES的临界胶束浓度。     

稳态荧光探针法测定SDS表面活性剂胶束聚集数

以芘作为荧光探针,十六烷基氯化毗啶（CPC）作为猝灭剂,根据芘的荧光强度之比随表面活性荆水溶液浓度的变化,测定十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的裕界胶柬浓度（cmc）,测定值与文献值较一致。并用外推法得到SDS的胶束聚集数（n）。文章提供了一种简单可行的实验方法了来计算和评价胶束的基本特性。     

Surface properties of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates in hard river water

Surface properties of a series of highly purified linear alkyl benzene sulfonates were extensively studied in hard river water. The effects of water hardness, alkyl chain length and position of the phenyl sulfonate group in the molecule on such surface properties as pC₂₀, critical micelle concentration (CMC), γ_CMC, CMC/C₂₀ ratio, and minimum area per molecule at the interface are discussed in detail. The position of phenyl sulfonate group in the molecule was found to have a pronounced effect on the CMC, γ_CMC value, CMC/C₂₀ ratio, and, to the contrary, a relatively small effect on the pC₂₀ value. The linear relationship between pC₂₀ or-log CMC, and m, the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, was found for surfactants with the phenyl sulfonate group either at the terminal position or at the more central position in the molecule. γ_CMC decreases but the CMC value increases, when the position of phenyl sulfonate group moves from the terminal toward a more central position of the molecule, reflecting the “Hartley Effect” resulting from the branched alkyl chain.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Surface Activity of Alkyl m-Xylene Sulfonate Isomers

This paper deals with the synthesis of a series of alkyl m-xylene sulfonate isomers (with the m-xylene located at the eighth carbon atom along the long alkyl chain) by the Friedel?CCrafts reaction, and the Grignard reaction followed by hydrogenation. The structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR. All analytical methods indicated high levels of purity of the isomers with the eighth carbon atom at the long alkyl chain. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension and maximum surface excess concentration at the CMC and area per molecule at the interface were determined. As the long alkyl chains increased the surfactant molecule tends to pack closely at the gas?Cliquid interface. Accordingly, the CMC decreased, the adsorption density increased, and the surface tension reduction was strengthened.     

A Systematic Study of Mixed Surfactant Solutions of a Cationic Ester-Bonded Dimeric Surfactant with Cationic, Anionic and Nonionic Monomeric Surfactants in Aqueous Media

A novel cationic biodegradable dimeric (gemini) surfactant, ethane-1,2-diyl bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammoniumacetoxy) dichloride (16-E2-16), containing an ester-linked spacer was synthesized. Its pure and mixed micellization properties with monomeric surfactants cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl pyridinium chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, cetyl alcohol ethoxylate (20EO) and tert-octylphenol ethoxylate (9.5EO) were investigated by surface tension measurements at 30 °C. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 16-E2-16 is well below that of cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride containing the same number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic tail per polar head. At different mole fractions of the gemini surfactant, the CMCs of the gemini-conventional binary mixtures were determined and were found to be less than the ideal CMC values in all the cases indicating synergistic interactions. Aggregation number and Stern–Volmer constant, obtained by the fluorescence quenching technique, also support the synergistic behavior of the surfactant systems.     

阴阳离子表面活性剂复配体系的聚集行为

用芘(Py)荧光探针法测定了添加少量十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)后,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和胶束聚集数(Nm)。在一定范围内,SDS的CMC与CTAB的添加量〔x=c(CTAB)/c(SDS)〕有如下定量关系:ln〔CMC/(mmol/L)〕=0.69-10.48x。当x=1/80时,SDS的胶束聚集数为92。x=1/40时,SDS的胶束聚集数为122。SDS的胶束聚集数随着CTAB的添加量迅速增加。因此,阴阳离子混合表面活性剂作为合成介孔催化剂的模板剂,可以调控介孔催化剂的孔径大小。