B19病毒XA株VP1独特区真核表达系统的建立及鉴定

目的:克隆B19病毒XA株VP1u基因,构建真核重组表达载体.方法:从已构建好的B19病毒XA株原核表达载体中获得VP1u基因,将其克隆入真核表达载体plRES2-EGFP中,经酶切鉴定并测序验证后,获得真核表达载体plRES2-EGFP-VP1u.将其转染至HeLa细胞,提取细胞总蛋白,用Western blot技术检测VP1u蛋白的表达.结果:成功构建了携带人B19病毒VP1u基因的真核表达载体plRES2-EGFP-VP1u,荧光显微镜下可见pIRES2-EGFP-VP1u转染HeLa细胞后表达EGFP蛋白而发出绿色荧光,Western blot证明VP1u蛋白在HeLa细胞中表达.结论:成功构建了携带人B19病毒VP1u基因的真核表达载体plRES2-EGFP-VP1u并在HeLa细胞中正确表达,为今后B19病毒VP1u基因疫苗的研究奠定基础.     

人Bcl2基因真核表达载体的构建及其抗凋亡功能研究

目的:构建带myc标签的Bcl2真核表达载体,获得myc-Bcl2融合蛋白,并对其生物学功能进行初步检测。方法:以本实验室保存的乳腺文库为模板,采用PCR技术扩增Bcl2编码序列,将其插入p CMV-myc载体,Western印迹检测表达情况;将重组质粒与空载体分别转染乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,通过流式细胞仪检测p CMV-myc-Bcl2重组质粒对细胞凋亡的影响。结果:双酶切和测序结果表明p CMV-myc-Bcl2真核表达质粒构建成功;转染293T细胞后myc-Bcl2蛋白成功表达;流式细胞仪检测结果显示,myc-Bcl2明显抑制乳腺癌细胞系的凋亡。结论:构建了带myc标签的人Bcl2真核表达载体,为进一步研究Bcl2在细胞凋亡中的功能奠定了基础。     

重组人PCNA突变体的克隆与稳定表达

目的:构建重组人PCNA突变体(mutant PCNA,mPCNA)的真核表达质粒,并建立稳定高表达该目的蛋白的宫颈癌细胞系Hela.为进一步研究PCNA在DNA损伤修复中重要的生物学功能奠定基础.方法:将舍有定点突变的PCNA cDNA序列克隆到T载体中,然后再亚克隆到真核表达栽体pCDNA3.1/V5-His A上,构建真核表达载体质粒pCDNA3.1/V5-His A-mPCNA,稳定转染到Hela细胞中;Western Blotting法检测蛋白的表达情况;白细胞记数法测定细胞的生长速率.结果:真核表达质粒pCDNA3.1/V5-His A-mPCNA经酶切、测序分析与实验设计的序列完全一致;稳定建系后,Western Blotting结果显示在相应位置可见清楚的目的条带;稳定高表达mPCNA的细胞系与野生型细胞相比两者的生长速率基本一致.结论:成功构建了真核表达质粒pCDNA3.1/V5-His A-mPCNA;建立了稳定高表达该突变体的Hela细胞系;PCNA突变体的高表达不影响Hela细胞的正常生长.     

表达人去唾液酸糖蛋白受体分子细胞系的建立

目的构建稳定表达人肝细胞表面分子去唾液酸糖蛋白受体（asialoglycoprotein receptor,ASGPR）的细胞系。方法逆转录PCR扩增人肝组织ASGPR大亚基H1全编码序列,插入到真核表达载体plRES2EGFP中,重组质粒pIRES2EGFP／ASGPRH1转染HeLa细胞,G418筛选,RT—PCR,Western印迹及免疫荧光检测ASGPRH1的表达。结果成功构建了pIRES2EGFP／ASGPRH1重组质粒,该质粒转染HeLa细胞后,Western印迹及免疫荧光均检测到ASGPRHI蛋白的表达。结论成功建立了稳定表达人ASGPRH1的细胞系,为进一步研究ASGPR分子奠定了基础。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒NS1基因的克隆及其诱导肺腺癌细胞A549凋亡的研究

通过RT-PCR的方法克隆H5N1亚型禽流感病毒NS1基因,并构建了真核表达载体pCMV-Myc/NS1。将此真核表达质粒转染肺腺癌细胞A549,48 h后,经Western印迹检测,NS1基因能在细胞中正确表达。经荧光显微镜、透射电镜观察和流式细胞仪检测,发现该株流感病毒的NS1蛋白可诱导肺腺癌细胞A549凋亡。     

人GNAS1基因克隆、真核表达载体的构建及瞬时转染Hela细胞

目的:克隆人GNAS1基因编码区序列、构建真核表达载体并瞬时转染Hela细胞。方法:通过RT-PCR克隆GNAS1基因编码序列,亚克隆至pMD19载体,测序鉴定正确后,通过酶切连接至真核表达载体pEGFP-N1,通过菌液PCR和酶切鉴定获得pEGFP-GNAS1重组质粒;表达载体以Lipofectamine2000介导转染Hela细胞,并用实时定量PCR检测外源基因在Hela细胞中的表达。结果:克隆到GNAS1基因并获得了pEGFP-GNAS1表达载体,在Hela细胞中获得了GNAS1的过量表达。结论:成功克隆了GNAS1基因编码序列,并构建其真核表达载体,瞬时转染至Hela细胞,为进一步深入研究Gsα蛋白生物学作用奠定基础。     

