晶体取向对铝单晶在循环形变过程中的应力响应、摩擦应力和反馈应力的影响

采用晶体取向不同的99.999％Al单晶试样,进行拉压对称的应变控制疲劳试验。应变幅为2×10~(-3)。记录了各循环周次的应力、应力-应变滞后回线,根据回线的面积和形状计算了循环形变中的能量损耗、摩擦应力、反馈应力及形状参量。观察了滑移形貌,发现晶体取向对上述各量均有很大影响。多滑移取向晶体比单滑移取向晶体具有大得多的初始硬化率、饱和应力值和能量损耗。而滞后回线的形状则后者较接近矩形,其形状参量V_H比前者大,探讨了各参量间的关系及它们与材料内部位错结构的联系。     

[■12]双滑移取向铜单晶体的循环应变硬化及饱和

本文在塑性分切应变幅（γpl）为1．3×10-4－7．2×10-3范围内研究了双滑移取向铜单晶体的循环形变行为当γpl＜2×10-3,晶体的初始硬化速率θ0.2较低,几乎与应变幅大小无关。当γpl＞2×10-3,θ0．2随γpl的增加而显著增大．　晶体的循环应力－应变（CSS）曲线在5×10-4＜γpl＜4×10-3范围内呈现一个明显的平台,平台区的范围与单滑移晶体相比明显缩短,但平台区对应的饱和应力相近．和晶体虽然同处于标准取向三角形的001／边上．但其循环形变行为存在明显的差异,可归结为各个滑移系相对于晶体轴的几何位置不同,从而造成不同的滑移形变特征     

Cu双晶的循环形变行为与疲劳裂纹萌生：Ⅰ.循环形变行为和滑移形貌

在切应变幅γpl≈1066×10-4至9．1×10-3s范围内，研究了四种Cu双晶的循环形变行为,实验结果表明，对于含两单滑移取向组元晶体的三种子行晶界双晶，其循环形变行为表现出和单滑移取向Cu单晶类似的特征，循环应力一应变（CSS）曲线上存在一平台区，但平台应力都高于单滑移取向Cu单晶的典型值（28MPa），且各有所差别对于含一单滑移和一双滑移组元晶体的垂直晶界双晶，CSS曲线上没有明显的平台，并且发现曲线与Cu多晶的CSS曲线非常类似表面形貌观察表明，上述循环形变行为与由于晶界约束而导致的双滑移或多沿移现象以及开动沿移系的位错反应强度密切相关     

高纯铝单晶在拉压疲劳早期过程中的行为

系统地研究了［１１０］与［１００］两种特殊晶轴取向的高纯铝单晶在１×１０（－４）－６×１０（－４）室温拉压疲劳应变振幅条件下的应力σｍ、内耗Ｑ（－１）和加载最大处超声衰减△αｔ，的循环响应行为，对疲劳不同阶段的位错组态作了详细的ＴＥＭ观察。结果表明：两种单晶的循环应力均显示出“硬化－软化－二次硬化”的三个阶段特征。内耗的变化和应力进程同步，但趋势相反．超声衰减开始随圈数增大，达到一极大值后减小。这三种参数的变化是由位错与位错的相互作用机制控制。     

面心立方晶体的循环形变及其位错反应模型 Ⅰ Cu晶体的循环形变

系统地观察了各种不同轴向Cu晶体的循环应力-应变响应及其饱和位错结构.实验结果表明,晶体的宏观循环形变行为和微观位错组态的演变都与晶体的轴向紧密相关.在一些轴向位于标准取向三角形内的单滑移晶体中观察到明显的多滑移现象;其循环形变行为和饱和位错结构都与相邻的双滑移或多滑移晶体有许多相似之处.     

CYCLIC DEFORMATION OF FCC CRYSTALS AND ITS DISLOCATION INTERACTION MODEL Ⅰ. CYCLIC DEFORMATION OF COPPER SINGIE CRYSTALS

系统地观察了各种不同轴向Cu晶体的循环应力-应变响应及其饱和位错结构.实验结果表明,晶体的宏观循环形变行为和微观位错组态的演变都与晶体的轴向紧密相关.在一些轴向位于标准取向三角形内的单滑移晶体中观察到明显的多滑移现象;其循环形变行为和饱和位错结构都与相邻的双滑移或多滑移晶体有许多相似之处.     

CYCLIC STRAIN HARDENING AND SATURATION OF [■12]DOUBLE-SLIP-ORIENTED COPPER SINGLE CRYSTALS

本文在塑性分切应变幅（γpl）为1．3×10-4－7．2×10-3范围内研究了双滑移取向铜单晶体的循环形变行为当γpl＜2×10-3,晶体的初始硬化速率θ0.2较低,几乎与应变幅大小无关。当γpl＞2×10-3,θ0．2随γpl的增加而显著增大．　晶体的循环应力－应变（CSS）曲线在5×10-4＜γpl＜4×10-3范围内呈现一个明显的平台,平台区的范围与单滑移晶体相比明显缩短,但平台区对应的饱和应力相近．和晶体虽然同处于标准取向三角形的001／边上．但其循环形变行为存在明显的差异,可归结为各个滑移系相对于晶体轴的几何位置不同,从而造成不同的滑移形变特征     

循环变形铜单晶体的滞后回线形状变化与驻留滑移带的萌生

本文系统测量并总结了不同类型双滑移取向铜单体循环变形中滞后回线性形状参数ＶＨ随循环周次Ｎ的变化关系,结果表明,与单滑移晶体不同晶体取向双滑移晶体的滞后回线形状变化趋势有显著的影响,ＶＨ与驻留滑移带（ＰＳＢ）的形成有无明业对应关系与该取向单晶体的循环应力－应变（ＣＳＳ）曲线有无平台区或准平台区出现密切相关,ＶＨ随Ｎ的变化关系反映了晶体在循环变形中的微观组织结构的不同变化,通过ＶＨ确定了不同类型双滑移     

面心立方晶体的循环形变及其位错反应模型 Ⅱ 循环形变的位错反应模型

运用位错之间的交互作用理论,对各种轴向Cu晶体的循环形变行为进行了分析和比较,确认晶体循环形变的应力-应变响应以及形成的位错组态是由各滑移系统的位错反应的模式和强度决定的,根据晶体轴向在标准取向三角形中的位置,可以推断其循环形变行为.     

垂直晶界钢双晶体的循环形变行为

本文通过对取向近垂直晶界铜双晶体进行塑性应变控制循环变形,在表面滑移形貌及饱和位错组态观察的基础上,研究了其循环应力－应变响应．结果表明该铜双晶体循环应力－应变（CSS）曲线具有两个饱和轴向应力基本不变的平台区．即在塑性应变范围1．80×10-4－1．35×10-3对应于饱和应力幅62—64MPa及在塑性应变范围2．04×10-3—2．56×10-3对应于饱和应力幅70—71MPa．讨论了组元晶体的相对取向对其滑移形貌、饱和位错组态及CSS曲线的影响。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.