用于活体影像技术稳定表达荧光素酶的肺癌细胞系的建立

目的:建立稳定表达萤火虫荧光素酶的人肺癌细胞系并进行体外验证.方法:亚克隆萤火虫荧光素酶基因到真核表达载体pRc/CMV2上,构建重组质粒pRc/CMV2.1uc+,转染到肺癌细胞株spc-a-1,经过G418筛选获得单细胞抗性克隆.抗性克隆连续传代,并通过荧光素酶活性检测筛选出高水平表达荧光素酶的稳定细胞克隆,在体外检测细胞的生物发光能力与细胞数量的相关性.结果:构建的pRc/CMV2-1uc+真核表达质粒转染spe-a-1细胞后,经G418筛选出多个抗性克隆;传代至40代时确定有3株细胞的荧光素酶活性最高;活体影像系统体外检测证实阳性细胞株发光强度与数量呈正相关.结论:结果表明成功构建了稳定表达萤火虫荧光素酶的spc-a-1细胞系.     

EGFP-Luc-Hepa1-6细胞系的构建及其在小鼠肝癌模型中的应用

目的:构建带有增强型绿色荧光蛋白EGFP及荧光素酶luciferase的真核表达载体p CMVLuciferase-IRES2-EGFP,对肝癌细胞系Hepa1-6转染后进行稳定筛选,并将表达该载体的细胞系应用于小鼠原位肝癌模型构建,以对小鼠肝癌细胞进行稳定标记与活体示踪。方法:对p GL3-Basic质粒进行Xba I酶切、Klenow片段补平黏端、Xho I酶切获得luciferase小片段,与Xho I/Sma I酶切p IRES2-EGFP质粒获得的载体大片段连接,获得重组质粒p CMV-Luciferase-IRES2-EGFP。酶切鉴定、测序比对确认序列完全正确后,以重组载体转染Hepa1-6细胞进行稳定筛选,以荧光显微镜观察EGFP表达,报告基因实验与LuminaⅡ成像系统检测荧光素酶活性。确认该细胞系中的质粒得到表达后,以该细胞系进行C57BL/6小鼠肝脏原位接种构建肝癌模型,以LuminaⅡ成像系统连续活体监测肝癌的生长,取离体的肝癌组织制备石蜡切片(HE染色)和冰冻切片(免疫荧光染色)分别观察离体肿瘤组织病理学特征及其中肝癌细胞绿色荧光蛋白表达情况。结果:成功构建表达p CMV-Luciferase-IRES2-EGFP载体的Hepa1-6细胞系(EGFP-Luc-Hepa1-6),并以该细胞系成功构建C57BL/6小鼠原位肝癌模型,实现小鼠肝癌细胞的活体示踪与体外标记。结论:成功构建EGFP-Luc-Hepa1-6细胞系,且以此细胞系构建的小鼠原位肝癌模型可以同时实现小鼠肝癌生长的连续活体监测与离体组织检测。     

小鼠DLL1真核表达载体的构建及其在肿瘤细胞中的表达

目的：构建带绿色荧光蛋白的小鼠DLL1全长基因真核表达载体,并在肿瘤细胞中表达。方法：利用PCR特异性引物扩增出DLL1基因全长,将克隆的基因片段插入带绿色荧光蛋白的真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP质粒中。然后利用脂质体将重组质粒pIRES2-EGFP-DLL1转染进小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞中,并通过G418筛选后选取生长良好、荧光强度高的三株单克隆进行mRNA水平DLL1表达的鉴定。结果：成功扩增小鼠DLL1的全长基因。克隆入质粒载体后,通过DNA序列测定证实其序列正确。将构建的pIRES2-EGFP-DLL1质粒转染小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞,经过G418筛选和荧光显微镜观察后,挑选得到GFP阳性率90%以上的稳定转染细胞株。RT-PCR检测稳定转染细胞的mDLL1的表达显著增加,进一步证实了pIRES2-EGFP-DLL1的表达效能。结论：成功构建了小鼠DLL1基因的真核表达质粒,证实其在真核细胞B16中可以表达。     

人细小病毒B19基因组编码蛋白真核表达质粒的构建与鉴定

目的:构建人细小病毒B19(B19V)基因组编码蛋白的真核表达质粒,并对其表达进行鉴定,为研究B19V蛋白功能提供支持。方法:设计并合成B19V基因组编码蛋白VP1、VP2、NS1、11k Da、X、7.5k Da和VP1独特区域(VP1u)的PCR扩增引物,以B19V感染性克隆p B19-M20为模板,PCR扩增基因组编码蛋白的核苷酸序列,将其插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-HA-Flag,并进行酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列测定;将鉴定正确的重组质粒转染HEK293T细胞,通过免疫印迹分别检测病毒蛋白的表达情况。结果:构建了B19V 7种蛋白的真核表达质粒,免疫印迹鉴定表明均可表达相应的目的蛋白。结论:构建了B19V 7种蛋白的真核表达质粒,为深入研究B19V蛋白功能及其在致病机制中的作用奠定了基础。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.